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Sir Robert Wilmot-Horton | |
---|---|
![]() Portrait of Wilmot-Horton in the 1820s by Richard James | |
6th Governor of British Ceylon | |
In office 23 October 1831 –7 November 1837 | |
Monarchs | William IV Victoria |
Preceded by | John Wilson acting governor |
Succeeded by | James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie |
Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | |
In office 1821 –21 January 1828 | |
Monarch | George IV |
Prime Minister | The Earl of Liverpool George Canning The Viscount Goderich |
Preceded by | Henry Goulburn |
Succeeded by | Hon. Edward Stanley |
Personal details | |
Born | 21 December 1784 |
Died | 31 May 1841 56) | (aged
Nationality | British |
Spouse | Anne Horton |
Alma mater | Christ Church,Oxford |
Sir Robert John Wilmot-Horton,3rd Baronet,GCH,PC,FRS (21 December 1784 –31 May 1841),born Robert John Wilmot,was a British politician,sociopolitical theorist,and colonial administrator. He was Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies between 1821 and 1828,and Governor of Ceylon between 1831 and 1837. He is most widely known for his writings on assisted emigration to the colonies of the British Empire.
Robert John Wilmot was born on 21 December 1784. He was the only son of Sir Robert Wilmot,2nd Baronet,of Osmaston,near Derby (see Wilmot baronets),and his first wife Juliana Elizabeth (née Byron). [1]
He was educated at Eton,and at Christ Church,Oxford. [1]
Wilmot-Horton was a Canningite supporter of free trade and Catholic emancipation among the Tories. [2] He sat as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme from 1818 until 1830. [3] He served under the Earl of Liverpool,George Canning and Lord Goderich as Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies from 1821 to 1827 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1827. He reorganised the Colonial Office,including dividing the Empire into areas with a senior clerk responsible for administering each area.
Wilmot-Horton's aide-de-camp at the Colonial Office was his friend Thomas Moody,Kt.,with whom he maintained an extensive correspondence throughout his life. [4] Wilmot-Horton forwarded one of Moody's reports on the West Indies to Canning in 1824, [4] and subsequently advocated the contentions expressed in Moody's reports,to the Parliamentary Commission on West Indian Slavery,between 1825 and 1828. [5] Wilmot Horton and Thomas Hyde Villiers MP also wrote articles - under the pseudonym 'Vindex',which Moody had also used - to The Star newspaper,in which they refuted the objections that others had made to Moody's philosophy and defended Moody. [6] Moody performed special service in the Dutch Colonies of the West Indies for Wilmot Horton between 1828 and 1829. [6] Moody named one of his sons,Wilmot Horton Moody,after Wilmot-Horton. [7]
Wilmot-Horton is best remembered for advocating that poor British and Irish families should be allowed to emigrate to the colonies and be granted land there,and was mainly responsible in securing two parliamentary grants in 1823 and 1825 to fund an experiment where poor Irish families settled in Canada. He managed to establish a parliamentary committee on emigration and served as its chairman between 1826 and 1827. In this position he pushed for a plan where so called paupers gave up their rights to parish maintenance in return for grants of land in the colonies. However,the plans were dropped after Wilmot-Horton left the Colonial Office in 1827. [1]
In 1831 Wilmot-Horton was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Order by William IV and appointed Governor of Ceylon. In Ceylon he implemented the recommendations of the Colebrooke–Cameron Commission forming Ceylon's First Legislative Council and Executive Committee;abolished the feudal practice of compulsory labour;abandoned government's claims to free service (Rajakariya);recognised the right to private property;abolished government's monopoly of the Cinnamon trade,dating to the Dutch period;started the first newspaper of Ceylon,the Colombo Journal,and the first mail coach in Asia ;reformed the education system,established Ceylon's first public school,the Colombo Academy,which was renamed in 1881 as the Royal College,the only school in the world outside England,to be granted approval by Queen Victoria to use the word Royal in a college name. It was also the only school in Asia which was Accredited by Her Majesty.[ citation needed ]
In 1834 Wilmot-Horton succeeded his father as third Baronet.[ citation needed ]
In his absence his plans on assisted emigration were ridiculed as those of an impractical dreamer by a succession of writers on colonial affairs,but Wilmot-Horton continued to write pamphlets advocating and defending his ideas. He returned to Britain in 1837. [1]
Wilmot-Horton married Anne Beatrix Horton,daughter and co-heiress of Eusebius Horton,of the Catton Hall estate in Derbyshire,in 1806. Her beauty inspired Lord Byron to write the poem "She Walks in Beauty" after they first met at a party in June 1814. They had four sons and three daughters.
