Rhodes piano

Last updated

Rhodes piano
Rhodes MkI Stage 88 1970.jpg
The 88-key Rhodes MkI Stage Piano
Manufacturer Harold Rhodes (1946–59)
Fender Electric Instrument Company (1959–65)
CBS (1965–83)
William Schultz (1983–87)
Roland Corporation (1987–91)
Rhodes Music Corporation (1997–2021)
Rhodes Music Group Ltd (2021–present)
Dates1946 ("Pre piano")
1959 (Piano bass)
1965 (FenderRhodes Electric Piano)
1970 (MkI "suitcase")
1970 (MkI "Stage")
1979 (MkII)
1984 (Mk V)
1987 (Roland Rhodes MK 80)
2007 (Mark 7)
2021 (Mark 8)
Technical specifications
Polyphony Full
Oscillator Induced current from a pickup
Synthesis typeElectromechanical
Effects Tremolo, stereo auto-pan
Input/output
Keyboard 54, 73 or 88 keys
External controlLine out or DIN connector to external amp /mixing board
Sustain pedal

The Rhodes piano (also known as the Fender Rhodes piano) is an electric piano invented by Harold Rhodes, which became popular in the 1970s. Like a conventional piano, the Rhodes generates sound with keys and hammers, but instead of strings, the hammers strike thin metal tines, which vibrate next to an electromagnetic pickup. The signal is then sent through a cable to an external keyboard amplifier and speaker.

Contents

The instrument evolved from Rhodes's attempt to manufacture pianos while teaching recovering soldiers during World War II. Development continued after the war and into the following decade. In 1959, Fender began marketing the Piano Bass, a cut-down version; the full-size instrument did not appear until after Fender's sale to CBS in 1965. CBS oversaw mass production of the Rhodes piano in the 1970s, and it was used extensively through the decade, particularly in jazz, pop, and soul music. It was less used in the 1980s because of competition with polyphonic and digital synthesizers such as the Yamaha DX7 and an inconsistent quality control caused by cost-cutting.

In 1987, the company was sold to Roland, which manufactured digital versions of the instrument without authorization from Harold Rhodes. In the 1990s, the instrument experienced a resurgence in popularity, resulting in Rhodes re-obtaining the rights to the piano in 1997. Although Harold Rhodes died in 2000, the Rhodes piano has since been reissued, and his teaching methods are still in use.

Features

Fender Rhodes (Inside).jpg
The Rhodes piano generates its sound by hammers hitting a bar of metal known as a tine.
Tone Generator.jpg
Side view of "tone generator assembly", resembling a tuning fork consisting of a twisted metal tone bar and the tine below it.
Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
Rhodes Mark I Tube amp
A Rhodes Mark I played on a tube amplifier (overdriven).
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The Rhodes piano's keyboard is laid out like a traditional acoustic piano, but some models contain 73 keys instead of 88. [1] The 73-key model weighs around 130 pounds (59 kg). [2] The keyboard's touch and action is designed to be like an acoustic piano. Pressing a key results in a hammer striking a thin metal rod called a tine connected to a larger "tone bar". The tone generator assembly acts as a tuning fork as the tone bar reinforces and extends the tine's vibrations. A pickup sits opposite the tine, inducing an electric current from the vibrations like an electric guitar. [3] Simply hitting tines does not need an external power supply, and a Rhodes will make sound even when not plugged into an amplifier, [4] though like an unplugged electric guitar, the volume level and tone will be diminished. [5]

The Suitcase model Rhodes includes a built-in power amplifier and a tremolo feature that bounces the output signal from the piano across two speakers. [6] This feature is inaccurately labeled "vibrato" (which is a variation in pitch) on some models to be consistent with the labelling on Fender amplifiers. [1]

Although the Rhodes functions mechanically like a piano, its sound is very different. [6] Vibrating tines produce a mellower timbre, [7] and the sound changes with the tine's relative position to the pickup. Putting the two close together gives a characteristic "bell" sound. [5] The instrument has been compared with the Wurlitzer electronic piano, which uses a similar technology, but with the hammers striking metal reeds. The Rhodes has a better sustain, while the Wurlitzer produces significant harmonics when the keys are played hard, giving it a "bite". [8] [9] According to Benjamin Love of Retro Rentals, an equalization spectrum analysis of the instrument will have a gap where the frequency of a lead vocal can be. This means the instrument can easily support a voice performance without overpowering it. [2]

