Polar Research and Policy Initiative

Last updated

Polar Research and Policy Initiative
AbbreviationPRPI
Formation2016
Legal statusIndependent, international think-tank incorporated in England and Wales
PurposePromote UK and international engagement with the Arctic and the Antarctic
Location
Region served
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Commonwealth Icon2.svg  Commonwealth of Nations Flag of the United States.svg  United States Flag of Europe.svg  European Union Flag of Greenland.svg  Greenland Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg  Faroe Islands Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Flag of Russia.svg  Russia

Contents

Blank flag.svg  Antarctica
Director
Dr Dwayne Ryan Menezes
Staff
35
Website www.polarconnection.org

The Polar Research and Policy Initiative (PRPI), also known as The Polar Connection, is a foreign policy think tank based in London, England. Specializing in the Arctic, Nordic, Baltic, and Antarctic regions, as well as energy and environmental issues, PRPI aims to promote sustainable regional development.

History

Founding

Polar Research and Policy Initiative, was founded by Dwayne Ryan Menezes and Christophe Milhères in 2015-2016 as the UK's first policy think-tank dedicated primarily to the Arctic and Antarctic. [1] It was incorporated in England and Wales in September 2015, six months after the founders returned from Greenland, and launched in February 2016, at a private reception held at the Travellers Club in London. The event heard from Aleqa Hammond, the former Prime Minister of Greenland and Andrew Rosindell, Member of Parliament (MP) for Romford and Founder and former Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Polar Regions, as speakers, [2] [3] [4] and attendees included Kamalesh Sharma, Commonwealth Secretary-General; Captain Ashok Mahapatra, Director of the Maritime Safety Division of the International Maritime Organization; Stefan Asmundssen, President of the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission; Donald Lamont, Chairman of the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust, former Governor of the Falkland Islands and Commissioner of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and Jock Wishart, polar explorer. [5] [6] Its web portal, Polar Connection, was launched thereafter in July 2016. [7]

Current status

The mission of PRPI, as stated on its website, is to:

PRPI's focus has gradually expanded from an early emphasis on UK and Commonwealth of Nations. This expansion includes the United States and, after the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum (popularly known as Brexit), the rest of Europe. [9] As a UK-based international think-tank that operates principally in the international arena, at the time of its inception, PRPI engaged with different geographic constituencies through four engagement forums. These engagement forums include Asia Pacific, European Union, Small Island Developing States and World Ocean. [10] Following the 2016 Arctic Circle Assembly, PRPI also introduced a new BRICS engagement forum. [11]

Activities

Since its inception, PRPI's most prominent features have been the provision of research, analysis and commentary; high engagement with policymakers, industry leaders, academics and Indigenous representatives; ongoing dialogue with national governments and multilateral fora; and active participation at national and international conferences. It has also aligned its principal activities with the key priorities of the incumbent Chairs of the Arctic Council: the United States, 2015–2017, on "improving economic and living conditions in Arctic communities"; [12] and Finland, 2017–2019, in "the Agenda 2030 framework [2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development] can be used in Arctic cooperation for the benefit of humans and nature". [12]

Research, analysis and commentary

PRPI publishes its research and provides analysis and commentary both, via its digital platform, Polar Connection and through partner platforms. PRPI Fellows also publish their research. Its research interests are reflected in its organizational structure, which features three divisions: theme-specific units; industry-specific units; and stakeholder engagement forums. [13]

Theme-specific units

PRPI has six theme-specific units:

Industry-specific units

PRPI has six industry-specific units:

Engagement forums

PRPI engages with different geopolitical constituencies through five engagement forums: [10]

Stakeholder engagement

PRPI positions itself as the nexus between stakeholders in policy, industry, academia, civil society and the media, and it provides a platform for dialogue and cooperation among different stakeholders. It does so in a variety of ways:

Parliamentary Evidence, Policy Briefs and Industry Briefs

PRPI has regularly provided written and oral evidence to relevant UK Parliamentary inquiries, such as:

  • UK House of Commons Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, 'Leaving the EU: Negotiating Priorities for Energy and Climate Change Policy Inquiry'; [30] [31]
  • UK House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee, 'Scotland and the High North Inquiry'; [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37]
  • UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, 'Closing the STEM Skills Gap Inquiry'; [38] [39]
  • UK House of Commons International Trade Committee, 'UK Trade Options Beyond 2019 Inquiry'. [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44]

PRPI also provides policy briefs and industry briefs, when requested, to policymakers and industry leaders.[ citation needed ]

Missions and delegations

PRPI also briefs national governments and intergovernmental bodies about various Arctic, Nordic, and Antarctic issues. In September 2016, its founder, Dwayne Menezes, represented PRPI at the United Nations General Assembly and was invited to attend the UN Paris Climate Change Agreement Ratification Ceremony in New York City as a Civil Society Observer. In its early years, PRPI delegations were also received by the Executive Secretary of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat in Buenos Aires; the Executive Office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York; the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House, the United States Department of State, the International Monetary Fund and the National Science Foundation in Washington, D.C.; the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London; the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) in Canberra; Global Affairs Canada, Senate of Canada and Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; the Prime Minister's Office (Finland) and Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland) in Helsinki; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark) in Copenhagen; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iceland) in Reykjavík; among others.[ citation needed ]

Conferences

PRPI has sent delegations to, or convened policy dialogues at the Arctic Circle Assemblies organized by Arctic Circle (organization) in Reykjavík in October 2015, October 2016 and October 2017; the Arctic Circle Forums hosted by the same organization in Edinburgh in November 2017 and Tórshavn in May 2018; the Arctic Encounter Symposia held in the margins of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in December 2015 and in Seattle in April 2018; the Arctic Spirit Conference hosted in Rovaniemi in November 2017; the Ramboll Arctic Roundtable in Portland, Maine in December 2016; the NERC Arctic Science Conference convened in Sheffield in September 2015 and Antarctic Science Conference in Norfolk in July 2016; the Antarctica 100 Annual Meeting at the Royal Geographical Society in London in November 2015; the Arctic Future Symposium hosted by the International Polar Foundation in Brussels in November 2015; and the Arctic Science Summit Week and Arctic Observing Summit held in Fairbanks in April 2016 and Davos in June 2018. [45] [46]

High-level dialogues on SDGs in the Arctic

PRPI has been widely credited for ensuring the Sustainable Development Goals remain high on the policy agenda of Arctic Council member and observer governments, and for bringing about a re-articulation of the global Arctic discourse along the lines of the 17 Global Goals.[ citation needed ] It is particularly known for its high-level, multi-stakeholder dialogues on SDGs in the Arctic, which have been convened thus far at the Arctic Circle Assembly at Harpa (concert hall) in Reykjavík, Iceland in October 2017; [47] [48] Lapland University of Applied Sciences in Rovaniemi, Finland in November 2017; [49] [50] Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, in December 2017; [51] [52] [53] Australian Institute of International Affairs in Canberra, Australia, in January 2018; [54] [55] Palace of Westminster in London, United Kingdom in February 2018; [56] [57] Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Boston, United States in March 2018; [58] [59] [60] Arctic Encounter Symposium in Seattle, United States in April 2018; [61] [62] [63] University of Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway in April 2018; [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] Arctic Circle Forum in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands in May 2018; [69] [70] and Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, India in June 2018.[ citation needed ]

Dialogues on Arctic Border Governance

In June 2017, PRPI co-hosted a workshop on 'Regional Security in the North: Emerging Themes and Challenges' in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, in collaboration with Trent University, Yukon College, Royal Military College of Canada, St. Jerome's University, the Consulate General of the United States in Toronto, Borders in Globalization and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. [71] At the workshop, David Johnny, former chief of the White River First Nation, highlighted the challenges posed by borders to indigenous communities, such as the Upper Tanana peoples, whose villages and dwellings were near the boundary or even straddled the line. [72] Likewise, Dalee Sambo Dorough, professor at University of Alaska Anchorage and former chair of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, discussed the difficulties faced by American and Canadian Inuit.[ citation needed ]

Two months later, in August 2017, PRPI, along with University College London (UCL), Trent University and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, convened a follow-up interdisciplinary panel discussion on 'Arctic Borders Governance' at UCL in London, with Heather Nicol, Ilan Kelman and Dwayne Menezes as speakers. [73] The discussion focused on the implications of borders on indigenous peoples in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions - particularly the Inuit in United States, Canada, Greenland and Russia; the Aleuts in Russia and the United States; the Gwich'in people in Canada and the United States; and the Sami people in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. These discussions also formed the basis of the paper on 'Canada, Indigenous Peoples and Northern Borders' that Menezes published in The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs in October 2017. [74]

In December 2017, on behalf of PRPI and Trent University, Menezes and Nicol chaired a panel discussion on Arctic borders at the Erasmus+ - and SSHRC- funded Borders in Globalization 2nd International Conference held at the Lord Elgin Hotel in Ottawa, Canada, with Canadian Senator Charlie Watt, historian P. Whitney Lackenbauer, lawyer Robin Campbell and Suzanne Lalonde, professor at Université de Montréal, as speakers. [75]

Dialogues on Arctic Sealing

In October 2017, PRPI and the Embassy of Canada in Iceland hosted a screening of the 2016 Canadian feature-length documentary film Angry Inuk at the 2017 Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavík, Iceland, followed by a Q&A session with the Inuk filmmaker Alethea Arnaquq-Baril. Canada's Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Carolyn Bennett, Canadian Ambassador to Iceland Anne-Tamara Lorre and PRPI Director Dwayne Menezes offered addresses, while Penny Goodman of Scott Polar Research Institute moderated the discussion with Arnaquq-Baril. [76] [77] The film presented a defense of the Inuit seal hunt in the face of the EU Ban on Seal Products. The film also set the stage for a panel discussion on 'Arctic Sealing: Threat or Blue Prospect?' convened the next day by the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated in which Arnaquq-Baril and Menezes both sat on the panel. The panel also included NAMMCO General Secretary Genevieve Desportes, Makivik Corporation Vice-president Adamie Alaku, Aaja Chemnitz Larsen and Nordic Council senior adviser Geir Oddsson, among others. [78] [79] [80] [81] [82]

Dialogues on British, Canadian and American Arctic engagement

In April 2017, PRPI Director Menezes visited Rovaniemi, Finland, where he highlighted the opportunities for trade and investment between the UK and the eight Arctic Council member states at Northern STARS, the annual international seminar of Lapin AMK - Lapland University of Applied Sciences. [83] [84] [85] In October 2017, PRPI hosted a discussion on the same topic at the 2017 Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavík, Iceland. [86]

Likewise, early in July 2017, in order to mark the 150th anniversary of Canada, PRPI convened a special 'Canada 150' lecture and reception with Canadian historian Ken Coates of the Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London. [87] Later that year, in October 2017, PRPI hosted two keynote lectures by Tony Penikett, former Premier of Yukon, on 'Indigenous Chiefs, Regional Legislators, and Nation States: Who Rules the Arctic?' in the UK, the first with University College London (UCL) in London and the second with the University of Edinburgh in Edinburgh. [88] In November 2017, PRPI and the Department of Political Science at University of Western Ontario (UWO or Western University) convened two keynote lectures by Elizabeth Riddell Dixon in London, Ontario, Canada, the first on 'Ice Camps and Icebreakers: The Challenges of Mapping the Arctic Seabed' at London Public Library and the second on 'Sovereignty and Canada's Arctic Extended Continental Shelf' at UWO. [89] [90]

In January 2018, PRPI hosted a keynote lecture by American publisher and philanthropist Alice Rogoff on 'The US and its Emerging Arctic Interest' at UCL in London, United Kingdom. [91]

Other dialogues

In 2016, PRPI Geopolitics and Security Fellow Barbora Padrtova was part of a research team that supported the preparation of an Arctic Analysis Research Report at the behest of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic). She discussed her work in this regard at the 2016 General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research held at Charles University in Prague in July 2016, the Annual Meeting of the Austrian Polar Research Institute in Vienna in November 2016 and an Expert Seminar on 'The Arctic: Emerging Importance of the Region for the Czech Republic' held at the Institute of International Relations Prague in Prague in January 2017. [92] [93] [94]

In July 2017, PRPI convened a keynote lecture by PRPI Fisheries Fellow Brooks Kaiser on 'A Case for the Commons: The Snow Crab in the Barents' at Korea Polar Research Institute KOPRI in Incheon, South Korea. [95] In September 2017, PRPI Fellow Nic Craig presented on the 'Implications of Brexit on UK - Arctic Interconnection and the Continued Need for Cooperation' at the 2017 Arctic Energy Summit in Helsinki, Finland. [96] [97]

In October 2017, PRPI joined University College London in hosting a keynote lecture by Timo Koivurova of Arctic Centre, University of Lapland on 'How Finland, as Chair of the Arctic Council, aims to improve Arctic Governance' at UCL in London, UK. [98] [99] [100]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic</span> Polar region of the Earths northern hemisphere

The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway, northernmost Sweden, northern Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada, Danish Realm (Greenland), and northern Iceland, along with the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost under the tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Polar Year</span> Efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions

The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.

The University of the Arctic (UArctic) is an international cooperative network based in the Circumpolar Arctic region, consisting of universities, colleges, and other organizations with an interest in promoting education and research in the Arctic region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar Medal</span> UK award

The Polar Medal is a medal awarded by the Sovereign of the United Kingdom to individuals who have outstanding achievements in the field of polar research, and particularly for those who have worked over extended periods in harsh climates. It was instituted in 1857 as the Arctic Medal, and renamed the Polar Medal in 1904.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott Polar Research Institute</span> University Museum

The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge, located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic Council</span> Intergovernmental forum for the Arctic

The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arcticregion. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, and these constitute the member states of the council: Canada; Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Russia; Sweden; and the United States. Other countries or national groups can be admitted as observer states, while organizations representing the concerns of indigenous peoples can be admitted as indigenous permanent participants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arktika 2007</span> Russian expedition involving a crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole

Arktika 2007 was a 2007 expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim, one of many territorial claims in the Arctic, made possible, in part, because of Arctic shrinkage. As well as dropping a titanium tube containing the Russian flag, the submersibles collected specimens of Arctic flora and fauna and apparently recorded video of the dives. The "North Pole-35" manned drifting ice station was established.

MV <i>Xue Long</i> Chinese polar research vessel

Xue Long is a Chinese icebreaking research vessel. Built in 1993 at Kherson Shipyard in Ukraine, she was converted from an Arctic cargo ship to a polar research and re-supply vessel by Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding of Shanghai by the mid-1990s. The vessel was extensively upgraded in 2007 and 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar Class</span> Ice class

Polar Class (PC) refers to the ice class assigned to a ship by a classification society based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). Seven Polar Classes are defined in the rules, ranging from PC 1 for year-round operation in all polar waters to PC 7 for summer and autumn operation in thin first-year ice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Science Publishing</span>

Canadian Science Publishing (CSP) is Canada's largest publisher of international scientific journals. It started in 1929 as the NRC Research Press, part of the National Research Council (NRC). In 2010, the organization spun off from NRC and was incorporated as a not-for-profit.

The European Association of Science Editors is a non-profit membership organisation for people interested in science communication and editing. Founded in 1982, in France, EASE has an international membership.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic cooperation and politics</span> Between the eight Arctic nations

Arctic cooperation and politics are partially coordinated via the Arctic Council, composed of the eight Arctic states: the United States, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, and Denmark with Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The dominant governmental power in Arctic policy resides within the executive offices, legislative bodies, and implementing agencies of the eight Arctic countries, and to a lesser extent other countries, such as United Kingdom, Germany, European Union and China. NGOs and academia play a large part in Arctic policy. Also important are intergovernmental bodies such as the United Nations and NATO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic policy of the United States</span>

The Arctic policy of the United States is the foreign policy of the United States in regard to the Arctic region. In addition, the United States' domestic policy toward Alaska is part of its Arctic policy.

Sea transport accounts for most of the European Union's external and internal commerce. The EU is the world's third-largest importer of fisheries and aquaculture products and the fifth-largest producer. Maritime borders make up more than 70% of the Union's external borders, and hundreds of millions of travelers pass through European ports each year. The security of Europe's energy supply is heavily reliant on marine transit and infrastructure. The significant expansion of EU Member States' fleets, as well as suitable port infrastructure, contribute to a well-functioning energy market and supply security, and hence to European residents' and the European economy's overall well-being. The Arctic region is therefore a vital new area for the EU to work towards and a new strategy for the Arctic region that matches with the European Green deal was established in late 2021.

The Arctic Policy of China outlines China's approach to foreign relations with Arctic countries as well as its plans to develop infrastructure, extend military capabilities, conduct research, and excavate resources within the Arctic Circle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Post-2015 Development Agenda</span>

In the United Nations, the Post-2015 Development Agenda was a set of talks and discussion that led to the creation of the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals. This replaced the 2015 Millennium Development Goals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainable Development Goals</span> United Nations goals for people for 2030

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They were created with the aim of "peace and prosperity for people and the planet..." – while tackling climate change and working to preserve oceans and forests. The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainable development. Sustainability is at the center of the SDGs.

Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Terry</span> Canadian scholar, explorer and filmmaker

Dr. Mark Terry is a Canadian scholar, explorer, and filmmaker. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and is an adjunct professor in the Department of Communications and Culture, York University and the Faculty of Arts, Wilfrid Laurier University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic Economic Council</span> Independent international business membership organisation

The Arctic Economic Council (AEC) is an independent international business membership organisation representing companies that work with and within the Arctic. The AEC advocates sustainable economic development in the region and represents a business perspective on sustainability. The AEC is the only regional business organisation in the Arctic and has members from all eight Arctic states.

References

  1. ↑ "Britisk tænketank afviser at være partisk". knr.gl. 26 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  2. ↑ "Aleqa Hammond medlem af ny arktisk tænketank". KNR. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "Britisk tænketank afviser at være partisk". KNR. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "Aleqa medlem af ny arktisk tænketank". Sermitsiaq.AG. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  5. ↑ "Issittoq pillugu isumalioqatigiissitami nutaami Aleqa ilaasortaassaaq". Sermitsiaq.AG. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "Arktisk er ikke et "free-for-all"-anliggende". avalanneq.dk. 7 February 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017.
  7. ↑ Services, Northern News. "News Briefs". Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "Mission". Polar Research and Policy Initiative. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
  9. ↑ "Former Prime Minister of Greenland, Aleqa Hammond, launches UK's first 'Polar Regions' Think-tank". Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Engagement Forum". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  11. 1 2 "BRICS Engagement Forum". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  12. 1 2 "U.S. Chairmanship of the Arctic Council". 2009-2017.state.gov. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  13. ↑ "The Polar Connection - Home of Polar Research and Policy Initiative". The Polar Connection. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  14. ↑ "Natural Environment Archives | The Polar Connection". Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  15. ↑ "Maritime Environment Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "Built Environment Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  17. ↑ "Indigenous Peoples Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  18. ↑ "Arts, Culture and Heritage Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  19. ↑ "Geopolitics and Security Archives | The Polar Connection". Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  20. ↑ "Energy Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  21. ↑ "Mining Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  22. ↑ "Shipping Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  23. ↑ "Fisheries Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  24. ↑ "Tourism Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  25. ↑ "ICT Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  26. ↑ "Asia Pacific Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  27. ↑ "European Union Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  28. ↑ "Small Islands Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  29. ↑ "World Oceans Archives". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  30. ↑ "Written evidence - Polar Research and Policy Initiative". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  31. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ↑ "Scotland and the High North inquiry - UK Parliament". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  33. ↑ "Oral evidence - Scotland and the High North - 25 Jan 2017". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  34. ↑ "Written evidence - Professor Rachael Lorna Johnstone". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  35. ↑ "Written evidence - Polar Research and Policy Initiative". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  36. ↑ "Parliamentlive.tv". www.parliamentlive.tv. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  37. ↑ "Environment, energy and industry in the High North examined - News from Parliament - UK Parliament". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  38. ↑ "Written evidence - Polar Research and Policy Initiative". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  39. 1 2 "Closing the STEM skills gap inquiry - publications - UK Parliament". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  40. ↑ "Written evidence - Polar Research and Policy Initiative". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  41. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  42. ↑ "UK trade options beyond 2019: Government Response to the Committee's First Report of Session 2016–17 - International Trade Committee - House of Commons". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  43. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  45. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. ↑ "Advisory Board". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  47. ↑ "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) and in the Arctic". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  48. ↑ "Proceedings of 'SDGS in the Arctic' High-Level Dialogue Series, Session I: Arctic Circle Assembly 2017, Iceland". 4 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  49. ↑ "Side Events | Rovaniemi Arctic Spirit - Rovaniemiprocess". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  50. ↑ "Proceedings of 'SDGS in the Arctic' High-Level Dialogue Series, Session II: Arctic Spirit Conference 2017, Finland". 11 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  51. ↑ "3rd High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: Canada". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  52. ↑ "Exploring Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic - Bachelor of Environmental Science / Studies - Trent University". Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  53. ↑ "Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic - About - Trent University". www.trentu.ca. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  54. ↑ "4th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: Australia". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  55. ↑ "Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic Roundtable - AIIA". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  56. ↑ "5th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: UK". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  57. ↑ "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) in the Arctic: 5th High-Level Dialogue and Reception". 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  58. ↑ "6th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: US (Boston)". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  59. ↑ https://sites.tufts.edu/fletcherarctic/2018-conference-agenda/ [ dead link ]
  60. ↑ "Fletcher Arctic VII Conference speaks about science diplomacy, sustainability". 12 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  61. ↑ "7th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: US (Seattle)". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  62. ↑ "Arctic Encounter Symposium". Arctic Encounter Symposium. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  63. ↑ "Canadian Studies Center, Polar Research and Policy Initiative host high-level dialogue on Arctic Transportation". 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  64. ↑ "8th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: Norway". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  65. ↑ "8th High-Level Dialogue on 'SDGS in the Arctic': Sustainable Arctic Tourism". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  66. ↑ "Sustainable Development Goals in the Arctic: Sustainable Arctic Tourism". 4 May 2018. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  67. ↑ "Nordregio joins 8th High-Level Dialogue in Tromsø". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  68. ↑ http://www.publicnow.com/view/9A9B00B71E413959662B58A9D2B147B9C17F374E?2018-04-27-11:30:25+01:00-xxx9046 [ dead link ]
  69. ↑ "9th High-Level Dialogue on SDGS in the Arctic: Faroe Islands". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  70. ↑ "Arctic Circle". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  71. ↑ "Regional Security in the North: Emerging Themes and Challenges". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  72. ↑ "White River First Nation cut off from relatives by Alaska-Yukon border". 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  73. ↑ "Arctic Borders Governance: Emerging Themes and Challenges". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  74. ↑ Menezes, Dwayne Ryan (2017). "Canada, Indigenous Peoples and Northern Borders". The Round Table. 106 (5): 579–581. doi:10.1080/00358533.2017.1377905. S2CID   158593787.
  75. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  76. ↑ "Angry Inuk: Film Screening and Q&A with Film Director Alethea Arnaquq-Baril". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  77. ↑ "Angry Inuk - Film Screening and Q&A with Director Alethea Arnaquq-Baril". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  78. ↑ "Arctic sealing: Threat or blue prospect?". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  79. ↑ "Arctic sealing: Threat or blue prospect?". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  80. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  81. ↑ "November 24, 2017: Report from Arctic Sealing: Threat or blue prospect?". 24 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  82. ↑ "Which is more blue, Arctic sealing or the EU seal ban?". www.euractiv.com. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  83. ↑ "Northern Stars Seminar 2017". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  84. ↑ "innobarentslab.org". innobarentslab.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  85. ↑ "Northern Stars Seminar "Creative Entrepreneurship in the Arctic" 5.4.2017 – Arctic Business Winter School Blog". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  86. ↑ "The UK and the Arctic and Nordic Regions: Opportunities for Trade and Investment". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  87. ↑ "'Canada 150: What Lies Ahead' Lecture and Reception". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  88. ↑ "Who Rules the Arctic? Keynote Lecture with Tony Penikett, Former Premier of the Yukon". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  89. ↑ "Ice Camps and Icebreakers: The Challenges of Mapping the Arctic Seabed". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  90. ↑ "Sovereignty and Canada's Arctic Extended Continental Shelf". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  91. ↑ "The US and its Emerging Arctic Interest: Evening with Alice Rogoff". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  92. ↑ "2016 General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  93. ↑ "Austrian Polar Research Institute (APRI) Annual Meeting". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  94. ↑ "The Arctic - Emerging Importance of the Region for the Czech Republic". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  95. ↑ http://polarconnection.org/event/arctic-fisheries…ts-seminar-korea/ [ dead link ]
  96. ↑ http://polarconnection.org/event/arctic-energy-summit-2017/ [ dead link ]
  97. ↑ "Nic Craig". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  98. ↑ "Finland 100: Evening on Finland and Arctic Governance with Timo Koivurova". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  99. ↑ "Finland 100: Evening on Finland and Arctic Governance with Timo Koivurova". 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  100. ↑ "Finland 100: Evening on Finland and Arctic Governance with Timo Koivurova - 30/11/2017". 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.