Robertson dwarf chameleon

Last updated

Robertson dwarf chameleon
Bradypodion gutturale.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Chamaeleonidae
Genus: Bradypodion
Species:
B. gutturale
Binomial name
Bradypodion gutturale
(Smith, 1849)
Bradypodion gutturale distribution.png
Synonyms [3]
  • Chamaeleo gutturalisSmith, 1849 [4]
  • Chamaeleon gutturalisWerner, 1911
  • Lophosaura gutturalisPower, 1932 [5]
  • Microsaura gutturalisFitzsimons, 1943
  • Chamaeleo pumilus gutturalisHillenius, 1959
  • Bradypodion gutturaleRaw, 1976 [6]

The Robertson dwarf chameleon, also known as the Little Karoo dwarf chameleon, (Bradypodion gutturale) is a chameleon in the genus Bradypodion . It is found in the dry Fynbos and Renosterveld shrub vegetation, in the centre of the Western Cape province, South Africa.

Contents

Description

A medium-sized dwarf chameleon, with a relatively robust build and a long prehensile tail, it can grow up to 15 cm in length. It is generally grey-olive in colour, but individuals have been found that vary.

Natural range

This species occurs in the Little Karoo, and the surrounding mountain ranges, within the Western Cape, South Africa.

It is recorded as far west as the border of the Cederberg mountains, and as far east as Uniondale. In the south it occurs near the coast in the area of Robertson and on the Agulhas plain.

Habitat

It prefers the fynbos vegetation, unlike some other species of dwarf chameleons that are forest-dwellers. It is particularly adapted to dry fynbos, renosterveld and is even found in the transition zones to arid succulent Karoo vegetation. DNA evidence suggests the Robertson chameleon may have diverged from the forest-dwellers several million years ago, coinciding with the retreat of the forests and the spread of dry fynbos.

Sources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fynbos</span> Shrubland and heathland ecoregion of southwestern South Africa

Fynbos is a small belt of natural shrubland or heathland vegetation located in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This area is predominantly coastal and mountainous, with a Mediterranean climate and rainy winters. The fynbos ecoregion is within the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. In fields related to biogeography, fynbos is known for its exceptional degree of biodiversity and endemism, consisting of about 80% species of the Cape floral kingdom, where nearly 6,000 of them are endemic. This land continues to face severe human-caused threats, but due to the many economic uses of the fynbos, conservation efforts are being made to help restore it.

<i>Bradypodion</i> Genus of lizards

Bradypodion is a genus of chameleons in the family Chamaeleonidae, collectively called South African dwarf chameleons. All species are found in South Africa and most are endemic to this country, but a few can also be found in Eswatini, Lesotho, southernmost Namibia and possibly southernmost Mozambique. They are quite small chameleons where the different species often can be difficult to separate by appearance, although exact location and the intense breeding colours of males are useful for their identification. They are arboreal, but some species are mostly found low in the vegetation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape dwarf chameleon</span> Species of reptile

The Cape dwarf chameleon is a chameleon native to the South African province of the Western Cape, where it is restricted to the region around Cape Town.

<i>Kinyongia</i> Genus of lizards

Kinyongia is a genus of chameleons found in montane and sub-montane areas in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and far eastern DR Congo. They are restricted to forests, woodlands and other wooded habitats, and many species have very small geographic ranges. In most species, at least the males have horns or knobs on their noses. As typical of most chameleons, Kinyongia are oviparous.

<i>Nadzikambia</i> Genus of lizards

Currently, two species are placed in the recently established genus Nadzikambia. They are plesiomorphic, small chameleons from the Ruo Gorge forest on Mount Mulanje in Malawi and Mount Mabu in Mozambique.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildlife of South Africa</span> Flora and fauna of the country

The wildlife of South Africa consists of the flora and fauna of this country in southern Africa. The country has a range of different habitat types and an ecologically rich and diverse wildlife, vascular plants being particularly abundant, many of them endemic to the country. There are few forested areas, much savanna grassland, semi-arid Karoo vegetation and the fynbos of the Cape Floristic Region. Famed for its national parks and big game, 297 species of mammal have been recorded in South Africa, as well as 849 species of bird and over 20,000 species of vascular plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smith's dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

