Pristimantis piceus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Strabomantidae |
Genus: | Pristimantis |
Subgenus: | Pristimantis |
Species: | P. piceus |
Binomial name | |
Pristimantis piceus | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Pristimantis piceus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central between the Antioquia Department in the north and the Cauca Department in the south. [1] [2] [4] Many specimens are black in color, and the specific name piceus [3] is Latin meaning "pitch-black". [5]
Adult males measure 29–41 mm (1.1–1.6 in) and adult females 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is long, subacuminate in the dorsal view, and rounded in the lateral profile. The tympanum is distinct, but the supra-tympanic fold obscures its upper edge. The skin of the dorsum has numerous minute, low warts. The dorso-lateral fold is not present. The venter is areolate. The fingers have lateral keels and discs. The toes have fleshy keels and discs that are smaller than the finger discs. Coloration is variable, usually uniformly black, reddish-brown, or dark brown with a pale blue peri-ocular ring. Many specimens have orange spots on the flanks. The margin of the mandible usually shows some White flecks. The iris is black, chocolate, or dull bronze, with yellowish flecks. Males have large, sub-gular vocal sac. [3]
When disturbed, these frogs may secrete a white or blue-white mucus. Presumably, this sticky secretion serves defensive purposes. [3]
Pristimantis piceus occur in the cloud forest, sub-páramo, and páramo habitats [1] [4] at elevations of 2,400–3,400 m (7,900–11,200 ft) above sea level. [4] They are at active night when they can be found on vegetation, especially in open areas on top of weeds. During the day, they occur on the ground, among low grass, or under logs and rocks. [1]
It is a relatively widespread and common species that can locally suffer from habitat loss caused by deforestation, agriculture development, and illegal crops. It occurs in several protected areas. [1]
Atopophrynus is a genus of frogs. It is monotypic, being represented by a single species, Atopophrynus syntomopus, also known as the Sonson frog. Its taxonomic placement within the superfamily Brachycephaloidea is uncertain, although many sources place it in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from its type series from Sonsón, in the Cordillera Central, Antioquia Department.
Pristimantis bacchus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the western slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in the Santander Department, Colombia. In a loose reference to its blood-red eyes, this species is named for the Roman God of Wine. Common name wine robber frog has been coined for it.
Pristimantis factiosus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central in Colombia and only known from near its type locality, El Estadero in Samaná, Caldas Department, and from Anorí, Antioquia Department. The IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, however, has mapped its distribution as continuous between these locations. The specific name factiosus refers to sexual dimorphism in coloration of the flanks.
Pristimantis leptolophus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of the Colombian Massif and Cordillera Central in the departments of Cauca and Huila. The specific name leptolophus is derived from Greek leptos ("thin") and lophos ("crest") and refers to the low dorsolateral folds of this frog. Common name volcano robber frog has been coined for it.
Pristimantis obmutescens is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of Cordillera Central in the Cauca and Huila Departments. Common name paramos robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name obmutescens is Latin and means "keeping silent", inferred from the lack of vocal slits or sac in males and the thick skin covering the tympanum. Despite this, the species is reported to call.
Pristimantis paisa is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the Cordillera Central in the Antioquia Department. The specific name refers to the inhabitants of the area where this frog occurs, called paisas.
Pristimantis permixtus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia where it is found on the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central in Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca departments.
Pristimantis polemistes is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the vicinity of its type locality in Urrao, Antioquia Department, on the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental. The specific name polemistes is Greek for "warrior" and refers to the insurgents that operated in the area of the type locality.
Pristimantis pycnodermis, also known as thickskin robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Ecuadorean Andes and occurs in the Cordillera de Matanga in the Azuay and Morona-Santiago Provinces. The specific name pycnodermis is Greek and means "thick skin", a characteristic of this species.
Pristimantis racemus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of Cordillera Central along the Valle del Cauca–Tolima Department borderland north to the Quindío Department. Common name Las Hermosas robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name racemus is Latin and means "a bunch of berries", and refers to the warty skin of this species.
Pristimantis repens, known commonly as the Galeras robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Colombian Massif in the Nariño Department, Colombia. The specific name repens is Latin for creeping or crawling, inferred to be its mode of locomotion based on its short limbs.
Serranobatrachus ruthveni is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the north-western slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the Magdalena Department, northern Colombia. The specific name ruthveni honors Alexander Grant Ruthven, an American herpetologist. Common name Ruthven's robber frog has been coined for this species.
Pristimantis scoloblepharus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from three localities in the Cordillera Central in the Antioquia Department. The specific name scoloblepharus is derived from Greek skolos (=pointed) and blepharis (=eyelash) and refers to the large tubercle in its eyelid. Common name Los Patos robber frog has been coined for it.
Pristimantis scopaeus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima and Quindío Departments. Pristimantis scopaeus is a dwarf species: adult males in the type series were first mistaken for juveniles of Pristimantis simoteriscus, which itself already is a small species. The specific name scopaeus is Latinization of the Greek skopaios, meaning "dwarf".
Pristimantis simoteriscus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima, Quindío, and Caldas Departments. There is also an unconfirmed record from the Valle del Cauca Department. The specific name simoteriscus is diminutive of simoterus, chosen because adult P. simoteriscus resemble juvenile individuals of Pristimantis simoterus.
Pristimantis simoterus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Central in the Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima Departments. Common name Albania robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name simoterus is derived from Greek simos meaning "snub-nosed", in reference to the short snout of this species.
Pristimantis supernatis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Cordillera Central, Colombia, from Nevado del Huila southward to the Colombian Massif and the Carchi Province in northern Ecuador. Some sources report records from further north (Antioquia), but others attribute these to Pristimantis permixtus. Common name El Carmelo robber frog has been coined for this species.
Pristimantis uranobates is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central as well as on the western slopes of Cordillera Occidental in Tolima, Quindío, Caldas, Risaralda, and Antioquia Departments. The specific name uranobates is derived from Greek ouranos and bates, meaning "one who haunts the heavens". This refers to "the lofty habitat of the species in the Los Nevados district of Colombia". Common name Caldas robber frog has been coined for it.
Pristimantis veletis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the vicinity of its type locality in Samaná and Pensilvania municipalities in the Caldas Department, on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central. The specific name veletis is Latin from "skirmisher". It alludes to the resemblance of the color pattern of this frog to the camouflage clothing of the guerillas that were present in the area of the type locality, as well as to the chin pattern that loosely resembles the chevrons in some military uniforms.
Pristimantis zophus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from the eastern slopes of the northern Cordillera Central in the Antioquia Department. The specific name is derived from Greek zophus, meaning "darkness" or "gloom". It refers to the drab coloration of this frog, as well as its habit of becoming active after the sunset.