Quercus look

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Quercus look
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Cerris
Section: Quercus sect. Cerris
Species:
Q. look
Binomial name
Quercus look

Quercus look, also known as the look oak and the Mount Hermon oak is a species of oak in subgenus Cerris, section Cerris, [3] native to the Levant [4] region of Western Asia, including northern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. [5] Of the local oak species, it prefers to grow at the highest altitudes, for instance at c. 1800 m on Mount Hermon. [6]

Contents

Description

Quercus look is a small-medium deciduous oak, ranging in height from 10-15 m. [7] The leaves are long and shiny, with toothed edges. Leaf sizes range from 5-11 cm. [7] The acorns are large, with a tip that is slightly concave or flat. [7] The acorn's cup covers about two-thirds of the nut. [5]

Distribution and ecology

Quercus look is the southernmost representative of mountainous deciduous oaks in the Middle-East, occurring in mountain ranges of the Levant, Mount Hermon in particular. It grows at altitudes between 1400 and 1900 m in mixed stands with fellow sect. Cerris species Tabor oak ( Quercus ithaburensis) and Lebanon oak ( Quercus libani) as well as the Lebanon cedar ( Cedrus libani ), the Aleppo oak ( Quercus infectoria ), the Balkan maple (Acer hyrcanum subsp. tauricolum), Montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum subsp. microphyllum ), styrax ( Styrax officinalis), Syrian pear ( Pyrus syriaca ), azarole ( Crataegus azarolus ) and several Sorbus species. [5]

Taxonomy

The species was originally described by Theodor Kotschy in 1860, who gave it the botanical name look, based on the name the locals from Rashaya used for the tree. Thereafter, the tree was identified either as a hybrid between the co-occurring Quercus libani and Quercus ithaburensis or as a subspecies of the latter. It was not until 2017 that the tree was identified as distinct from either of these species, a status that was genetically confirmed in 2018. [8] This reassessment also revealed a close affinity between Quercus look and Quercus cerris , the Turkey oak. [8]

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<i>Quercus ithaburensis</i> Species of tree

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<i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Quercus</i>

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<i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Cerris</i>

Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification. It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.

Quercus kotschyana is a species of oak endemic to the mountains of Lebanon. It is placed in subgenus Quercus, section Quercus.

References

  1. ↑ Stephan, J. 2018. Quercus look. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T79156563A122961496. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T79156563A122961496.en. Accessed on 21 March 2023.
  2. ↑ Eich. Eur. Orient.: 21 (1860)
  3. ↑ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  4. ↑ "Quercus look Kotschy". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Coombes, Allen; Cameron, Roderick. "Quercus look". Trees and Shrubs Online. International Dendrology Society. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  6. ↑ Stephan, Jean; Chayban, Lara; Vessella, Federico (2016). "Abiotic factors affecting the distribution of oaks in Lebanon". Turkish Journal of Botany. 40: 595–609. doi: 10.3906/bot-1601-24 .
  7. 1 2 3 Fragman-Sapir, Ori. "Species Spotlight: Quercus look Kotschy". International Oak Society. International Oak Society. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  8. 1 2 Simeone, Marco Cosimo; Cardoni, Simone; Piredda, Roberta; Imperatori, Francesca; Avishai, Michael; Grimm, Guido W.; Denk, Thomas (2018-10-17). "Comparative systematics and phylogeography of Quercus Section Cerris in western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation". PeerJ. 6: e5793. doi:10.7717/peerj.5793. ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   6195796 .
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