Smith's dwarf chameleon, also known as the Elandsberg dwarf chameleon, is a species of lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae endemic to Fynbos in South Africa's Eastern Cape. As in several species of chameleons in the genus Bradypodion, the Smith's dwarf chameleon can use its color-changing ability to actively camouflage itself depending on the vision of the specific predator species by which it is being threatened.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transkei dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Transkei dwarf chameleon or Pondo dwarf chameleon is a chameleon endemic to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swartberg dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Swartberg dwarf chameleon is a species of chameleon endemic to South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knysna dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Knysna dwarf chameleon is a species of dwarf chameleon in the Bradypodion genus that is endemic to South Africa. It is a forest dweller, found only in a limited range in the afromontane forests near Knysna, South Africa, and in certain surrounding areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-headed dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The black-headed dwarf chameleon is a lizard of the family Chamaeleonidae endemic to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is also known as the KwaZulu dwarf chamaeleon and Durban dwarf chameleon.

<i>Bradypodion ventrale</i> Species of lizard

Bradypodion ventrale, the southern dwarf chameleon, occurs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is also known as the eastern Cape dwarf chameleon. It is a relatively large species of dwarf chameleon, reaching lengths of 14 cm (5.5 in). It has a very prominent casque on the back of its head and a long, beard-like throat crest. It lives in dense thickets and shrub, and is usually very difficult to spot because of its colouring. It adapts very well to living in suburban gardens, but domestic cats – being introduced predators – will usually kill all chameleons in the immediate area. Consequently, one should not bring chameleons into a garden which is frequented by cats. It gives birth to litters of between 10 and 20 babies in the summer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drakensberg dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Drakensberg dwarf chameleon occurs in the Drakensberg, South Africa, between the latitudes of 27°45′ and 29°15′. Bright green dwarf chameleons found in the Drakensberg south of 29°15′ are now known to be more closely related to the Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon and may yet be described as a separate species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Namaqua dwarf chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Namaqua dwarf chameleon or the western dwarf chameleon occurs in beach vegetation, along the west coast of South Africa and Namibia.

The Karoo dwarf chameleon is a chameleon native to South Africa. It is about 14 cm (6 in) long, mostly colored grey and brown, sometimes olive. The thin skin around the throat is yellow, and it has conical scales along the spine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon</span> Species of reptile

The Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon is a chameleon native to woodland habitat in the inland Midlands area of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal.

Kinyongia carpenteri, commonly called Carpenter's chameleon or the helmeted chameleon, is a species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is native to central Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chamaeleoninae</span> Subfamily of lizards

Chamaeleoninae is the nominotypical subfamily of chameleons. The Family Chamaeleonidae was divided into two subfamilies, Brookesiinae and Chamaeleoninae, by Klaver and Böhme in 1986. Since its erection in 1986, however, the validity of this subfamily designation has been the subject of much debate, although most phylogenetic studies support the notion that the pygmy chameleons of the subfamily Brookesiinae are not a monophyletic group. While some authorities have previously preferred to use the subfamilial classification on the basis of the absence of evidence principal, these authorities later abandoned this subfamilial division, no longer recognizing any subfamilies with the family Chamaeleonidae. In 2015, however, Glaw reworked the subfamilial division by placing only the genera Brookesia and Palleon within the Brookesiinae subfamily, with all other genera being placed in Chamaeleoninae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mlanje Mountain chameleon</span> Species of lizard

The Mlanje Mountain chameleon is one of two species in the genus Nadzikambia. It is a plesiomorphic, small chameleon from the Ruo Gorge forest on Mount Mulanje in Malawi.

References

  1. Tolley, K.A. (2018). "Bradypodion gutturale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T42679297A115667324. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T42679297A115667324.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. Glaw, Frank (2015). "Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (2): 185. doi: 10.3897/vz.65.e31518 .
  4. Smith, Andrew (1849). "Appendix". Reptilia. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Vol. [v.3 Reptilia]. London: Smith, Elder and Co. p. 3.
  5. Power, J. H. (1932). "On the South African Species of Chameleons of the Genus Lophosaura". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 102: 216–217. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1932.tb06212.x.
  6. Raw, Lynn R. G. (1976). "A Survey of the Dwarf Chameleons of Natal, South Africa, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Sauria: Chameleonidae)". Durban Museum Novitates. 11 (7): 139–161. hdl: 10520/AJA0012723X_2257 .