Sardine and pilchard are common names for various species of small, oily forage fish in the herring family Clupeidae. The term sardine was first used in English during the early 15th century; a somewhat dubious folk etymology says it comes from the Italian island of Sardinia, around which sardines were once supposedly abundant.
A blind fish is a fish without functional eyes. Most blind fish species are found in dark habitats such as the deep ocean, deep river channels and underground.
Mirogrex hulensis, sometimes known as the Hula bream, was a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Its natural habitats were swamps and freshwater lakes in Lake Hula in northern Israel. Mirogrex hulensis looked much like a sardine. In Israel other members of the genus often are called "sardin" in culinary terms.
Anabarilius is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae, most of them only occurring in China. Many of the species have very restricted geographic range and have been negatively impacted by introduced species, fishing, and habitat degradation; the IUCN Red List includes five Anabarilius species that are either endangered or critically endangered and one species that is considered extinct.
The Jackson's barb is a species of cyprinid fish.
Lortet’s barbel is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is only found in the lower course of Orontes River in Syria and Turkey. , the main lower cases of the river were poisoned and nearly dried in 1989 and changed the lake from being abundant to completely fishless. Aside from being extinct in Lake Amik, nothing else is known about the fish.
Labeobarbus somereni, or Someren's barb, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. Local names for the fish in Rwanda include ikinanga, inkwenwe, ifurwe (Satinsyi) and urwozi (Nyabarongo).
The Lake Rukwa sardine is an African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Lake Malawi sardine, lake sardine, or usipa, is an African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Lake Malawi and its outlet, the (upper) Shire River; it is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania.
Engraulicypris is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to Africa. In a study of mitochondrial genealogy, the species formerly included in Mesobola are not phylogenetically separated from Engraulicypris and therefore should also be included in Engraulicypris.
Garra typhlops, also known as the Iran cave barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to caves in Iran. Like other cave-adapted fish, it is blind and lacks pigmentation.
The Malagarasi sardine is an East African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the Malagarasi River in Burundi and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and inland deltas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Eidinemacheilus smithi, also known as the Zagroz blind loach, is a species of loach in the family Nemacheilidae. This cavefish is endemic to an aquifer in the Karun River drainage in the Zagros Mountains of Iran.
The lake salmon or mpasa is an African species of freshwater fish, endemic to Lake Malawi, in the family Cyprinidae found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes.
Diplotaxodon ecclesi is a species of haplochromine cichlid. It is endemic to Lake Malawi where it is found in open water at mainly at the deeper levels, although it is rarely caught by trawling. Its main prey is the Lake Malawi sardine.
Labeobarbus mirabilis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus. Its type locality is the Ituri River, near Mawambi, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has not been found in other locations. This species was initially placed in the genus Barbus, but is now considered to be a member of Labeobarbus. Some experts have raised the possibility that, with more research, L. mirabilis might become classified as a junior synonym of L. somereni.
Leucos basak, the Albanian roach, Dalmatian roach or Croatian roach, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia and Montenegro.
The Lake Turkana sardine is an African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Nile River and Webi Shebeli, and in the Niger, Bénoué and Volta basin.
Engraulicypris bredoi or Mesobola bredoi is an East African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Lake Albert in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and inland deltas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Engraulicypris gariepinus is an African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Orange River below the Augrabies Falls. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the river sardine.
