| Proto-Indo-Iranian reconstruction | Indo-Aryan | Iranian | Mitanni | Etymology | Notes |
|---|
| *Háǰʰiš | Ahi | Aži | – | | – |
| *Aryamā́ | Skt Aryaman | Av. Airiiaman | – | | – |
| *Bʰagás | Skt Bhaga | OPers.*Baga [2] [a] | – | | OPers.*Baga is inferred from Bāgayādi, month of the feast *Bagayāda- ('worshiping Baga = Mithra'). [2] The etymology indicates a societal deity that distributes wealth and prosperity. [5] [6] Slavic bog ('god') and bogátyj ('rich') are generally seen as loanwords from Iranian. [7] |
| *Ćarwa [8] | SktŚarva [8] | YAv.Sauruua [8] | – | Perhaps related to ToB śer(u)we, ToA śaru 'hunter'. [8] | Probably meaning 'hunter' (cf. Khot. hasirä 'quarry, hunted beast', Oss. suryn 'to chase, hunt', syrd 'wild beast'). An epithet of Rudra or Śiva in Sanskrit. Name of one the daēuua (demons) in Young Avestan. [8] |
| *Dyauš [9] | Skt Dyáuṣ [9] | OAv.diiaoš [9] | – | From PIE*dyēus, the daylight-sky god. [9] | Meaning 'heaven, daylight sky'. Name of the inherited Proto-Indo-European sky-god (cf. Hitt.šīuš, Grk Zeus , Lat. Jove ) [9] See Dyēus for further information. |
| *Hagníš [10] | Skt Agni [10] | YAv.Dāšt-āɣni [10] | | From PIE *h₁n̥gʷnis, the fire as an active force. [10] | Name of the inherited Proto-Indo-European fire-god (cf. Lith.Ugnis, Alb. enjte ). [10] See H1n̥gʷnis for further information. |
| *Hāpam-nápāts [11] | SktApā́m nápāt [11] | YAv.apᶏm napāt [11] | – | From PIE *h2ep- ('water') and *h2nepot- ('grandson, descendant'). [11] | Meaning 'Grandsons of the Waters'. [11] See Apam Napat for further information. |
| *Haramati [12] | SktArámati [12] | Av. Ārmaiti [12] | – | No known IE cognate. [12] | Goddess of obedience and piety. Cf. Sktarámanas ('obedient') and Av.ārmaiti ('piety, devotion'). [12] |
| *HatHarwan [13] | Skt Átharvan [13] | YAv. Āθrauuan [13] | – | Perhaps a borrowing from a Central Asian language (cf. ToAatär, ToBetre 'hero'). [13] | Name of a primordial priest. The Sanskrit cognate is the name of the primordial priest, while the Young Avestan form designates the first social class (i.e. the priests). Scholars have rendered the stem *HatHar- as a 'religious-magical fluid' or 'magical potency'. [13] |
| *Hwi(H)waswant [14] | Skt Vivásvant [14] | YAv.Vīuuanhvant [14] | – | From PIE *h2ues- 'dawn'. [14] | Meaning 'morning dawn'. Father of *YamHa (see below). Cf. Sktvaivasvatá and Av.vīuuaŋhuša- ('descending from Vivasvant'). [14] |
| (?) *Wr̥trás [15] | Skt Vṛtrá [15] | YAv. Vǝrǝθraɣna [15] | – | No known IE cognate. [15] | *wr̥trás means 'defence' (the original meaning may have been 'cover'). Skt Vṛtrá is the name of a demon slain by Indra, often depicted as a cobra. YAv. Vǝrǝθraɣna , meaning 'breaking of defence, victory', is the name of a god. Cf. also Middle Persian Wahrām ('war god, god of victory'). The Arm. god Vahagn is a loanword from Iranian. [15] |
| *Hušā́s [16] | Skt Uṣás [16] | OAv.Ušå [16] [17] | – | From PIE*h₂éws-ōs, the Dawn-goddess. [16] | Name of the dawn-goddess. [16] See H₂éwsōs for further information. |
