Rickiopora

Last updated

Rickiopora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
incertae sedis
Genus:
Rickiopora

(Rick) Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb. (2016)
Type species
Rickiopora latemarginata
(Rick) Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb. (2016)
Synonyms [1] [2]
  • Daedalea latemarginataRick (1960)
  • Ceriporiopsis latemarginata(Rick) Rajchenb. (1987)
  • Antrodiella angulatopora Ryvarden (1987)

Rickiopora is a fungal genus of unknown familial placement in the order Polyporales. The genus is monotypic, containing the single neotropical species Rickiopora latemarginata.

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Polyporales order of fungi

The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of forest and amenity trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.

Contents

Taxonomy

Rickiopora latemarginata was first characterized by Johannes Rick, who called it Daedalea latemarginata. [3] Mario Rajchenberg proposed a transfer to genus Ceriporiopsis in 1987. [4] In collaboration with Mauro Westphalen and Michal Tomšovský, Rajchenberg circumscribed the new genus Rickiopora in 2016 to contain the fungus. The generic name honours Johannes Rick. [2]

A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species which have been described previously or are related. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of the type material and states in which museums it has been deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct.

Johannes Rick was an Austrian-born Brazilian priest and mycologist considered the "father of Brazilian mycology". He was the first to systematically document the fungal biodiversity, particularly the macrofungi, of Southern Brazil. Rick established communications with several contemporary mycologists, such as Giacomo Bresadola, Curtis Gates Lloyd, Heinrich Rehm, and Hans Sydow, who helped him identify his Brazilian collections. Rick was a schoolteacher in Feldkirch from 1894 to 1898 before becoming a theology student in Valkenburg (Netherlands) from 1899 until 1902. After moving to Brazil in 1902, he was a teacher until 1915, then a social worker from 1915 to 1929, and finally Professor of theology until 1942.

<i>Ceriporiopsis</i> genus of fungi

Ceriporiopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus is widely distributed, and, according to a 2008 estimate, contains about 25 species. Ceriporiopsis was circumscribed in 1963 by Polish mycologist Stanislaw Domanski. The genus is a wastebasket taxon, containing "species that share common macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but are not necessarily related." Ceriporiopsis species are crust fungi that cause a white rot. They have a monomitic hyphal system, containing only generative hyphae, and these hyphae have clamp connections.

The fungus Antrodiella angulatopora, described from Venezuela by Leif Ryvarden in 1987, was later determined by Rajchenberg to be synonymous with Ceriporiopsis latemarginata. [5]

Venezuela Republic in northern South America

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and a large number of small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. With this last country, the Venezuelan government maintains a claim for Guayana Esequiba over an area of 159,542 km2. For its maritime areas, it exercises sovereignty over 71,295 km2 of territorial waters, 22,224 km2 in its contiguous zone, 471,507 km2 of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone, and 99,889 km2 of continental shelf. This marine area borders those of 13 states. The country has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked seventh in the world's list of nations with the most number of species. There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon basin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains, the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

Leif Randulff Ryvarden is a Norwegian mycologist.

Rickiopora groups phylogenetically in the "residual polyploid clade", but is distinct from all other polypore genera found in this clade and so has not been assigned to any specific family of the Polyporales. [2]

Clade A group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants

A clade, also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

Description

A combination of characteristics found in Rickiopora distinguish it from other polypore genera. It has fruit bodies that become corky to tough and brittle when dried. The hyphal system is monomitic, consisting of clamped and metachromatic generative hyphae (staining a reddish purple when mounted in cresyl blue), and thick-walled hyphae with sparse clamps. The spores are ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring 11–16 by 4–7  μm. Rickiopora features both a bipolar mating system, and astatocenocytic nuclear behaviour. [2]

Basidiocarp sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne

In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome or basidioma is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.

Hypha long, filamentous structure in fungi or Actinobacteria

A hypha is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.

Clamp connection

A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is created to ensure each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa, receives a set of differing nuclei, which are obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. It is used to create genetic variation within the hypha much like the mechanisms found in crozier during sexual reproduction.

Related Research Articles

Polyporaceae family of fungi

The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

Phanerochaetaceae family of fungi

The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

<i>Bjerkandera</i> genus of fungi

Bjerkandera is a genus of seven species of wood-rotting fungi in the family Meruliaceae.

<i>Loweomyces</i> genus of fungi

Loweomyces is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.

