The Jiaqing Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing,born Aisin-Gioro Yongyan,was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty,and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper,from 1796 to 1820. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign,he prosecuted Heshen,the corrupt Manchu favorite of his father,and attempted to restore order within the Qing Empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China.
The Qiánlóng Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Gāozōng of Qing,born Aisin-Gioro Hongli,was the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor,he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. In 1796,he abdicated in favour of his son,the Jiaqing Emperor,out of filial piety towards his grandfather,the Kangxi Emperor,who ruled for 61 years,so that he not officially usurp him as the longest-reigning emperor. Despite his retirement,however,the Qianlong Emperor retained ultimate power as the Emperor Emeritus until his death in 1799,making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived,having died at the age of 87. He was respected as the "Emperor Manjushri" (文殊皇帝) by Tibetans.
The Niohuru were a prominent Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty. The clan had inhabited the Changbai Mountains since as early as the Liao dynasty. The clan was well known during the Qing dynasty for producing a variety of consorts of all ranks for emperors,several of whom went on to become mothers to reigning emperors. Prominent people who belonged or trace heritage to the Niohuru clan including famed Manchu warrior Eidu,his son the high official Ebilun,the Empress Dowager Ci'an,the infamous corrupt official Heshen,the contemporary concert pianist Lang Lang and Lang Tsuyun,Taiwanese TV,movie and stage actress,singer and producer
Kunqu,also known as Kunju (崑劇),K'un-ch'ü,Kun opera or Kunqu Opera,is one of the oldest extant forms of Chinese opera. It evolved from a music style local to Kunshan,part of the Wu cultural area,and later came to dominate Chinese theater from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It has been listed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Wei Liangfu refined the musical style of kunqu,and it gained widespread popularity when Liang Chenyu used the style in his drama Huansha ji. In 2006,it was listed on the first national intangible cultural heritage list. In 2008,it was included in the List of Representative Works of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In December 2018,the General Office of the Ministry of Education announced that Peking University is the base for inheriting excellent traditional Chinese culture in Kunqu.
The Yonghe Temple,also known as the Yonghe Lamasery,or popularly as the Lama Temple,is a temple and monastery of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism located on 12 Yonghegong Street,Dongcheng District,Beijing,China. The building and artwork of the temple is a combination of Han Chinese and Tibetan styles. This building is one of the largest Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in China proper. The current abbot is Lama Hu Xuefeng.
Heshen (Manchu:ᡥᡝᡧᡝᠨ, Möllendorff:Hešen;Chinese:和珅;pinyin:Héshēn;Wade–Giles:Ho2-shen1;1 July 1750 –22 February 1799) of the Manchu Niohuru clan,was an official of the Qing dynasty favored by the Qianlong Emperor and called the most corrupt official in Chinese history. After the death of Qianlong,the Jiaqing Emperor confiscated Heshen's wealth and forced him to commit suicide. As an official,he acquired an estimated at 1.1 billion taels of silver,equal to roughly US$270 billion. Heshen is remembered as one of the richest men in history.
Chinese imperial cuisine is derived from a variety of cooking styles of the regions in China,mainly from the cuisines of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. The style originated from various Emperors' Kitchen and the Empress Dowagers' Kitchen,and it is similar to Beijing cuisine which it heavily influenced.
The Grand Council or Junji Chu,officially the Banli Junji Shiwu Chu,was an important policy-making body of China during the Qing dynasty. It was established in 1733 by the Yongzheng Emperor. The council was originally in charge of military affairs,but gradually attained a more important role and eventually attained the role of a privy council,eclipsing the Grand Secretariat in function and importance,which is why it has become known as the "Grand Council" in English.
Ortai (1680–1745) was the first Earl Xiangqin. He was an eminent Manchu official from the Sirin Gioro clan,belonging to the Bordered Blue Banner,during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). He served both the Yongzheng Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor. Ortai governed the southwestern region of the Qing empire,Yun-Gui,from around 1726–1731,and was responsible for putting down several Miao uprisings. He fell ill and died in 1745.