History

Early models: Xylette, Pre-Piano ("Bantam Piano") and Piano Bass

Rhodes's "Pre-Piano," first marketed in 1948 Prepiano.png
Rhodes's "Pre-Piano," first marketed in 1948

Harold Rhodes started teaching piano when he was 19. He dropped out of the University of Southern California in 1929 to support his family through the Great Depression by full-time teaching. He designed a method that combined classical and jazz music, which became popular across the United States, [10] and led to an hour-long nationally syndicated radio show. Rhodes continued to teach piano throughout his lifetime, and his piano method continues to be taught today. [11] He continually refined and updated the design of the instrument up to 1984. [2]

By 1942, Rhodes was in the Army Air Corps, where he created a piano teaching method to provide therapy for soldiers recovering from combat in hospital. From scrapped airplanes, he eventually developed miniature pianos that could be played in bed. [10] [12] Rhodes was discharged from the Army Air Corps in September 1944. [13] He named his (non-amplified) lap instrument the "Xylette," and a 1945 newspaper described its materials and their source: "The Xylette is being constructed by patients in the craft shops of the convalescent hospitals. The [aluminum] xylophone bars are made from discarded hydraulic systems, the plywood from hatchways, keys from the fuselage spruce, and hammers from the hardwood of the propellor.” [14]

On 18 March 1945 Rhodes visited the Santa Ana (CA) Army Base Convalescent Hospital, bringing with him eight Xylettes, and having visited seven similar military hospitals across the U.S. [15] When Rhodes had visited the Army's Fort Logan (CO) convalescent hospital a month earlier, he supervised construction of Xylettes and provided instruction, noting that "exercise afforded by a keyboard instrument is effective in the restoration of neuro-muscular coordination of fingers, hands and arms.” [16] A Popular Mechanics article in June 1945 pictured recovering veterans playing their Xylettes at the Army’s Ft. Thomas (KY) convalescent hospital. [17] Soon after, Rhodes won a service award for his therapy achievements.

Rhodes, in California, next developed an electrically-amplified 38-key instrument, again without strings—instead, using carbon steel rods and advertised as "never needing to be tuned." It was labeled the "Pre-Piano," also being advertised as the "Bantam Piano" to broaden its appeal. [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Its public debut was in Los Angeles on 21 May 1948, at the Broadway department store. [23] Rhodes was present as demonstrator, as was songwriter Jimmy McHugh; by that date, Rhodes had built 100 of the instruments in his factory space at 2370 E. Foothill Blvd. in Pasadena. [24]

By mid-1948 the Pre-Piano was being used for teaching in the Los Angeles Public School System, [25] and was eventually adopted in other cities, including Chicago. Among Rhodes's promotional appearances away from Los Angeles was Chicago's Lyon & Healy music store, where he demonstrated the instrument on July 21-22-23, 1948. [26] During the summer of 1948 pianist and song-stylist Gwen Bari was Rhodes's representative and demonstrator in Philadelphia, [27] —including a local television broadcast. [28] She likewise appeared for promotions in Cleveland, New York, and Chicago. [29] Her husband and violinist-partner Gene Bari was Rhodes's sales agent in Palm Springs (CA), advertising the instrument at $189.50 with amplification either built into the instrument or as an outboard unit, though it "also plays without amplification." [30] The instrument weighed twenty pounds by itself, and thirty pounds including its tubular base with attached seat, and the Baris were then using it in performances at Palm Springs' Desert Inn. [31]

In 1958, Rhodes began a business affiliation with Leo Fender to manufacture instruments. [32] For Fender, Rhodes developed a 32-note keyboard bass approximating the string bass's range (E1-B3), known as the Piano Bass. [33] The instrument introduced the design that would become common to subsequent Rhodes pianos, with the same Tolex body as Fender amplifiers and a fiberglass top. The tops came from a boat manufacturer who supplied whatever color happened to be available; consequently a number of different colored piano basses were produced. [1]

