Porophryne

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Porophryne
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Antennariidae
Subfamily: Histiophryninae
Genus: Porophryne
R. J. Arnold, R. G. Harcourt & Pietsch, 2014 [1] '
Species:
P. erythrodactylus
Binomial name
Porophryne erythrodactylus
R. J. Arnold, R. G. Harcourt & Pietsch, 2014

Porophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Porophryne erythrodactylus, the red-fingered anglerfish, red-footed frogfish, Bare Island anglerfish or Sydney anglerfish, which is endemism to the waters off New South Wales in eastern Australia. Both the species and the genus were first described in 2014.

Contents

Taxonomy

Porophryne was first proposed as a genus in 2014 by Rachel J. Arnold, Robert Geoffrey Harcourt and Theodore Wells Pietsch III when they described the new species P. erythrodactylus, which they also designated as the type species of the new genus. [2] P. erthrodactylus was originally photographed by Harcourt and sent to the Australian Museum for identification but staff at the Museum could not identify it so the image was sent to Pietsch, an expert in anglerfishes, for idenitification. Pietsch suggested that it was not only a new species but a new genus too and requested that a specimen be collected. Harcourt, and two friends, obtained permits to collect specimens from the Department of Primary Industries in New South Wales, finding a single specimen which was sent to be formally described by Arnold, Harcourt and Pietsch. [3] P. eryhthrogaster has its type locality given as New South Wales, Botany Bay, Kurnell. [4] This genus is a sister genus of Kuiterichthys . Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Histiophryninae within the family Antennariidae., [1] while others recognise it as the family Histiophrynidae. [5] However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Antennariidae, classifying the family within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. [6]

Etymology

Porophryne combines poro, meaning "having pores", an allusion to the black spots on the head and body of the majority of individuals, these resemble the pores, oscula of the sponges it lives among, with phryne, which means "toad", a suffix commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera, dating back to Aristotle and Cicero, who called anglerfishes "fishing frogs" or sea frogs". The poro part may also refer to the Porifera spones that make uo the primary habitat of this fish. The specific name erythrodactylus means "red fingers" referring to the red colour at the tips of the fin rays of the pectoral fins and some of the other fins. [7]

Description

Porophryneis separated from its sister genus, Kuiterichthys, in the possession of an completely different morphology of the second dorsal spine. In this genus it is slender at its base, suddenly expanded to the sides and becoming almost quadrangular. There is an obvious tuft of filaments, typically brightly in colour, on the midline of the lower lip, this maybe an additional lure, a feature not known from any other anglerfish. All 9 fin rays in the caudal fin are forked and there are 13 soft rays on the dorsal fin and 7 in the anal fin. The whole body is covered in dermal denticles, apart from the black spots. [1] The illicium, or first dorsal spine, is equal in length to the second dorsal spine. The large and oval shaped esca, or lure, is tipped by two tufts of short filaments. [8] This fish has two colour colour phases; one is grey with scattered black spots, lacking denticles, on the head and body; the other may be orange or red or pink or white, or a combination of these colours, without the black spots but with appendages on the skin. [9] The red-fingered anglerfish has a maximum published Standard length of 7.4 cm (2.9 in). [10]

Distribution and habitat

Porophryne is known only from the waters off New South Wales at scattered localities between Sydney Harbour and Jervis Bay, [9] these include Indian Point, Botany Bay at 6 m (20 ft) in depth, Bare Island sponge gardens at 14 m (46 ft), South Head at 10 m (33 ft), one guarding eggs at Bass Point Shellharbour and the Middleground in Jervis Bay at 24 m (79 ft). [3] The red-fingered anglerfish is typically found rocky-reef habitats below the low tide mark, dominated by leafy and filamentous seaweed such as Zonaria , Corallina , Amphiroa , and Laurencia , frequentky with an admixture of Sargassum sppand Ecklonia radiata . The vertical or sloping walls on the deeper edges of nearby reefs are inhabited by ascidians, corals and sponges, these include Spongia sp., Tedania anhelans , Ephydatia fluviatilis , Darwinella australiensis , Chondrilla australiensis , Mycale australis and Holopsamma laminaefavosa . It has its closest association with small sponges. [10] The fish achieves camouflage by looking like the algae-covered sponges found in its rocky, subtidal habitat. [11]

Biology

Porophryne is oviparous and the eggs are guarded after laying, similar to other temperate starfingered anglerfishes. [9]

