Pelodryadinae

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Pelodryadinae
Litoria xanthomera.jpg
Orange-thighed frog (Ranoidea xanthomera)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Subfamily: Pelodryadinae
Günther, 1858
Type genus
Pelodryas
Günther, 1858
Synonyms
  • Litoriinae Dubois and Frétey, 2016
  • Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858

Pelodryadinae, also known as Australian treefrogs (although not all members are arboreal), is a subfamily of frogs found in the region of Australia and New Guinea, and have also been introduced to New Caledonia, Guam, New Zealand, and Vanuatu. [1]

Contents

The subfamily is thought to be the sister group to the leaf frogs (Phyllomedusinae), a subfamily of arboreal frogs known from the Neotropics. The common ancestor of both subfamilies is thought to have lived in early Cenozoic South America, with the two subfamilies diverging from one another during the Eocene. The ancestors of the subfamily Pelodryadinae likely invaded Australasia via Antarctica, which at the time was not yet frozen over, thus was hospitable for the dispersing frogs. [2] The clade comprising both subfamilies is sister to the Hylinae, from which they diverged in the early Paleogene. [3]

Classification

The subfamily contains 222 species in three genera: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neobatrachia</span> Suborder of amphibians

The Neobatrachia are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hylidae</span> Family of frogs

Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhacophoridae</span> Family of amphibians

The Rhacophoridae are a family of frogs that occur in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan, northeastern India to eastern China and Taiwan, south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi. They are commonly known as shrub frogs, or more ambiguously as "moss frogs" or "bush frogs". Some Rhacophoridae are called "tree frogs". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "flying frogs".

<i>Litoria</i> Genus of amphibians

Litoria is a genus of hylid tree frogs, sometimes collectively referred to as Australasian treefrogs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-lipped tree frog</span> Species of amphibian

The white-lipped tree frog is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is the world's largest tree frog and is found in Australia. Other common names include the New Guinea treefrog, giant tree frog, and Australian giant treefrog.

The Moaif tree frog is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae, endemic to West Papua, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyloidea</span> Superfamily of amphibians

Hyloidea is a superfamily of frogs. Hyloidea accounts for 54% of all living anuran species. The superfamily Hyloidea branched off from its closest relative, the Australobatrachia, during the mid-Cretaceous. The fossil evidence found during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event could not determine the effects upon the frogs, due to the lack of fossils. Increased forestation erupted after this extinction, possibly leading to more arboreal adaptations of these anurans to be best suited for this habitat.

The Pinocchio frog or northern Pinocchio treefrog is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was discovered in the Foja Mountains of Papua Province in Indonesia by Conservation International and the National Geographic Society during a 2008 expedition, where it was accidentally spotted by Paul Oliver, a herpetologist. Despite being discovered in 2008, it remained undescribed and was long known simply as the "Pinocchio frog" until 2019, when it was finally described as Litoria pinocchio. The frog is named for its Pinocchio-like nose, which can enlarge and inflate in certain situations. Although unusual, a similar nose is found in several other related frogs from New Guinea, including L. chrisdahli, L. havina, L. mareku, L. mucro, L. pronimia and L. prora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phyllomedusinae</span> Subfamily of amphibians

Phyllomedusinae is a subfamily of hylid tree frogs found in the Neotropics commonly called leaf frogs. Formerly, they were often considered as their own family, Phyllomedusidae.

<i>Ranoidea bella</i> Species of frog

Ranoidea bella is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae, first found in Cape York Peninsula. The species is most similar to R. gracilenta and R. chloris, but can be distinguished from its cogeners by having a large male body size, a "near-immaculate" green dorsum, an orange venter, its bright orange-coloured digits and webbing, the purple lateral surfaces of its thighs, by lacking a canthal stripe, its white bones, and a single-note male advertisement call. It inhabits rainforest and monsoon vine thicket near water.

<i>Ranoidea</i> (genus) Genus of amphibians

Ranoidea is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and two nearby groups of islands: the Maluku Islands, and the Louisiade Archipelago. The circumscription of this taxon is still controversial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dendropsophini</span> Subfamily of amphibians

Dendropsophini is a tribe of small neotropical tree frogs in the subfamily Hylinae. They are distributed from southern Mexico, throughout Central America, and down South America to northern Argentina and Uruguay. Removed from the synonymy of Hylinae in 2016, this taxon was formerly considered its own subfamily before being reclassified as a tribe. As defined by Favovich et al. in 2005, the tribe Dendrosophini contains the members of three former subfamilies within the Hylidae prior to taxonomic rearrangement: Dendropsophinae, Pseudinae, and Scinaxinae.

The montane Pinocchio frog is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is endemic to New Guinea. Scientists saw it on Hides Ridge in the karstic area of the Southern Fold Mountains in Papua New Guinea. Like the Pinocchio frog, it has a protuberance on its snout that can grow or shrink.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myobatrachoidea</span> Superfamily of frogs

Myobatrachoidea is a superfamily of frogs. It contains two families, both of which are found in Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands. Some sources group these two families into a single family Myobatrachidae.

Nyctimystes nullicedens is a species of tree frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and has been found on the south-western side of Mount Obree, at 550 meters above sea level.

Litoria haematogaster, also known as the red-bellied tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was described in 2023 by Australian herpetologist Stephen Richards and his colleagues Stephen Donnellan and Paul Oliver. The specific epithet haematogaster comes from the Greek haema (‘blood’) and gaster (‘belly’), with reference to the frog's bright red abdomen.

Litoria daraiensis, also known as the Darai Plateau tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was described in 2023 by Australian herpetologist Stephen Richards and his colleagues Stephen Donnellan and Paul Oliver. The specific epithet daraiensis refers to the type locality.

Litoria lisae, also known as Lisa's tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was described in 2023 by Australian herpetologist Stephen Richards and his colleagues Stephen Donnellan and Paul Oliver. Both the common name and the specific epithet lisae refer to Stephen Richards' wife.

Litoria gracilis, also known as the slender spotted tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was described in 2023 by Australian herpetologist Stephen Richards and his colleagues Stephen Donnellan and Paul Oliver.

Litoria naispela, also known as the Crater Mountain treehole frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It was described in 2023 by Australian herpetologist Stephen Richards and his colleagues Stephen Donnellan and Paul Oliver. The specific epithet naispela is a Tok Pisin term meaning ‘beautiful’ or ‘attractive’.

References

  1. 1 2 "Pelodryadinae Günther, 1858 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  2. Duellman, William E.; Marion, Angela B.; Hedges, S. Blair (2016-04-19). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)". Zootaxa. 4104 (1): 1–109. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   27394762.
  3. Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18). "Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (29): E5864–E5870. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114E5864F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704632114 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5530686 . PMID   28673970.