Some recent, undocumented sources place Piano Bass manufacture as early as 1959. Actual production (for retail sale) in Fender's Fullerton plant, however, began early in 1962—following manufacture of prototypes that "[had then] been in use throughout the Southwest for more than a year.” [34] The earliest-known national advertisement for the instrument was in Down Beat's July 1962 issue. [35]

Under CBS

A pre-1969 "Silvertop" Fender Rhodes Electric Piano 6f 1.png
A pre-1969 "Silvertop" Fender Rhodes Electric Piano

Fender was bought by CBS in 1965. [36] Rhodes stayed with the company, and released the first Fender Rhodes piano, a 73-note model. The instrument comprised parts — the piano, and a separate enclosure underneath containing the power amplifier and loudspeaker. Like the piano bass, it was finished in black Tolex, and had a fiberglass top. [1] During the late 1960s, two models of the Fender Rhodes Celeste also became available, which used the top three or four octaves, respectively, of the Fender Rhodes piano. The Celeste did not sell well and is now hard to find. [1] In 1969, the fiberglass lid was replaced with vacuum-molded plastic; the earlier models became known retrospectively as "silvertops". [33]

The Student and Instructor models were introduced in 1965. [33] They were designed to teach the piano in the classroom. By connecting the output of a network of student models, the teacher could listen to each student in isolation on the instructor model, and send an audio backing track to them. This allowed the teacher to monitor individual students' progress. [37] Production of educational models ceased in 1974. [33]

In 1970, the 73-note Stage Piano was introduced as a lighter (130 pounds (59 kg)) and more portable alternative to the existing two-piece style, featuring four detachable legs (used in Fender steel pedal guitars), a sustain pedal derived from a Rogers hi-hat stand and a single output jack. [38] [39] Although the Stage could be used with any amplifier, catalogs suggested the use of the Fender Twin Reverb. [40] The older style piano continued to be sold alongside the Stage and was renamed the Suitcase Piano. [38] An 88-note model was introduced in 1971. [33]

The Rhodes became increasingly popular during the 1970s. In 1976, the company posted an advertisement claiming that of the top 100 Billboard albums featuring electric pianos, 82% of them used a Rhodes. [2]

Later models

The Rhodes Mk V was the last model released by the original Rhodes corporation. Rhodes Mark V.jpg
The Rhodes Mk V was the last model released by the original Rhodes corporation.

During the 1970s various changes were made to the Rhodes mechanics. [41] In 1971 the hammer tips were changed to neoprene rubber instead of felt, to avoid the excessive need for regular maintenance, while in 1975 harp supports were changed from wood to aluminum. Although this made production cheaper, it changed the resonance of the instrument slightly. In 1977 the power amplifier design was changed from an 80 to a 100-watt model. [42] The Mk II model was introduced in late 1979, which was simply a set of cosmetic changes over the most recent Mk I models. A 54-note model was added to the range. [43]

The Rhodes Mk III EK-10 was a combination electric piano and synthesizer, introduced in 1980 before CBS bought ARP Instruments in 1981. It used analog oscillators and filters alongside the existing electromechanical elements. The overall effect was that of a Rhodes piano and a synthesizer being played simultaneously. The instrument was unreliable with a problematic production, particularly when a shipment of 150 units to Japan caused interference with local television reception. Compared to the new polyphonic synthesizers being marketed at the same time, it was limited in scope and sound, and very few units were sold. [44]

The final Rhodes produced by the original company was the Mk V in 1984. Among other improvements, it had a lighter plastic body and an improved action that varied the dynamics with each note. The Mark V is the easiest of the original Rhodes pianos for touring musicians to transport. [43] Rhodes pianos produced under the original run had an inconsistent quality as the company wanted to mass-produce the instrument. [45]

During the late 1970s and 1980s, Chuck Monte manufactured an after-market modification to the Rhodes, known as Dyno My Piano. [40] It included a lever that moved the relative position of the tines to the pickups, modifying the sound, and fed the output signal through additional electronics. [41] This sound was emulated by the Yamaha DX7 with a patch known as the DX7 Rhodes that was popular during the 1980s, and caused several players to abandon the Rhodes in favor of the DX7. [46]

After CBS

In 1983, Rhodes was sold to CBS boss William Schultz, [10] who closed the main factory in 1985 [47] and sold the business to the Japanese corporation Roland in 1987. Roland introduced digital pianos known as the Rhodes MK80 and MK60 in 1989, and were essentially re-engineered versions of Roland's own RD-1000 (which they closely resembled), but Harold Rhodes disapproved of the instruments, which were made without his consultation. [10]

The Rhodes Mark 7 was released in 2007. Rhodes Mark 7 (rear), Expomusic 2010.jpg
The Rhodes Mark 7 was released in 2007.

Rhodes re-acquired the rights to the Rhodes piano in 1997. By then, he was in ill health and died in December 2000. [10] In 2007, his former business partner Joe Brandstetter acquired the rights to the name and re-formed Rhodes Music Corporation. [48] The company introduced a reproduction of the original electric piano, the Rhodes Mark 7, housed in a molded plexiglass enclosure. [49]

In 2021, a new company, Rhodes Music Group Ltd, was formed by the audio company Loopmasters who licensed the trademark rights from Brandstetter. [50] They announced a new model, the MK8, in development. [51] [52] The MK8 was made available for pre-order in November with 500 units planned for production in 2022. [53] The MK8's case was designed by Axel Hartmann and its electronics were designed by former Moog Music technician Cyril Lance. At 75 pounds (34 kg), it is significantly lighter than earlier models. [54]

Notable users

Ray Manzarek performing live with the Doors in 1968 using a Rhodes Piano Bass Ray Manzarek 1968.jpg
Ray Manzarek performing live with the Doors in 1968 using a Rhodes Piano Bass

Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek began using Rhodes instruments when the group formed in 1965. He played basslines on a Piano Bass with his left hand, while playing organ with his right. [55] He also played a full-sized Rhodes in the studio, such as a Mark I Stage 73 on "Riders on the Storm". [56] According to Manzarek, "If Mr. Rhodes hadn't created the keyboard bass, the Doors would never have existed." [57]

The Rhodes piano became a popular instrument in jazz in the late 1960s, particularly for several sidemen who played with Miles Davis. Herbie Hancock first encountered the Rhodes in 1968 while booked for a session with Davis. He immediately became an enthusiast, noting that the amplification made him much more audible in groups when compared to the piano. Hancock continued to experiment with the Rhodes over the following years, including playing it through a wah-wah. [58] Other former Davis sidemen, Chick Corea and Joe Zawinul, started using the Rhodes prominently during the 1970s. [59] [60] Beginning with In a Silent Way (1969), the Rhodes became the most prominent keyboard on Davis's recordings until the mid-1970s. [61] Vince Guaraldi started using a Rhodes in 1968, and toured with both a piano and a Rhodes. He achieved particular prominence with his soundtrack music for A Charlie Brown Christmas and other Peanuts / Charlie Brown films. [62]

Billy Preston was described as the "Ruler of the Rhodes" by Music Radar; he played Rhodes during the Beatles' rooftop concert in 1969, and on the Beatles' hit single "Get Back". [63] Many of Stevie Wonder's recordings from the 1970s, such as "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" feature him playing the Rhodes. [2] He often used one alongside the Hohner Clavinet. [64] Donny Hathaway regularly used the Rhodes; his hit single, "This Christmas", which receives seasonal radio play on African American stations, makes a prominent use of the instrument. [65] Although better known for playing the Wurlitzer, Ray Charles played a Rhodes on his performance of "Shake a Tailfeather" in the film The Blues Brothers . [66]

Donald Fagen of Steely Dan has regularly used the Rhodes. [67] He has also used the Rhodes in all his solo albums and has played it at every one of his touring performances since 1994. [68] The Rhodes features in "Angela", the 1978 instrumental theme from the sitcom Taxi by Bob James. [69] The French band Air make regular use of the Rhodes piano in their recordings. [70] German pianist and composer Nils Frahm uses a Rhodes piano extensively in his studio and live performances. [71] [72] Film composer Angelo Badalamenti composed and recorded the theme song for the TV series Twin Peaks, created by David Lynch, using the Rhodes. [73]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hammond organ</span> Electric organ