<i>Aurantiporus</i> genus of fungi

Aurantiporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905, the genus contains five species found mostly in northern temperate regions. Molecular analysis of several Aurantiporus species suggests that the genus is not monophyletic, but some other related polypore species need to be sequenced and studied before appropriate taxonomic changes can be made. In 2018, Viktor Papp and Bálint Dima proposed a new genus Odoria to contain Aurantiporus alborubescens based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The generic name is derived from the Latin aurantius ("orange") and the Ancient Greek πόρος (pore).

<i>Skeletocutis</i> genus of fungi

Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. Skeletocutis causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates. Their fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.

<i>Tyromyces</i> genus of fungi

Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus, commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."

Obba is a genus of three species of poroid, white rot crust fungi in the family Gelatoporiaceae. The genome sequence of the type species, O. rivulosa, was reported in 2016.

Sebipora is a fungal genus in the family Gelatoporiaceae. It was circumscribed in 2012 by mycologist Otto Miettinen to contain the crust fungus Sebipora aquosa, its single species. This fungus is found in low altitudes in Sumatra and New Guinea, where it causes a white rot on dead angiosperm wood, particularly fallen tree trunks, and frequently on burned wood.

<i>Loweomyces fractipes</i> species of fungus

Loweomyces fractipes is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, and the type species of the genus Loweomyces. It is a widely distributed species, found in North America, Europe, Central America, South America, and Korea.

Yuchengia is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Yuchengia narymica, a crust fungus formerly placed in the genus Perenniporia and originally described as Trametes narymica by Czech mycologist Albert Pilát.

Gelatoporiaceae family of fungi

The Gelatoporiaceae are a small family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 2017 by mycologists Otto Miettinen, Alfredo Justo and David Hibbett to contain the type genus Gelatoporia and three other related genera, Cinereomyces, Obba, and Sebipora.

Leifiporia is a genus of two species of poroid white rot crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists in 2016 to accommodate the type species Leifiporia rhizomorpha.

Microporellus iguazuensis is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in South America, it was described as a new species in 1987 by mycologist Mario Rajchenberg. The type was collected in Misiones Province, Argentina, in the Iguazú National Park. Characteristics of the fungus include the fruit body comprising a lateral stipe and multiple fan- or spoon-shaped caps. Microscopic characters include the dimitic hyphal system, relatively large basidia measuring 23–31 by 8–9 μm, and large ellipsoid to egg-shaped spores measuring 7–9 by 5–6 μm. The fungus was redescribed 23 years later after it was found in a polypore survey in the Atlantic rainforest of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. There it was growing on the ground amongst leaf litter, connected to roots of a living tree of Ocotea indecora.

Skeletocutis stramentica is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae that is found in New Zealand.

Irpicaceae family of fungi

The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.

Gloeoporus africanus is a species of crust fungus in the family Irpicaceae. Found in Africa, it was described as a new species in 2018 by Paul Jung and Young Wood Lim. The type collection was made in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, where it was found growing on a fallen branch. It is somewhat similar in appearance to Bjerkandera adusta, but is distinguished from that fungus by its angular pores and the white edges of the actively growing pore surface. G. africanus has a monomitic hyphal system, and its generative hyphae have clamp connections. Its spores are sausage-shaped (allantoid), measuring 3.8–4.2 by 0.6–0.7 μm.

Gloeoporus orientalis is a species of crust fungus in the family Irpicaceae. Found in East Asia, it was described as a new species in 2018 by Paul Jung and Young Wood Lim. The type collection was made in Geojedo, Korea, where it was found growing on a fallen angiosperm trunk.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy: Rickiopora latemarginata (Rick) Westphalen, Tomšovský & Rajchenb". Species Fungorum. Kew Mycology. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Westphalen, Mauro C.; Rajchenberg, Mario; Tomšovský, Michal; Gugliotta, Adriana M. (2016). "Extensive characterization of the new genus Rickiopora (Polyporales)". Fungal Biology. 120 (8): 1002–1009. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.05.001. PMID   27521631.
  3. ↑ Rick, J. (1960). "Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul Brasilia. 4. Meruliaceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae". Iheringia, Série Botânica (in Spanish). 7: 193–295.
  4. ↑ Rajchenberg, Mario (1987). "Type studies of Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) described by J. Rick". Nordic Journal of Botany. 7 (5): 553–568. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1987.tb02023.x.
  5. ↑ Rajchenberg, Mario; de Meijer, AAR (1990). "New and noteworthy polypores from Paraná and São Paulo States, Brazil". Mycotaxon. 38: 173–185.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.