Romani people in fiction

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Gypsy Fortune Teller by Taras Shevchenko. Gipsy Fortune Teller by Taras Shevchenko.jpg
Gypsy Fortune Teller by Taras Shevchenko.

Many fictional depictions of the Roma in literature and art present Romanticized narratives of their supposed mystical powers of fortune-telling, and their supposed irascible or passionate temper which is paired with an indomitable love of freedom and a habit of criminality. Critics of how the Roma have been portrayed in popular culture point out similarities to portrayals of Jewish people, with both groups stereotyped negatively as wandering, spreading disease, abducting children, and violating and murdering others. [1]

Contents

The Roma were portrayed in Victorian and modern British literature as having "sinister occult and criminal tendencies" [2] and as associated with "thievery and cunning", [3] and in English Renaissance and baroque theatre as incorporating "elements of outlandish charm and elements which depict [them] as the lowest of social outcasts," connected with "magic and charms," and "juggling and cozening." [4] In opera, literature and music, throughout Europe, Roma women have been portrayed as provocative, sexually available, gaudy, exotic and mysterious. [5] Hollywood and European movies, as well as popular music and other forms of pop culture, have promoted similar stereotypes. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Literature

Other media

See also

Further reading

References

  1. Mayall, David (2009). