In Malaysian politics, a political tsunami (Malay: tsunami politik), also known as political wave (Malay: gelombang politik) is a term that describes a sudden landslide victory in the elections. The term was popularised during the 2008 general elections. It is also describes a major and sudden change in political landscape. [1] [2]
Though the term was famous only during 2008 Malaysian general election, in fact, the prior election produced a landslide victory to Barisan Nasional. BN won 198 seats, the highest ever in Malaysian history.
Across the term, support for Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi gradually decreased. Entering the 2008 election, the opposition launched its campaign, advocating for a change of government. Later on, BN unexpectedly suffered major losses, failing to secure a two-thirds majority for the first time since 1969. [3] [4] Losing five states and left with only 140 seats, pressures rose as Abdullah was later asked to resign.
One notable factor in BN's defeat in the election is loss of support from ethnic minorities. Previously, Malaysian Chinese Association, Malaysian Indian Congress and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia were able to win many seats (MCA alone won more seats than the opposition combined in 2004). Chinese voters swung their votes towards the opposition, mainly to Democratic Action Party and People's Justice Party. This event was described as the "Chinese Tsunami" (Malay: Tsunami Cina) by political commentators. [5] [6]
The 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in Perikatan Nasional (PN) winning an unprecedented 73 (later 74) seats. [7] [8] Many of its gains were northern Peninsular seats that had been held by Barisan Nasional. For the first time, United Malays National Organisation failed to become largest individual party in the Dewan Rakyat after the Malaysian Islamic Party won 43 seats. PN won all but one seat across the northern states.
This result was only predicted during the last days of campaign. Prior to the polling day, PN was projected to become the third-largest alliance in the Dewan Rakyat, behind Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Harapan. However, PN's campaigning brought it to second place in the opinion polls. The party even won seats that had previously been BN or PH strongholds in southern states, such as Putrajaya (which BN had won since its creation) and Kapar and Kuala Langat (both PH safe seats). This outcome was dubbed the "Green Wave" (Malay: Gelombang Hijau) [note 1] (referring to PAS' official colour of green) by both the media and politicians, notably from DAP and PN. [9] [10]
The Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress is a political party in Malaysia which seeks to represent the interests of Muslim people of Indian descent in the country.
Dato' Seri Hamzah bin Zainudin is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 17th Leader of the Opposition since December 2022 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Larut since March 2008. He served as the Minister of Home Affairs for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021, Minister of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Deputy Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities and Deputy Minister of Housing and Local Government in the BN administration under former prime ministers Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and Najib Razak from March 2008 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018 as well as a senator from September 2000 to September 2006. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has also served as the 3rd Deputy President of BERSATU since November 2024. He has also served as Secretary-General of both BERSATU and PN since March 2020.
General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 19 November 2022. The prospect of snap elections had been considered high due to the political crisis that had been ongoing since 2020; political instability caused by coalition or party switching among members of Parliament, combined with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the resignation of two prime ministers and the collapse of each of their respective coalition governments since the 2018 general elections.
The National Alliance, officially Perikatan Nasional (PN), is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of right-wing political parties. Previously known as the Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia. It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat with 74 seats after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 81 seats.
Dato' Sri Ikmal Hisham bin Abdul Aziz is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tanah Merah since May 2013. He served as the Deputy Minister of Defence for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Hishammuddin Hussein from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister Ismail Sabri from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021. He is a Supreme Council Member and the Division Chief of Tanah Merah of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN and formerly Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalitions and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. After the defeat of BN to PH in 2018 general election, he resigned from UMNO in 2018 and joined BERSATU in 2019.
Abdul Rahman bin Mohamad is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Deputy Minister of Human Resources in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Steven Sim Chee Keong since December 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lipis since May 2013. He previously served as the Deputy Minister of Works under Minister Alexander Nanta Linggi from December 2022 to December 2023 prior to the 2023 cabinet reshuffle, Deputy Minister of Rural Development I in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Mahdzir Khalid from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and his first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister Abdul Latiff Ahmad from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021. He had also served as Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Padang Tengku from March 2004 to May 2013. He is a member and the Division Chief of Lipis of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.
The 2020 Sabah state election took place on 26 September 2020 to elect all 73 elected members of the 16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly. The previous Assembly was dissolved on 30 July 2020.
The Ismail Sabri cabinet was formed following the appointment of Ismail Sabri Yaakob as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 21 August 2021 and dissolved 15 months and 3 days later following the appointment of Anwar Ibrahim as Prime Minister on 24 November 2022. It was the 22nd cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. Following the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional (BN) has formed its first cabinet. This cabinet also has the full support of Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), three independent members of the Dewan Rakyat and conditional support of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.
The 2021 Malacca state election, formally the 15th Malacca state election, took place on 20 November 2021. This election was to elect 28 members of the 15th Malacca State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 4 October 2021.
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The 2022 Pahang state election, formally the 15th Pahang state election, took place on 19 November 2022. This election was to elect 42 members of the 15th Pahang State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 14 October 2022. The election for the Tioman was delayed to 7 December following the death of the Perikatan candidate.
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State elections in 2023 were held in Selangor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Penang on 12 August 2023, following the dissolution of their state assemblies between 22 June and 1 July 2023.
The 15th Penang state election was held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Penang State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Penang.
The 15th Negeri Sembilan state election was held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan.
The 15th Terengganu state election were held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Terengganu State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu.
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The 15th Kelantan state election were held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Kelantan State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Kelantan.
Green Wave, also known as Green Tsunami, is a political phenomenon that has taken place in Malaysia since the 2022 Malaysian general election. This political phenomenon involves Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and its ultraconservative voters, who mainly originate from the northeastern and northwestern parts of Peninsular Malaysia. Ideologically, the phenomenon mostly concerns a far-right, authoritarian and ultranationalist movement that espouses increased Malay-Muslim hegemony in Malaysian politics as well as further intimidation and marginalisation of Malaysia's minority groups and religions.
Mohd Yusop bin Majid is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Ariffin Deraman as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Permaisuri since August 2023. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Setiu from March 2004 to March 2008. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the PN coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.