| Puno antpitta | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species complex: | Grallaria rufula complex |
| Species: | G. sinaensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria sinaensis Robbins, Isler, ML, Chesser & Tobias, 2020 | |
 | |
The Puno antpitta (Grallaria sinaensis) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. [1]
The Puno antpitta was described by Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler, R. Terry Chesser and Joseph Tobias in 2020 as a member of the rufous antpitta complex. [2] The International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy recognized the new species in 2021. [3] [4] However, as of early 2024 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not recognize it. [5]
The Puno antpitta's specific epithet sinaensis comes from the species' type locality, the Sina District in the Department of Puno, Peru. The common name is from that department. [2]
The Puno antpitta is monotypic. [1] It and the Bolivian antpitta (G. cochabambae) are sister species. [6]
Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails". [7] The holotype Puno antpitta, a male, weighed 34.2 g (1.2 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dark reddish yellow-brown crown, upperparts, wings, and tail with lighter edges on the flight feathers. They have a pale eyering. Their throat and breast are light reddish yellow-brown, their belly and undertail coverts pale buffy brown, and their flanks dark reddish yellow-brown. Their lower breast and belly have thin darker streaks. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and bluish gray legs and feet. [2] [8]
The Puno antpitta has a very restricted range in Peru's Puno Department and Bolivia's La Paz Department. All of the records come from between the Sandia River valley in the north and the Consata River valley in the south. Its exact habitat requirements have not been documented. The holotype was collected in temperate forest. At least in Bolivia, it favors areas of dense undergrowth at treeline, along rivers, and at forest edges; it is sometimes associated with bamboo. In elevation it is known between 2,700 and 3,150 m (8,900 and 10,300 ft). [2] [8]
The Puno antpitta is assumed to be resident throughout its range. [8]
The Puno antpitta's diet is not known except that it includes insects. Its diet is assumed to be similar to those of other Grallaria antpittas, which feed on arthropods, earthworms, and other invertebrates. Its foraging behavior is also unknown, but again it is assumed to be like that of other antpittas. They run or hop on the forest floor and stop to find prey by flipping aside leaf litter and probing the soil. [2] [8]
The Puno antpitta's breeding season appears to include October, but nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. [8]
The Puno antpitta's long song is a "[r]elatively long (c 3.5+ s), and moderately-paced (c 6 notes/s) series of clear slightly downslurred notes that start at c 3 kHz, descend slightly to c 2.7 kHz before ascending again to c 3-3.1 kHz, and a similar pattern where the notes of the song lengthen slightly at the beginning of the song and then shorten slightly at the end". Its short song is "[n]otably simple, a two note song consisting of clear, downslurred whistles at c 2.4 kHz, given quickly, the entire song lasting c 0.3-0.4s". [8]
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy, which does not recognize the Puno antpitta, and so has not assessed it. [9] It is known to occur in Madidi National Park in Bolivia. [2] [8]
The white-throated antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Grallaria is a large genus of Neotropical birds in the antpitta family Grallariidae.
The stripe-headed antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The chestnut antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. In 2020, two new species previously believed to be populations of chestnut pitta were described: the Oxapampa antpitta and the Ayacucho antpitta; this has left the chestnut antpitta with a much reduced range.
The bicolored antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
What is now the rufous antpitta complex was long considered to be a single species, Grallaria rufula, with seven subspecies. In 2020 G. rufula was found to be a species complex of 16 species, some of which were newly described. In 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the split of the rufous antpitta into multiple species and accepted the newly described species. The revised Grallaria rufulasensu stricto, now called the Muisca antpitta, has no subspecies and is thus monotypic according to those taxonomies. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not fully implement the split. It retains the name rufous antpitta for Grallaria rufula and retains six of the seven previous subspecies within it. It had split only the former G. r. saltuensis as the Perija antpitta in 2018.
The Chami antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The Cajamarca antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The equatorial antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found is Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Perija antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Serranía del Perijá on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
The Chachapoyas antpitta, or Graves's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Panao antpitta, also known as O'Neill's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Junin antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Peruvian Department of Junín.
The Bolivian antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by James Bond and Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee in 1940. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalizations.
The Urubamba antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described as a subspecies by Frank Chapman in 1923. It is endemic to Peru. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalization. The same study also described a new subspecies of Urubamba antpitta.
The Muisca antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1843. It was formerly called the rufous antpitta, which in 2020 was found to be a species complex composed of as many as 15 species, some of which were newly described. It is found in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela.
The Oxapampa antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. The Oxapampa antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of the chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 was described as its own species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
The Ayacucho antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallaridae. It is endemic to the Peruvian department of Ayacucho. The Ayacucho antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 it was described as a new species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