Related Research Articles

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Frogfishes are any member of the anglerfish family Antennariidae, of the order Lophiiformes. Antennariids are known as anglerfish in Australia, where the term "frogfish" refers to members of the unrelated family Batrachoididae. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sargassum fish</span> Species of fish

The sargassum fish, anglerfish, or frog fish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes, the only species in the genus Histrio. It lives among Sargassum seaweed which floats in subtropical oceans. The scientific name comes from the Latin histrio meaning a stage player or actor and refers to the fish's feeding behaviour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocellated frogfish</span> Species of fish

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glauert's anglerfish</span> Species of fish

Glauert's anglerfish is species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Allenichthys. This species is endemic to southern Australia.

<i>Histiophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Histiophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are found in waters ranging from Taiwan to South Australia. There are currently five known species. These fishes are easily distinguished from other anglerfishes as having a reduced luring appendage, a highly evolved form of the first dorsal fin spine.

Butler's frogfish, Butler's anglerfish or the blackspot anglerfish, is a rare species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only member of its genus, this species is the most derived member of its family and represents a separate lineage from all other frogfishes, leading to some consideration of it being placed in its own family, the Tathicarpidae, this name being proposed by Pamela B. Hart et al in 2022. It is found off the southern coast of New Guinea, and along the coasts of Western Australia to 33° S latitude, the Northern Territory, and Queensland to 22° S latitude. A benthic species, it inhabits inshore tropical waters and coral reefs to a maximum depth of 145 m (476 ft), though most are found shallower than 45 m (148 ft). Its specific epithet honours its discoverer Dr. A. Graham Butler.

<i>Antennarius</i> Genus of fishes

Antennarius is a genus of anglerfish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in warmer parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Antennatus</i> Genus of fishes

Antennatus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Echinophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Echinophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are endemic to the waters off Australia.

<i>Fowlerichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Fowlerichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Kuiterichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Kuiterichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to Australia.

<i>Lophiocharon</i> Genus of fishes

Lophiocharon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are found in the eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Nudiantennarius</i> Species of fish

Nudiantennarius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Nudiantennarius subteres, the deepwater frogfish. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Phyllophryne</i> Species of fish

Phyllophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Phyllophryne scortea, the white-spotted anglerfish, smooth anglerfish or smooth frogfish, which is endemic to southern Australia.

<i>Rhycherus</i> Genus of fishes

Rhycherus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are endemic to the waters off Australia. This genus is classified in the monogeneric family Rhycheridae, the Balrog frogfishes, by some authorities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted frogfish</span> Species of fish

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<i>Echinophryne crassispina</i> Species of fish

Echinophryne crassispina, the prickly anglerfish, prickly frogfish or thick-spined anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia.

<i>Echinophryne mitchellii</i> Species of fish

Echinophryne mitchellii, the long-spined frogfish, bristly frogfish, Mitchell's anglerfish, Mitchell's frogfish, prickly angler fish or spinycoat anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia.

<i>Lophiocharon trisignatus</i> Species of fish

Lophiocharon trisignatus, the spot-tail anglerfish, rough anglerfish or three-spot frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histiophryninae</span> Subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes

Histiophryninae, the star-fingered frogfishes, is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The species in this family are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Arnold, R.J.; Harcourt, R. & Pietsch, T.W. (2014). "A New Genus and Species of the Frogfish Family Antennariidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennarioidei) from New South Wales, Australia, with a Diagnosis and Key to the Genera of the Histiophryninae". Copeia. 2014 (3): 534–539. doi:10.1643/ci-13-155. S2CID   83936725.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Histiophrynidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  3. 1 2 "Red-fingered Anglerfish, Porophryne erythrodactylus Arnold, Harcourt & Pietsch, 2014". Australian Museum. 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Porophryne". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  5. ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2024). "Histiophrynidae" in FishBase . February 2024 version.
  6. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  8. ↑ "Porophryne erythrodactylus Bare Island Anglerfish (Red-footed Frogfish, Sydney Frogfish)". www.frogfish.ch. Tersa Zubi. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 Bray, D.J. (2023). "Porophryne erythrodactylus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  10. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2024). "Porophrtyne erthrodactylus" in FishBase . February 2024 version.
  11. ↑ Quentin Wheeler (17 May 2015). "New to nature No 141: Porophryne erythrodactylus". the Guardian. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
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