Ranoidea | |
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Ranoidea aurea , the type species | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Hylidae |
Subfamily: | Pelodryadinae |
Genus: | Ranoidea (Tschudi, 1838) |
Type species | |
Ranoidea jacksoniensis (Tschudi, 1838) | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Ranoidea is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and two nearby groups of islands: the Maluku Islands, and the Louisiade Archipelago. [1] The circumscription of this taxon is still controversial.
Species in this genus were until recently placed in the then-paraphyletic genus Litoria ; many of them had been placed in even larger Hyla before. However, in 2016 Duellman and colleagues split Litoria into several genera. [1] [2] The systematic and taxonomic conclusions based on Duellman et al. [2] should be treated with caution, because 78.9% of individuals (397/503) used in the concatenated analyses had less than half of the gene sequences available for the 19 genes used. Missing data can be problematic in phylogenetic analyses (e.g. [3] [4] [5] [6] ) and lead to erroneous conclusions about systematic relationships. Additionally, there is no mention of checking for base-composition bias amongst taxa (non-stationarity), which can also lead to incorrect tree phylogenies (e.g. [7] [8] ). The species now in Ranoidea were placed in the genus Dryopsophus. However, the oldest available name for these species is Ranoidea. [1] These changes are not yet widely recognized or accepted, [9] and the AmphibiaWeb continues to recognize Litoria in the older, broad sense. [10] The AmphibiaWeb also recognizes Cyclorana , [10] a position that, without additional amendments, renders Ranoidea paraphyletic; it may be treated as a subgenus. [1]
The pupil is horizontally elliptical, and the palpebral membrane is unpigmented. Many species have tadpoles that develop in mountain streams and have enlarged ventral mouths. [2] However, tadpoles of subgenus Cyclorana are adapted to standing water and are often found in temporary water bodies. [11]
The following species are recognised in the genus Ranoidea: [1]
Although currently listed as incertae sedis , it is expected that " Ranoidea papua " (Van Kampen, 1909) will also be included in the genus once its range has been properly delimited.
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Litoria is a genus of hylid tree frogs, sometimes collectively referred to as Australasian treefrogs.
Nyctimystes is a genus of tree frogs in the subfamily Pelodryadinae of the family Hylidae. They are principally Papuan species, but also inhabit islands in the Moluccas. All species in this genus have one distinct feature that separates them from other species in the family, the lower eyelid is marked with pattern of lines, veins, or dots. This feature presumably acts as camouflage when the frogs are at rest during the day.
Gastrotheca is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are found in Central America south of Costa Rica and in South America. Most species occur in the American Cordillera from southern Costa Rica to north-western Argentina. This genus makes up the bulk of marsupial frog diversity; formerly it was placed in the "Leptodactylidae" assemblage.
Plethodontohyla is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar.
Austrochaperina is a genus of microhylid frogs found on New Guinea, New Britain and Australia.
Copiula is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to New Guinea. The common name Mehely frogs has been coined for them. They are leaf-litter inhabitants.
Hyloscirtus is a genus of Neotropical frogs in the family Hylidae. This genus was resurrected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae, with the distinguishing features being 56 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial proteins and ribosomal genes. Of these species, 28 species, previously placed in the genus Hyla, were moved to this genus. The fingers and toes of these frogs have wide dermal fringes.
The rough frog, also known as the woodland water-holding frog, warty water-holding frog, and red-backed cyclorana, is a species of treefrog native to northern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland, Australia.
Ranoidea vagitus, the wailing frog, is a species of tree frog occupying the arid and monsoonal Kimberley region. It is a ground dweller, which evades dry periods by burrowing and hibernating - emerging to breed during floods.
The knife-footed frog is a species of burrowing frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Australia, where it is found over a wide area in the north of the continent.
Glyphoglossus is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. The genus occurs in Southeastern Asia. Common name balloon frogs has been coined for it, whereas the common name squat frogs refers to the Calluella species that are now included in this genus. They are fossorial frogs that spend only limited time on the soil surface and are typically known from only few specimens.
Pelodryadinae, also known as Australian treefrogs, is a subfamily of frogs found in the region of Australia and New Guinea, and have also been introduced to New Caledonia, Guam, New Zealand, and Vanuatu.
Hylinae is a large subfamily of "tree frogs", family Hylidae.
Nannophryne is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae, from South America. They are found in central Andean Peru south to southern Chile and adjacent Argentina.
Cornufer is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It has been greatly expanded by Brown, et al. (2015) to include most Australasian frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. Species are found in Melanesia and Polynesia — in Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and in the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.
Dendropsophini is a tribe of small neotropical tree frogs in the subfamily Hylinae. They are distributed from southern Mexico, throughout Central America, and down South America to northern Argentina and Uruguay. Removed from the synonymy of Hylinae in 2016, this taxon was formerly considered its own subfamily before being reclassified as a tribe. As defined by Favovich et al. in 2005, the tribe Dendrosophini contains the members of three former subfamilies within the Hylidae prior to taxonomic rearrangement: Dendropsophinae, Pseudinae, and Scinaxinae.
Ranoidea rara is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae, endemic to Indonesia. Scientists have observed it in Papua Province, about 750 meters above sea level.