The Hammond organ is an electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert and first manufactured in 1935. Multiple models have been produced, most of which use sliding drawbars to vary sounds. Until 1975, Hammond organs generated sound by creating an electric current from rotating a metal tonewheel near an electromagnetic pickup, and then strengthening the signal with an amplifier to drive a speaker cabinet. The organ is commonly used with the Leslie speaker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vox (company)</span> Musical equipment manufacturer

Vox is a British musical equipment manufacturer founded in 1957 by Thomas Walter Jennings in Dartford, Kent, England. The company is most famous for making the Vox AC30 guitar amplifier, used by The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Kinks, The Yardbirds, Queen, Dire Straits, U2, and Radiohead; the Vox Continental electric organ, the Vox wah-wah pedal used by Jimi Hendrix, and a series of innovative electric guitars and bass guitars. Since 1992, Vox has been owned by the Japanese electronics firm Korg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital piano</span> Musical instrument

A digital piano is a type of electronic keyboard instrument designed to serve primarily as an alternative to the traditional acoustic piano, both in how it feels to play and in the sound it produces. Digital pianos use either synthesized emulation or recorded samples of an acoustic piano, which are played through one or more internal loudspeakers. They also incorporate weighted keys, which recreate the feel of an acoustic piano. Some digital pianos are designed to also look like an upright or grand piano. Others may be very simple, without a stand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electric piano</span> Electro-mechanical keyboard musical instrument

An electric piano is a musical instrument that has a piano-style musical keyboard, where sound is produced by means of mechanical hammers striking metal strings or reeds or wire tines, which leads to vibrations which are then converted into electrical signals by pickups. The pickups are connected to an instrument amplifier and loudspeaker to reinforce the sound sufficiently for the performer and audience to hear. Unlike a synthesizer, the electric piano is not an electronic instrument. Instead, it is an electro-mechanical instrument. Some early electric pianos used lengths of wire to produce the tone, like a traditional piano. Smaller electric pianos used short slivers of steel to produce the tone. The earliest electric pianos were invented in the late 1920s; the 1929 Neo-Bechstein electric grand piano was among the first. Probably the earliest stringless model was Lloyd Loar's Vivi-Tone Clavier. A few other noteworthy producers of electric pianos include Baldwin Piano and Organ Company, and the Wurlitzer Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electronic keyboard</span> Musical instrument

An electronic keyboard, portable keyboard, or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument based on keyboard instruments. Electronic keyboards include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs and digital audio workstations. In technical terms, an electronic keyboard is a rompler-based synthesizer with a low-wattage power amplifier and small loudspeakers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clavinet</span> Electric keyboard musical instrument

The Clavinet is an electric clavichord invented by Ernst Zacharias and manufactured by the Hohner company of Trossingen, West Germany, from 1964 to 1982. The instrument produces sounds with rubber pads, each matching one of the keys and responding to a keystroke by striking a given point on a tensioned string, and was designed to resemble the Renaissance-era clavichord.

Farfisa is a manufacturer of electronics based in Osimo, Italy, founded in 1946. The company manufactured a series of compact electronic organs in the 1960s and 1970s, including the Compact, FAST, Professional and VIP ranges, and later, a series of other keyboard instruments. They were used by a number of popular musicians, including Sam the Sham, Country Joe and the Fish, Pink Floyd, Sly Stone, Blondie, and the B-52s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hohner Pianet</span> Electro-mechanical piano built by Hohner

The Hohner Pianet is a type of electro-mechanical piano built by the Hohner company of Trossingen, West Germany and designed by Ernst Zacharias. The Pianet was a variant of his earlier reed-based Hohner electric piano, the Cembalet, which, like the Pianet, was intended for home use. Hohner offered both keyboards in their range until 1968. The Pianet production consisted of two distinctly different mechanism groups with characteristically different sound. The first group, lasting from introduction to 1977, had ground stainless steel reeds, a pick-up using variable capacitance, and leather-faced activation pads. The second group from 1977 until the end of production used rolled spring-steel reeds, electro-magnetic pick-ups, and moulded silicone rubber activation pads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keyboard bass</span> Use of a keyboard to substitute for a bass guitar or double bass in music