The Prince Chun Mansion,also known as the Northern Mansion,is a large residence in the siheyuan style with lavish private garden located near the Shichahai neighborhood in central Beijing. The grounds had been part of a villa built by Mingju,an official in the court of Emperor Kangxi. It would later be seized by Heshen,a favorite of Emperor Qianlong,and following Heshen's purge and execution in 1799,it would be bestowed on Yongxing,Prince Cheng,by his brother,the Emperor Jiaqing,and the mansion was renovated. The mansion would change hands several times,eventually ending up as the residence of a minor Qing official named Yusu. In 1888,was granted to Yixuan,Prince Chun,the biological father of the Emperor Guangxu,by his sister-in-law,Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1891,the First Prince Chun died,and his title and the mansion was inherited by his second surviving son,Zaifeng. It was at the mansion,in 1906,Puyi,the last Qing emperor,was born to Zaifeng.
Princess Hexiao of the First Rank,personal name unknown,was a Manchu princess of the Qing dynasty. She was the tenth and youngest daughter of the Qianlong Emperor. Her mother was Consort Dun.
The Palace of Tranquil Longevity,literally,"peaceful old age palace", also called the Qianlong Garden,Qianlong Palace,Qianlong District or the Palace of Tranquility and Longevity,is a palace in Beijing,China,located in the northeast corner of the Inner Court of the Forbidden City.
The Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers,also known as the Council of Princes and High Officials and Assembly of Princes and High Officials,or simply as the Deliberative Council,was an advisory body for the emperors of the early Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Derived from informal deliberative groups created by Nurhaci (1559–1626) in the 1610s and early 1620s,the Council was formally established by his son and successor Hong Taiji (1592–1643) in 1626 and expanded in 1637. Staffed mainly by Manchu dignitaries,this aristocratic institution served as the chief source of advice on military matters for Hong Taiji and the Shunzhi and Kangxi emperors. It was particularly powerful during the regencies of Dorgon (1643–1650) and Oboi (1661–1669),who used it to enhance their personal influence.
The history of the Qing dynasty began in 1636,when Manchu chieftain Hong Taiji founded the dynasty,and lasted until 1912,when Puyi abdicated the throne in response to the Xinhai Revolution. The final imperial dynasty of China,the Qing dynasty reached heights of power unlike any of the Chinese dynasties which preceded it,engaging in large-scale territorial expansion which ended with embarrassing defeat and humiliation to the foreign powers whom they believe to be inferior to them. The Qing dynasty's inability to successfully counter Western and Japanese imperialism ultimately led to its downfall,and the instability which emerged in China during the final years of the dynasty ultimately paved the way for the Warlord Era.
The Guo Moruo Residence (郭沫若故居) is the former residence of Guo Moruo (1892–1978) in West Qianhai Street,Dongcheng District,Beijing,China.
Qing poetry refers to the poetry of or typical of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). Classical Chinese poetry continued to be the major poetic form of the Qing dynasty,during which the debates,trends and widespread literacy of the Ming period began to flourish once again after a transitional period during which the Qing dynasty had established its dominance. Also,popular versions of Classical Chinese poetry were transmitted through Qing dynasty anthologies,such as the collections of Tang poetry known as the Quantangshi and the Three Hundred Tang Poems. The poetry of the Qing Dynasty has an ongoing and growing body of scholarly literature associated with its study. Both the poetry of the Ming dynasty and the poetry of the Qing dynasty are studied for poetry associated with Chinese opera,the developmental trends of Classical Chinese poetry and the transition to the more vernacular type of Modern Chinese poetry,as well as poetry by women in Chinese culture.
Yun'e,born Yin'e,was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty of China. He was a relatively unremarkable prince who was primarily known to be a crony of his older brother Yunsi.
Yonglin,formally known as Prince Qing,was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China.
Aisin Gioro Hongjiao was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the fourth son of Yinxiang,Prince Yixian of the First Rank and Kangxi Emperor's grandson. In 1730,he was granted a title of Prince Ning of the Second Rank. As the title was not granted iron-cap status,each successive bearer would hold diminished ranks vis-a-vis his predecessor.
Xifu,also known as Chinese opera costume in English,are the stage clothes and attire worn in Chinese opera,such as Kunqu,Cantonese opera,Beijing opera,Huangmei opera. Some of these costumes bear some resemblance to the Hanfu system but also show some differences in terms of clothing ornaments and decorations,as well as colour system,and in design and construction. In 2006,the techniques used to produce Beijing opera costumes were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.
