Promecognathus laevissimus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Family: | Carabidae |
Genus: | Promecognathus |
Species: | P. laevissimus |
Binomial name | |
Promecognathus laevissimus (Dejean, 1829) | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Eripus laevissimus, Promecognathus debilis |
Promecognathus laevissimus, also known as the smooth millipede hunter, [2] is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in western North America, including Oregon, California, and Nevada. [1]
P. laevissimus is closely related to Promecognathus crassus . Like P. crassus, P. laevissimus uses its large jaws to feed on millipedes, including those that produce hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde, like Xystocheir dissecta . It has a high tolerance to these toxins. [3]
Adult P. laevissimus are glossy black beetles 5–18 millimetres (0.20–0.71 in) long with long jaws and a narrow thorax. They are nocturnal. [2]
Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal families. They belong to the Adephaga. Members of the family are primarily carnivorous, but some members are herbivorous or omnivorous.
Anchomenus quadratus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in British Columbia, Canada and the U.S. states such as California, Oregon, and Washington.
Bembidion constricticolle is a species of beetles in the family Carabidae. It is found in Alberta, Canada and the United States.
Bembidion salebratum is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.
Bembidion nitidum is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.
Bembidion zephyrum is a species of ground beetle found in British Columbia, Canada and California, Oregon and Washington of the United States.
Promecognathus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are at least two described species in Promecognathus. Both species of Promecognathus are known to predate upon Xystocheir dissecta, which is a species of flat-backed millipede that produces hydrogen cyanide as a chemical defense. The beetles do not avoid exposure to the defense, meaning they are likely physically resistant to hydrogen cyanide.
Lebia calliope is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Guatemala, Mexico and the U.S. state of Texas.
Abaris splendidula is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Baja California as well as Arizona and Mexico. It lives in cool and dry habitats.
Lebia esurialis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Mexico, on Cuba and Bahamas as well as in such U.S. states as Louisiana and Texas.
Lebia bivittata is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Mexico and the United States.
Lebia atriceps is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America
Lebia abdominalis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, on Jamaica and in the United States.
Lebia abdita is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Baja California, Arizona and Mexico.
Lebia fuscata is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.
Xystocheir dissecta is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is found in North America. If threatened, X. dissecta can release a hydrogen cyanide gas, which has benzaldehyde as a byproduct. This defense works against most beetle predators, except Promecognathus.
Calathus ruficollis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in western North America, covering the California Floristic Province and continuing to the Pacific Northwest. Calathus ruficollis is flightless, predaceous, and nocturnal.
Lebia guttula is a blackish-brown species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada as well as southern California, western Texas and southern New Mexico.
Lebia collaris is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in the United States.
Promecognathus crassus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found along the Pacific coast of North America, from British Columbia to California.