Keyboard bass is the use of a smaller, low-pitched keyboard with fewer notes than a regular keyboard or pedal keyboard to substitute for the deep notes of a bass guitar or double bass in music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stage piano</span> Electronic musical instrument

A stage piano is an electronic musical instrument designed for use in live performances on stage or in a studio, as well as for music recording in Jazz and popular music. While stage pianos share some of the same features as digital pianos designed for home use and synthesizers, they have a number of features which set them apart. Stage pianos usually provide a smaller number of sounds, with these being of higher quality than the ones found on regular digital pianos and home synthesizers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Mount Instruments</span> Subsidiary of the Allen Organ Company

Rocky Mount Instruments (RMI) was a subsidiary of the Allen Organ Company, based in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, active from 1966 to 1982. The company was formed to produce portable musical instruments, and manufactured several electronic pianos, harpsichords, and organs that used oscillators to create sound, instead of mechanical components like an electric piano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wurlitzer electronic piano</span> Mid-1950s – mid-1980s electric piano

The Wurlitzer electronic piano is an electric piano manufactured and marketed by Wurlitzer from 1954 to 1983. Sound is generated by striking a metal reed with a hammer, which induces an electric current in a pickup. It is conceptually similar to the Rhodes piano, though the sound is different.

Harold Burroughs Rhodes was an American music inventor of the Army Air Corps Piano, the Pre-piano and the Rhodes piano. He started his career by running piano schools around the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fender Contempo Organ</span> Combo organ

The Fender Contempo Organ is a combo organ made by Fender during the late 1960s. It was designed to compete with similar instruments such as the Vox Continental and Farfisa Compact, and had additional stops, features and controllers not found on the other models. However, it was only in production for a few years as it struggled to compete with the more popular Hammond organ and Rhodes piano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vox Continental</span> Portable electronic organ

The Vox Continental is a transistorised combo organ that was manufactured between 1962 and 1971 by the British musical equipment manufacturer Vox. It was designed for touring musicians and as an alternative to the heavy Hammond organ. It supports drawbars in a similar manner to the Hammond, and has distinctive reverse-coloured keys. The sound is generated by a series of oscillators, using a frequency divider to span multiple octaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gibson G-101</span> Portable electronic organ

The Gibson G-101 is a transistorised combo organ, manufactured in the late 1960s by the Lowrey Organ Company for Gibson.

Vintage Vibe is a manufacturer of mechanical electric pianos, based in Rockaway, New Jersey. The company also offers repair and restoration services for electric pianos, keyboard instruments and amplifiers, brand new parts for vintage electric pianos, and manufactures a modern tine-based electro-mechanical piano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music technology (electric)</span> Musical instruments and recording devices that use electrical circuits

Electric music technology refers to musical instruments and recording devices that use electrical circuits, which are often combined with mechanical technologies. Examples of electric musical instruments include the electro-mechanical electric piano, the electric guitar, the electro-mechanical Hammond organ and the electric bass. All of these electric instruments do not produce a sound that is audible by the performer or audience in a performance setting unless they are connected to instrument amplifiers and loudspeaker cabinets, which made them sound loud enough for performers and the audience to hear. Amplifiers and loudspeakers are separate from the instrument in the case of the electric guitar, electric bass and some electric organs and most electric pianos. Some electric organs and electric pianos include the amplifier and speaker cabinet within the main housing for the instrument.

The history of home keyboards lies in mechanical musical instrument keyboards, electrified keyboards and 1960s and 1970s synthesizer technologies.

