Brewer's cinquefoil | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Potentilla |
Species: | P. breweri |
Binomial name | |
Potentilla breweri Egger & S. Malaby | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Potentilla breweri is a species of Potentilla known by the common name Brewer's cinquefoil.
It is native to western North America, with populations scattered from southern Washington to south-central California and from the Pacific cordillera inland to the mountains of the Great Basin. Its greatest population density occurs in the Sierra Nevada, the high Cascade Ranges, and Steens Mountain. [2]
P. breweri is a herbaceous perennial or near-subshrub growing from a sturdy, branched woody caudex. Its leaves are pinnately compound and covered in soft, tangled, woolly hairs, giving them a more or less silver-blue color. The exact shape of the leaf and the degree of hairiness can vary substantially between early-season leaves and those produced later in the year. The inflorescences are cymose and usually bear 2-15 flowers. Like most Potentilla species, its flowers have five bright yellow petals, 15 stamens, and numerous separate pistils, and are adapted for generalist pollination. Each flower produces a cluster of achenes if successfully pollinated. [2]
It is a taxonomically difficult species that appears to hybridize frequently with other Potentilla spp. The boundaries of the resulting species complex are poorly-understood.
The plants are found in high-montane to subalpine meadow openings. They prefer seasonally-wet habitats with little competition for sunlight, such as rocky meadows and rock crevices, and are often found near lakes and streams. They range in altitude from 1,500 to 3,600 metres (4,900 to 11,800 ft). [2] [3]
The P. breweri complex (P. breweri, P. drummondii, and P. bruceae) was one of the case studies used in Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey's biosystematic work. [4]
Holodiscus discolor, commonly known as ocean spray or oceanspray, creambush, or ironwood, is a shrub of western North America.
Ceanothus integerrimus, known by the common name deer brush, is a species of woody shrub in the family Rhamnaceae, native to the western United States in Arizona, New Mexico, California, Oregon, and Washington. It grows in montane chaparral and woodlands regions, in hardwood forests, and in fir, spruce, and Ponderosa pine plant communities, being most abundant in the California chaparral and woodlands and Sierra Nevada.
Calycanthus occidentalis, commonly called spice bush or western sweetshrub, is a species of flowering shrub in the family Calycanthaceae that is native to California and, according to some sources, Washington state. It grows along streams and moist canyons in the foothills of mountains.
Helenium autumnale is a North American species of poisonous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include common sneezeweed and large-flowered sneezeweed.
Allium campanulatum is a species of wild onion known by the common name dusky onion or Sierra onion. This is a flowering plant native to the western United States from southeastern Washington and northern Oregon to southern California, and western Nevada. The dusky onion grows in foothills and mountains, especially in dry areas, such as chaparral habitats.
Anemone drummondii is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, known by the common name Drummond's anemone. It is native to mountains in western North America.
Cirsium occidentale, with the common name cobweb thistle or cobwebby thistle, is a North American species of thistle in the family Asteraceae.
Scoliopus, or fetid adderstongue, is a genus of plant within the family Liliaceae consisting of two species, Scoliopus bigelovii and S. hallii. Both are found in deep shaded forests, primarily in the coastal counties of the western United States from central California to northern Oregon. The name "Scoliopus" derives from the Greek words skolios and pous, meaning curved foot, a reference to the shape of the pedicel. Taxonomists believe that Scoliopus is closely related to Calochortus, Prosartes, Streptopus and Tricyrtis, which all have creeping rhizomes as well as styles that divide at the tip.
Allium cratericola is a species of wild onion known by the common name Cascade onion. It is endemic to California, where is an uncommon member of the flora in several of the state's mountain ranges, including the northern and southern California Coast Ranges, the western Transverse Ranges, Klamath Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada foothills. Its range covers much of the state, from Riverside County to Siskiyou County.
Calandrinia breweri is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Brewer's redmaids.
Holocarpha heermannii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Heermann's tarweed. It is endemic to California.
Mitella breweri is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common names Brewer's mitrewort and Brewer's bishop's cap. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to central California and Nevada, where it grows in moist meadows, woods, and mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to about 30 or 40 centimeters tall. Most of the leaves occur around the base of the stem. They have rounded blades several centimeters wide and edges divided into dull toothed lobes. The erect inflorescence bears several flowers, sometimes over 50, usually along one side of the stem. The distinctive flower is saucer-shaped with five greenish petals which are divided into narrow, whiskerlike lobes.
Potentilla drummondii is a species of cinquefoil known by the common name Drummond's cinquefoil. It is native to North America from Alaska to California, where it grows in many types of moist habitat. It is perhaps better described as a species complex containing many intergrading subspecies that readily hybridize with other Potentilla species. The plant is variable, growing decumbent or erect, small and tufted or up to 60 centimeters tall, hairless to woolly. The leaves are divided into several leaflets, which may be cut into lobes or toothed. The inflorescence is a cyme of several flowers. Each has a small corolla of yellow petals, each petal one half to one centimeter in length.
Potentilla flabellifolia is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names high mountain cinquefoil, fanleaf cinquefoil and fan-foil.
Potentilla grayi is a species of cinquefoil known by the common name Gray's cinquefoil.
Potentilla morefieldii is a species of cinquefoil known by the common name Morefield's cinquefoil. It is endemic to eastern California, where it is known from just a few occurrences in the White Mountains. It grows in rocky habitat such as talus in alpine climates. This cinquefoil was considered part of the Potentilla drummondii complex until 1992, when it was separated and elevated to species status. This is a small tufted plant with hairy or woolly foliage. The leaves are each made up of several overlapping pairs of lobed leaflets which are green and rough-haired on the upper surfaces and white and woolly-haired underneath. The inflorescence is a cyme of up to 15 flowers with bright yellow petals.
Deinandra mohavensis, commonly known as Mojave tarplant or Mojave tarweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
Potentilla basaltica is a species of flowering plant in the rose family known by the common names Soldier Meadows cinquefoil and basalt cinquefoil. It is endemic to a small area of the Modoc Plateau and Warner Mountains in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada.
Harvey Monroe Hall was an American botanist particularly noted for his taxonomic work in the western United States.
Drymocallis fissa, the bigflower cinquefoil, also known as the leafy cinquefoil, leafy drymocallis, or wood beauty, is a small plant also sometimes classified as Potentilla fissa. It is a herbaceous plant with a thick taproot known for its moderately hairy leaves, redish leaf stems, and relatively large yellow flowers. It is native to foothills and lower mountains the Rocky Mountain region in the western United States.