Nury Ablikim Turkel is a Uyghur American attorney,public official and human rights advocate based in Washington,D.C. He is currently the Chair of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Racism in China arises from Chinese history,nationalism,sinicization,and other factors. Racism in modern China has been documented in numerous situations. Ethnic tensions have led to numerous incidents in the country such as the Xinjiang conflict,the ongoing internment and state persecution of Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities,the 2010 Tibetan language protest,the 2020 Inner Mongolia protests and discrimination against Africans and people of African descent.
The Xinjiang conflict,also known as the East Turkistan conflict,Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino-East Turkistan conflict,is an ongoing ethnic geopolitical conflict in what is now China's far-northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang also known as East Turkistan. It is centred around the Uyghurs,a Turkic ethnic group who constitute a plurality of the region's population.
Wang Junzheng is a Chinese politician,serving Communist Party Secretary of Tibet since 18 October 2021. He was head of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission of Xinjiang. Between 2016 and 2019,he was the Communist Party Secretary of Changchun. Prior to his position in Changchun,he served in a variety of posts,as vice-governor of Hubei,the Party Secretary of Xiangyang,and the mayor and party chief of Lijiang.
Uyghur Americans are Americans of Uyghur ethnicity. Most Uyghurs immigrated from Xinjiang,China,to the United States from the late 1980s onwards,with a significant number arriving after July 2009.
The East Turkistan National Movement also known as the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement is a non-profit human rights and political advocacy organization established in June 2017 in Washington D.C. Salih Hudayar,a Uyghur American consultant and graduate student founded the group after pre-existing Uyghur organizations failed to openly call for East Turkestan independence deeming it "controversial".
The Xinjiang internment camps,officially called vocational education and training centers by the government of China,are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee. Human Rights Watch says that they have been used to indoctrinate Uyghurs and other Muslims since 2017 as part of a "people's war on terror",a policy announced in 2014. The camps have been criticized by the governments of many countries and human rights organizations for alleged human rights abuses,including mistreatment,rape,and torture,with some of them alleging genocide. Some 40 countries around the world have called on China to respect the human rights of the Uyghur community,including countries such as Canada,Germany,Turkey,Honduras and Japan. The governments of more than 35 countries have expressed support for China's government.
In May 2014,the Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched the "Strike Hard Campaign against Violent Terrorism" in the far west province of Xinjiang. It is an aspect of the Xinjiang conflict,the ongoing struggle by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese government to manage the ethnically diverse and tumultuous province. According to critics,the CCP and the Chinese government have used the global "war on terror" of the 2000s to frame separatist and ethnic unrest as acts of Islamist terrorism to legitimize its counter-insurgency policies in Xinjiang. Chinese officials have maintained that the campaign is essential for national security purposes.
The Xinjiang papers are a collection of more than 400 pages of internal Chinese government documents describing the government policy regarding Uyghur Muslims in the Xinjiang region. In November 2019,journalists Austin Ramzy and Chris Buckley at The New York Times broke the story that characterized the documents as "one of the most significant leaks of government papers from inside China's ruling Communist Party in decades." According to The New York Times,the documents were leaked by a source inside the Chinese Communist Party and include a breakdown of how China created and organized the Xinjiang internment camps.
The Chinese government has committed a series of ongoing human rights abuses against Uyghurs and other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang that is often characterized as genocide. Beginning in 2014,the Chinese government,under the administration of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Xi Jinping,incarcerated more than an estimated one million Turkic Muslims without any legal process in internment camps. Operations from 2016 to 2021 were led by Xinjiang CCP Secretary Chen Quanguo,who dramatically increased the scale and scope of the camps. This is the largest-scale detention of ethnic and religious minorities since World War II. Experts estimate that,since 2017,some sixteen thousand mosques have been razed or damaged,and hundreds of thousands of children have been forcibly separated from their parents and sent to boarding schools.
The Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 is a United States federal law that requires various federal U.S. government bodies to report on human rights abuses by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese government against Uyghurs in Xinjiang,China,including internment in the Xinjiang re-education camps.
Adrian Nikolaus Zenz is a German anthropologist known for his studies of the Xinjiang internment camps and Uyghur genocide. He is a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation,an anti-communist think tank established by the US government and based in Washington,DC.
Rushan Abbas is a Uyghur American activist and advocate from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. She is the founder and executive director of the nonprofit Campaign for Uyghurs. Abbas became one of the most prominent Uyghur voices in international activism following her sister's detainment by the Chinese government in 2018.
The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act is a United States federal law that would change U.S. policy on China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with the goal of ensuring that American entities are not funding forced labor among ethnic minorities in the region.
Salih Hudayar is a Uyghur American politician known for advocating for East Turkistan independence. He founded the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement and has since been leading the movement calling for the "restoration of East Turkistan's independence."
The East Turkistan Government-in-Exile is a parliamentary-based exile government established and headquartered in Washington,D.C. by Uyghurs,Kazakhs,and other peoples from East Turkistan (Xinjiang). The ETGE claims to be the sole organ representing East Turkistan and its people on the international stage.
Gulchehra "Guli" A. Hoja is a Uyghur–American journalist who has worked for Radio Free Asia since 2001. In November 2019,Hoja received the Magnitsky Human Rights Award for her reporting on the ongoing human rights crisis in Xinjiang and in 2020,Hoja received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation and was listed among The 500 Most Influential Muslims.
Tursunay Ziyawudun,born in Kunes of Xinjiang,is a former Uyghur detainee in one of the re-education camps in Xinjiang,China.
The Uyghur Tribunal was an independent "people's tribunal" based in the United Kingdom that aims to examine evidence regarding China's ongoing human rights abuses against the Uyghur people and to evaluate whether the abuses constitute genocide under the Genocide Convention. The tribunal was chaired by Geoffrey Nice,the lead prosecutor in the trial of Slobodan Milošević,who announced the creation of the tribunal in September 2020.
The OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,People's Republic of China is a report published on 31 August 2022 by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) concerning the treatment of Uyghurs and other largely Muslim groups in China. The report concluded that "[t]he extent of arbitrary and discriminatory detention of members of Uyghur and other predominantly Muslim groups,pursuant to law and policy,in context of restrictions and deprivation more generally of fundamental rights enjoyed individually and collectively,may constitute international crimes,in particular crimes against humanity." Human rights commissioner Michelle Bachelet released the report shortly before leaving the office.
