RAF Harrowbeer

RAF Harrowbeer
Yelverton, Devon in England
Aircraft and personnel required for a WWII Air/Sea rescue operation
RAF Harrowbeer Shown within Devon
Coordinates	50°29′27″N004°05′36″W / 50.49083°N 4.09333°W / 50.49083; -4.09333
Type	Royal Air Force station
Code	QB
Site information
Owner	Air Ministry
Operator	Royal Air Force
Controlled by	RAF Fighter Command 1941-44 & 1945-50
Site history
Built	1941 (1941)
In use	August 1941 - 1950 (1950)
Battles/wars	European theatre of World War II
Airfield information
Elevation	198 metres (650 ft) [1] AMSL
Runways Direction Length and surface 05/23 834 metres (2,736 ft)  Asphalt 11/29 1,171 metres (3,842 ft) Asphalt 17/35 1,020 metres (3,346 ft) Asphalt

Royal Air Force Harrowbeer or more simply RAF Harrowbeer is a former Royal Air Force station situated next to Yelverton in the parish of Buckland Monachorum, Devon, England

Location

RAF Harrowbeer was located approximately 9 miles (14 km) NNE of the city of Plymouth and approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Tavistock, and also sits within the boundary of Dartmoor National Park. Roborough Rock is a tor-like igneous rock outcrop immediately south-west of the airfield (officially called 'Udal Tor') on Roborough Down, next to the border with the A386. ^[2] This location created problems for the airfield during the Second World War, mainly due to bad weather. The Rock seems to have had little impact on the use of the Airfield, the only thing that was done by the RAF was the placing of a warning light on the top. There seems to be no truth in the widely-held belief that the RAF attempted to blow it up. ^[2]

Although sited near the village of Yelverton, it was called 'Harrowbeer' in order to distinguish it from the similar-sounding RNAS Yeovilton which had recently changed its name from HMS Heron when the Airfield opened on 15 August 1941. The airfield was under the control of No. 10 Group RAF and never assigned a station badge.

The former Ravenscroft School became the officers' mess. ^[3]

Canadian pilot Jack Brown, of 193 Squadron, recounts his first training flight in the relatively new, and daunting, Hawker Typhoon fighter-bomber at Harrowbeer:

"We were understandably in awe of the Tiffie's size and power. We had been warned of the violent effect of torque . . . which caused a swing to the right on takeoff . . On takeoff, I locked my left leg rigidly on the rudder bar . . . I got off safely . . [but] At times I felt as if the machine was flying me! . . . [on landing] To make sure I didn't stall it, I came in with a little too much speed. The runways at Harrowbeer were not exceptionally long and I could see a pile of bricks at the end coming up fast. Luckily, the brakes held and the machine stopped in time."

Once 193 Squadron became operational at Harrowbeer, they began patrolling the coast to intercept low level attacks by Focke Wulf Fw 190 fighter-bombers. The Typhoon patrols against the 190s

". . . were carried out by pairs of aircraft; one right down on the water, the other about a hundred feet up. Several fellows bent the ends of their props when they flew too low and actually touched the sea. We did standby duty, waiting at the end of the runway, ready to take off as soon as a Very pistol was fired from the control tower." Later, the Typhoon pilots at Harrowbeer also launched attacks on shipping targets on the French coast, the first target being Brest. ^[4]

Harrowbeer saw its most distinguished visitor arrive on 2nd August 1945, when US President Harry Truman, returning home from the Potsdam Conference, was unable to route via St Mawgan in Cornwall due to it being closed due to fog, and his aircraft landed instead at Harrowbeer. Reception formalities were somewhat limited and, after dining with King George VI onboard HMS Renown in Plymouth, Truman sailed for his Atlantic crossing onboard USS Augusta.

Based units

The airfield opened in May 1941. It closed following the end of the Second World War. ^{[5] [6]}

A large number of units used the airfield at some point, such as:

• No. 1 Squadron RAF (1944) ^[7]
• No. 19 Squadron RAF ^[6]
• No. 26 Squadron RAF ^[8]
• No. 64 Squadron RAF (1944) ^[9]
• No. 126 Squadron RAF (1944) ^[10]
• No. 130 Squadron RAF (1941) ^[11]
• No. 131 Squadron RAF (1944) ^[11]
• No. 165 Squadron RAF (1944) ^[6]
• No. 175 Squadron RAF (1942) ^[12]
• No. 183 Squadron RAF (1943) ^[13]
• No. 193 Squadron RAF (1942-43 & 1943-44) ^[14]
• No. 263 Squadron RAF (1943 & 1944) ^[15]
• No. 266 Squadron RAF (1943 & 1943-44 & 1944) ^[16]
• No. 275 Squadron RAF ^[17]
• No. 276 Squadron RAF ^[17]
• No. 286 Squadron RAF ^[6]
• No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron (1941-42) ^[18]
• No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF (1942) ^[19]
• No. 329 Squadron RAF ^[20]
• No. 414 Squadron RCAF ^[21]
• No. 500 (County of Kent) Squadron ^[22]
• No. 610 (County of Chester) Squadron (1944) ^[23]
• No. 611 (West Lancashire) Squadron (1944) ^[24]
• No. 616 (South Yorkshire) Squadron ^[24]
• No. 691 Squadron RAF ^[6]
• 834 Naval Air Squadron ^[25]
• 838 Naval Air Squadron ^[25]

Other units

• No. 19 Group Communications Flight ^[25]
• No. 78 (Signals) Wing Calibration Flight RAF ^[25]
• No. 82 Gliding School RAF ^[25]
• No. 156 (General Reconnaissance) Wing RAF ^[25]
• Force 135 (RAF Element) ^[25]
• No. 229 Maintenance Unit RAF ^[25]
• No. 401 Air Stores Park ^[25]
• No. 2738 Squadron RAF Regiment ^[25]
• No. 2847 Squadron RAF Regiment ^[25]
• No. 2883 Squadron RAF Regiment ^[25]
• No. 2891 Squadron RAF Regiment ^[25]

References

Citations

1. Falconer 1998, p. 41.
2. "The Rock, Yelverton" (PDF). Educational Register of Geological Sites. Devon County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2016.
3. RAF HARROWBEER YELVERTON Miscellaneous Information
4. John G. (Jack) Brown, "Typhoon Pilot: Hawkers Mighty 'Tank Buster' Could Be a Handful", in William J. Wheeler, "Flying Under Fire: Canadian Fliers Recall the Second World War," (Allston, Mass., Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2001), pp. 70, 72
5. "The History of RAF Harrowbeer" Retrieved on 7 November 2008
6. "Harrowbeer". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
7. Jefford 1988, p. 23.
8. Jefford 1988, p. 33.
9. Jefford 1988, p. 45.
10. Jefford 1988, p. 58.
11. Jefford 1988, p. 59.
12. Jefford 1988, p. 65.
13. Jefford 1988, p. 66.
14. Jefford 1988, p. 67.
15. Jefford 1988, p. 80.
16. Jefford 1988, p. 81.
17. Jefford 1988, p. 82.
18. Jefford 1988, p. 84.
19. Jefford 1988, p. 86.
20. Jefford 1988, p. 87.
21. Jefford 1988, p. 90.
22. Jefford 1988, p. 94.
23. Jefford 1988, p. 99.
24. Jefford 1988, p. 100.
25. "Harrowbeer". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 21 April 2022.

Bibliography

• Falconer, J (1998). RAF Fighter Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN   0-7110-2175-9.
• Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN   1-85310-053-6.

External links

• Dedicated website