The Roland MKS-20 is a digital piano-type sound module released by Roland Corporation in 1986, simultaneously with the Roland RD-1000 digital stage piano. The MKS-20 and RD-1000 share the same "Structured/Adaptive Synthesis" sound engine; the RD-1000 integrates that engine into a musical keyboard-type MIDI controller with size, weight, and features similar to the Roland MKB-1000. Both the RD-1000 and MKS-20 feature eight keyboard sounds, including grand piano, electric piano, harpsichord, vibraphone, and clavinet. Both have three effects units built in: stereo chorus, stereo tremolo, and a three-band equalizer with a sweepable mid-range.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Vail 2000, p. 266.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Lenhoff & Robertson 2019, p. 212.
  3. ↑ Baerman 2003, p. 52.
  4. ↑ Brice 2001, p. 104.
  5. 1 2 "Electric Piano Models Emulated by the EVP88". Apple Inc. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  6. 1 2 Gibson 1997, p. 114.
  7. ↑ Gibson 1997, p. 55.
  8. ↑ Lenhoff & Robertson 2019, p. 211.
  9. ↑ Reid, Gordon (December 2012). "Arturia Wurlitzer V". Sound on Sound . Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Pareles, Jon (January 4, 2001). "Harold Rhodes, 89, Inventor of an Electronic Piano" . The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  11. ↑ "History". Rhodes Piano Method. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Rhodes Supersite: History". Rhodes Supersite.
  13. ↑ “Wounded Men Amused By ‘Lap-Model’ Piano.” Los Angeles Times, 19 March 1945, 6.
  14. ↑ “Wounded Men Amused By ‘Lap-Model’ Piano.” Los Angeles Times, 19 March 1945, 6.
  15. ↑ “Wounded Men Amused By ‘Lap-Model’ Piano.” Los Angeles Times, 19 March 1945, 6.
  16. ↑ “Use Bomber Parts to Build Pianos.” The Daily Times (New Philadelphia, OH), 16 February 1945, 3.
  17. ↑ “AF Vets Build Midget Pianos and Learn to Play Tunes in 21 Days.” Popular Mechanics 83:6 (June 1945), 16.
  18. ↑ "Lyon & Healy introduce this fascinating new Bantam Piano for the home, the school, the club" (advertisement). Chicago Tribune, 18 July 1948, 5.
  19. ↑ "The Portable Bantam Piano: $199:50" (advertisement, Schuster's Department Store). Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle, 23 July 1948, 7.
  20. ↑ "It's Here: Bantam Piano" (advertisement, Gift and Tot Shop). Greenville (MS) Delta Democrat-Times, 14 November 1948, 14.
  21. ↑ "See The World's Newest Baby Grand! The Bantam Piano" (advertisement, Campbell Music Company). Washington (DC) Evening Star, 8 November 1948, A-3.
  22. ↑ "See and Hear America's Newest Musical Sensation: The Bantam Piano" (advertisement, Gimbel's department store). Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 June 1948, 27.
  23. ↑ "Twenty-Pound Bantam Piano Put on Show." Los Angeles Times, 22 May 1948, 3.
  24. ↑ "Want to be a Piano Mover? Inventor Here Makes It Easy." Pasadena Independent, 23 May 1948, 18.
  25. ↑ Seidkin, Phyllis. "Ex-Marine Enjoys Playing Tiny Piano in Show Window." Santa Rosa Press-Democrat, 18 June 1948, 13.
  26. ↑ "Lyon & Healy introduce this fascinating new Bantam Piano for the home, the school, the club" (advertisement). Chicago Tribune, 18 July 1948, 5.
  27. ↑ "First Showing in the East, and Only at Gimbel's: The Bantam Piano" (advertisement). Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 June 1948, 14.
  28. ↑ "Demonstrations Daily, 1 to 3 p.m., by Gwen Bari" (advertisement, Kelley's furniture store). The Desert Sun, 17 December 1948, 9.
  29. ↑ "Village Musicians Return From East." 17 August 1948, 5.
  30. ↑ "Pre-Piano: The World's Smallest Baby Grand" (advertisement). The Desert Sun, 7 May 1948, 4.
  31. ↑ "Midget Piano Delights Inn Guests." The Desert Sun, 11 May 1948, 8.
  32. ↑ Smith, Don. “Countian Produces Compact Instrument: Technical Ingenuity ‘Shrinks’ Bass Fiddle.” The Register (Orange County, CA), 15 April 1962, 6.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Lenhoff & Robertson 2019, p. 218.
  34. ↑ Smith, Don. “Countian Produces Compact Instrument: Technical Ingenuity ‘Shrinks’ Bass Fiddle.” The Register (Orange County, CA), 15 April 1962, 6.
  35. ↑ “New: The Fender-Rhodes Piano Bass” (advertisement) Down Beat, July 1962, 38.
  36. ↑ Day, Paul (1979). The Burns Book. pp Publishing. p. 36.