In 1823 he inherited the Catton Hall estate on the death of his father-in-law and pursuant to the latter's will added Horton as a second surname. [1]
Wilmot-Horton died at Sudbrook Park,Petersham,in May 1841,aged 56,and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son,Robert. [1]
Horton Township in Ontario,Canada,was named after Wilmot-Horton. [8]
Horton Plains was named after Wilmot-Horton in 1834 by Lt William Fisher of the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot and Lt. Albert Watson of the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot. [9]
Horton Place in Colombo and Horton Plains National Park was named after the governor.[ citation needed ]
His memorial is located in St John the Baptist's Church,Croxall.[ citation needed ]
Henry Bathurst,3rd Earl Bathurst,was a High Tory,High Church Pittite. He was an MP for thirty years before ennoblement. A personal friend of William Pitt the Younger,he became a broker of deals across cabinet factions during the Napoleonic era. After the Napoleonic Wars,Bathurst was on the conservative wing of the Tory party.
Sir George Arthur,1st Baronet was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras from 1814 to 1822 and of Van Diemen's Land from 1824 to 1836. The campaign against Aboriginal Tasmanians,known as the Black War,occurred during this term of office. He later served as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1838 to 1841,and Governor of Bombay from 1842 to 1846.
Sir Robert Harry Inglis,2nd Baronet,FRS was an English Conservative politician,noted for his staunch high church views.
Sir James Emerson Tennent,1st Baronet,FRS was a Conservative Member of the United Kingdom Parliament for the Irish seats of Belfast and of Lisburn,and a resident Colonial Secretary in Ceylon. Opposed to the restoration of a parliament in Dublin,his defence of Ireland's union with Great Britain emphasised what he conceived as the liberal virtues of British imperial administration. In Ceylon,his policies in support the growing plantation and wage economy met with peasant resistance in the Matale Rebellion of 1848. In recognition of his encyclopedic surveys of the colony,in 1862 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton,1st Baronet Buxton of Belfield and Runton,was an English Member of Parliament,brewer,abolitionist and social reformer. He married Hannah Gurney,whose sister became Elizabeth Fry,and became a great friend of her father Joseph Gurney and the extended Gurney family.
Charles Cecil Cope Jenkinson,3rd Earl of Liverpool,styled The Honourable Charles Jenkinson between 1786 and 1828,was a British politician.
Lieutenant General Sir Edward Barnes,was a British soldier who became governor of Ceylon.
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Wilmot,one in the Baronetage of Ireland and two in the Baronetage of Great Britain. One creation is extant as of 2008.
Wilmot is a surname,and may refer to:
Sir James Rivett-Carnac,1st Baronet was an Indian-born British statesman and politician who served as Governor of the Bombay Presidency in British India from 1838 to 1841.
Thomas Hyde Villiers was a British politician from the Villiers family.
Sir Robert Wilmot,1st Baronet (1708–1772) was an English servant of the Crown,Secretary to successive Viceroys of Ireland from 1740 to 1772,and after 1758 Secretary to the Lord Chamberlain of the Household. By 1750 several correspondents regarded him as "the channel through which all Irish business,especially that concerning patronage,must flow".
George Robert Dawson,was an Anglo-Irish Tory politician.
Robert Wilmot (1809–1891) was a Canadian politician and a Father of Confederation.
Colonel Thomas Moody (1779–1849) was a British geopolitical expert to the Colonial Office;Commander of the Royal Engineers;Home Secretary for Foreign Parliamentary Commissioners;Director of the British Royal Gunpowder Manufactory;and Director of the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company.
Michael John Keatinge (1793–1877),also Keating,was a 19th-century Irish Anglican priest. He argued in 1827 that the economic problems of Ireland were largely caused by the system of letting land,with which government should not interfere.
George Lee was the first Superintendent of the Government Printing Office in Ceylon,between 1833 and 1835 and the Postmaster General of Ceylon between 1844 and 1859.
Phillip Anstruther was a British public servant,coffee planter and served as the fourth Colonial Secretary of Ceylon (1833-1845).
Anne Beatrix Wilmot-Horton was an English amateur botanist who was the dedicatee of the plant genus Hortonia and of Lord Byron’s poem 'She Walks in Beauty'.