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Transport in Saudi Arabia is facilitated through a relatively young system of roads, railways and seaways. Most of the network started construction after the discovery of oil in the Eastern Province in 1952, with the notable exception of Highway 40, which was built to connect the capital Riyadh to the economically productive Eastern Province, and later to the Islamic holy city of Mecca and the port city of Jeddah. With the economic growth of the 1970s, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has initiated many infrastructure development projects across the country, and the extensive development of the transportation network has followed suit in support of various economic developments.
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Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia is characterized by challenges and achievements. One of the main challenges is water scarcity. In order to overcome water scarcity, substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment. Today about 50% of drinking water comes from desalination, 40% from the mining of non-renewable groundwater and only 10% from surface water in the mountainous southwest of the country. The capital Riyadh, located in the heart of the country, is supplied with desalinated water pumped from the Persian Gulf over a distance of 467 km. Water is provided almost for free to residential users. Despite improvements, service quality remains poor, for example in terms of continuity of supply. Another challenge is weak institutional capacity and governance, reflecting general characteristics of the public sector in Saudi Arabia. Among the achievements is a significant increases in desalination, and in access to water, the expansion of wastewater treatment, as well as the use of treated effluent for the irrigation of urban green spaces, and for agriculture.
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Saudi Arabia Railways, formerly the Saudi Railway Company, is the national railway company of Saudi Arabia. It is de facto a state-owned enterprise, as it is owned by the Public Investment Fund.
The Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant is a power and desalination plant located in Ras Al-Khair on the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. It is operated by the Saline Water Conversion Corporation of Saudi Arabia. The plant began operating in April 2014 and, as of January 2017, is the world's largest hybrid water desalination plant. The project includes a power plant capable of producing 2400 MW of electricity. In 2015, it won the Global Water Awards "Desalination Plant of the Year" award.
References
- ↑ New port to be built in the Eastern Province
- ↑ Mining is new pillar of the Saudi economy Archived 2009-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ SWCC - Ras Al Zour Power and Desalination Plant
- ↑ Al-Naimi, Ali (2016). Out of the Desert. Great Britain: Portfolio Penguin. pp. 248–249. ISBN 9780241279250.
- ↑ Saudi Maaden/Alcoa - Aluminum Complex
- ↑ Ras Al Zour Residential Village
- ↑ "New Saudi Arabia Shipyard to be 'World's Largest'". Marine Link. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ↑ The SAR project, formerly known as the North-South Railway (NSR)
- ↑ SAR Civil Contracts
- ↑ Ma'aden Corporate Communications - Renaming of Ras Al-Zour
- ↑ Okaz newspaper - Renaming of Ras Al-Zour