  37. ↑ Yorn, Pete (October 3, 2010). "Fender Rhodes". Magnet. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  38. 1 2 Vail 2000, p. 266-67.
  39. ↑ Lenhoff & Robertson 2019, pp. 213, 218.
  40. 1 2 "Rhodes Piano". Electronic Musician. 18 (1–4). Polyphony Publishing Company. 2002.
  41. 1 2 Vail 2000, p. 267.
  42. ↑ "What is the difference between a Fender Rhodes Mark I and Rhodes Mark II?". Chicago Electric Piano Company. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  43. 1 2 "The Ultimate Fender Rhodes Timeline". Chicago Electric Piano Company. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  44. ↑ "The EK-10". Major Key. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  45. ↑ "Advice on buying a Classic". The Hammond Hire Company. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  46. ↑ Verderosa, Tony (2002). The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 120. ISBN   978-0-634-01788-9.
  47. ↑ "About us". Major Key. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  48. ↑ "Rhodes instruments may be returning under new self-ownership". All Things Gear. July 13, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  49. ↑ "Rhodes Reborn Just In Time For Winter NAMM '07". Gearwire.com, January 8, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011.
  50. ↑ Rogerson, Ben (July 12, 2021). "Rhodes returns: iconic electric piano brand is back with the promise of new keyboards". Music Radar. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  51. ↑ Rogerson, Ben (July 12, 2021). "Rhodes returns: iconic electric piano brand is back with the promise of new keyboards". Music Radar. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  52. ↑ Rogerson, Ben (September 1, 2021). "New Rhodes electric piano confirmed: the MK8 is coming soon". Music Radar. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  53. ↑ "Details on the New Rhodes MK8 Are Finally Here". Reverb. November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  54. ↑ Rees, Huw (January 2022). "Rhodes MK8". Sound on Sound. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  55. ↑ Shepherd 2003, p. 301.
  56. ↑ Lenhoff & Robertson 2019, p. 234.
  57. ↑ Moss, Corey (January 4, 2001). "Inventor Of Fender Rhodes Piano Dies". MTV. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  58. ↑ Fellezs, Kevin (2011). Birds of Fire: Jazz, Rock, Funk, and the Creation of Fusion. Duke University Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN   978-0-8223-5047-7.
  59. ↑ Price 2010, p. 471.
  60. ↑ Adler, David (July 22, 2001). "MUSIC; A 70's Castoff Returns to the Bandstand" . The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  61. ↑ Gluck, Bob (2012). You'll Know When You Get There: Herbie Hancock and the Mwandishi Band. University of Chicago Press. p. 63. ISBN   978-0-226-30006-1.
  62. ↑ Bang, Derrick (2012). Vince Guaraldi at the Piano. McFarland. pp. 224–225. ISBN   978-0-7864-9074-5.
  63. ↑ Solida, Scot (July 27, 2011). "The 27 greatest keyboard players of all time". Music Radar. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  64. ↑ Vail 2000, p. 274.
  65. ↑ Price 2010, p. 380.
  66. ↑ The Blues Brothers (DVD). Universal. Event occurs at 1:06:42.
  67. ↑ Breithaupt, Don (2007). Steely Dan's Aja 33 1/3. Bloomsbury. p. 118. ISBN   978-1-441-11518-8.
  68. ↑ "Musicians | Touring Bands | Steely Dan Tour 2015". www.steelydan.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  69. ↑ AllMusic 2002, p. 365.
  70. ↑ Franck Ernould (September 2011). "Nicolas Godin & Jean-Benoît Dunckel (AIR): Building Atlas Studio". Sound On Sound. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
  71. ↑ Anon. "Nils Frahm on his favourite vintage music gear | Roland UK". www.roland.co.uk. Roland. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  72. ↑ Lewis, John (February 22, 2018). "Nils Frahm review – short on harmony but texture and tone in spades". the Guardian. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  73. ↑ Lynskey, Dorian (March 24, 2017). "'Make it like the wind, Angelo': How the Twin Peaks soundtrack came to haunt music for nearly 30 years". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved July 24, 2023.
Bibliography
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.