The military dictatorship in Brazil,occasionally referred to as the Fifth Brazilian Republic,was established on 1 April 1964,after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces,with support from the United States government,against president João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years,until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military,along with conservative sectors in society,like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime,particularly after the Institutional Act No. 5 in 1968,practiced extensive censorship and committed human rights abuses,including institutionalized torture and extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. Despite initial pledges to the contrary,the military regime enacted a new,restrictive Constitution in 1967,and stifled freedom of speech and political opposition. The regime adopted nationalism,economic development,and anti-communism as its guidelines.
Artur da Costa e Silva was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Brazilian Army,and held the post of Minister of War in the military government of President Castelo Branco.
Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco was a Brazilian military leader and dictator. He served as the first president of the Brazilian military dictatorship after the 1964 military coup d'etat. He was a member of a more liberal "legalist" faction within the regime,as opposed to his more authoritarian successor.
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1,1964,ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985). The coup took the form of a military rebellion,the declaration of vacancy in the presidency by the National Congress on April 2,the formation of a military junta and the exile of the president on April 4. In his place,Ranieri Mazzilli,the president of the Chamber of Deputies,took over until the election by Congress of general Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco,one of the main leaders of the coup.
The National Renewal Alliance was a far-right political party that existed in Brazil between 1966 and 1979. It was the official party of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985.
Indirect presidential elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1966 through an electoral college system. It was the second election during the Brazilian military government,with Artur da Costa e Silva as the sole candidate. Costa e Silva was elected with 295 votes from the ruling National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA).
Events in the year 1967 in Brazil.
Events in the year 1969 in Brazil.
Events in the year 1966 in Brazil.
Events in the year 1965 in Brazil.
Events of the year 1968 in Brazil
Events in the year 1970 in Brazil.
With the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état,on April 2 the National Congress of Brazil declared the presidency of the Republic occupied by João Goulart vacant. Since the vacancy was foreseen for the president's departure from the country without the authorization of Congress,which was not the case,the act had no constitutional support. However,it formalized the coup,transferring the post to the president of the Chamber of Deputies,Ranieri Mazzilli,until the indirect election of General Castelo Branco,the first military president of the dictatorship (1964-1985),days later.
Amaury Kruel was a Brazilian military officer and politician who served as officer of the General Staff of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) in 1944–1945,head of the Federal Office of Public Security (DFSP) in 1957–1959 and Minister of War in 1962–1963. Despite initially supporting president João Goulart,Kruel later switched sides and was one of the main participants in the 1964 coup d'état at the head of the 2nd Army,from 1963 to 1966. He reached the rank of army general,being promoted to marshal when he retired. He was then a federal deputy for Guanabara from 1967 to 1971.
The presidency of Ernesto Geisel began with the inauguration of General Ernesto Geisel as President of the Republic on March 15,1974 and ended on March 15,1979 when General João Figueiredo took office.
The presidency of Emílio Médici began on October 30,1969,after General Emílio Garrastazu Médici won the 1969 presidential election,and ended on January 31,1974,when Ernesto Geisel took office.
The armed struggle against the Brazilian military dictatorship involved several actions promoted by different left-wing groups between 1968 and 1972,the most severe phase of the regime. Despite its resistance aspect,the majority of the groups that participated in the armed struggle aimed to achieve a socialist revolution in Brazil,inspired by the Chinese and Cuban revolutions. Although some actions were held between 1965 and 1967,the confrontation deepened after the proclamation of Institutional Act Number Five (AI-5) in 1968.
Paulo Egydio Martins was a Brazilian businessman and politician affiliated with the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). He was governor of the state of São Paulo between 1975 and 1979 during Brazil's military dictatorship.