| *Índras [18] | Skt Índra [18] | YAv.Indra [18] | Mit.Indara | No known IE cognate. [18] | – |
| *Krćānu ~ *Krćāni [20] | SktKṛśā́nu [20] | YAv.Kərəsāni [20] | – | No known IE cognate. [20] | Divine being associated with the Soma. In Sanskrit, the divine archer that guards the celestial Soma; in Young Avestan, name of a hostile king driven away by Haoma. [20] |
| *Mánuš | Skt Manu | Av.*Manūš | – | From PIE*Manu- ('Man', 'ancestor of humankind'; cf. Germ. Mannus ). | Av. *Manūš.čiθra ('image of Manuš') is inferred from Old Persian Manūščihr, the name of a high priest. |
| *Mitrás | Skt Mitrá | Av. Miθra | Mit.Mitra | | See Mitra. |
| Skt Nā́satyā [22] | Av.Nā̊ŋhaiθya [22] | Mit.Našattiya | Probably from PIE *nes- ('save, heal'; cf. Goth.nasjan). [22] | SktNā́satyā is another name for the Aśvínā ('horse-possessors'); Nā̊ŋhaiθya is the name of a demon in the Zoroastrian religious system. According to scholar Douglas Frame, "the Iranian singular suggests that in Common Indo-Iranian the twins’ dual name also occurred in the singular to name one twin in opposition to the other". [22] See Divine Twins. |
| *Pr̥tHwíH [23] | Skt Pṛth(i)vī́ [23] | YAv.ząm pərəθβīm [23] | – | From PIE*pleth₂wih₁ 'the broad one'. [23] | Name of the deified earth. The Sanskrit poetic formula kṣā́m ... pṛthivī́m ('broad earth') is identical to YAv.ząm pərəθβīm (id.) [23] See Dʰéǵʰōm for further information. |
| *PuHšā́ [24] | Skt Pisán [24] | – | – | From PIE *p(e)h2uson (cf. Grk Πάων < *pausōn). [24] | Name of a herding-god, protector of roads, inspector of creatures. [24] |
| *Sušna [25] | SktŚúsna [25] | Sh.sāɣ(d) [25] | – | From PIEḱues-. [25] | Name of a malevolent being. Proto-Iranian *sušnā- is inferred from Sh.sāɣ̌(d) ('big snake, dragon'). [25] |
| *Tritá [26] | Skt Tritá [26] | YAv.θrita [26] | – | From PIEtrito 'third'. [26] | Mythical hero; one of the first preparers of the Soma. [26] |
| Skt Váruṇa | Av.*Vouruna(?) [27] | Mit.Aruna | | The Indo-Iranian ancestry is supported by Mitanni Aruna. The Avestan *Vouruna is postulated as the form the god would have taken in Iran, perhaps later replaced by Ahura Mazdā or Apam Napat. [27] |
| *Ućan [28] | SktUśánā [28] | YAv.Usan [28] | – | Probably a non-IE name based on the same root as *ućig- ('sacrificer'). [28] | Name of a sage. [28] |
| *HwaHyúš and *HwáHatas [29] | Skt Vāyú and Vā́ta [29] | OAv. Vaiiu and Vāta [29] | – | From PIE*h2ueh1iu and *h2ueh1nto. [29] | Gods of winds. [29] |
| *YámHas [30] | Skt Yamá [30] | OAv.yə̃ma- [31]
YAv. Yima [30] | – | From PIE *imH-o 'twin'. [30] | Meaning 'twin'; inherited from Proto-Indo-European (cf. Old Norse Ymir , the primeval giant). In Indo-Iranian, name of the mythical primeval man, first presser of the Soma, and son of the god *Hui(H)uasuant . [30] Cognate to the Indic goddess Yamuna, a deified river. See Indo-European cosmogony for further information. |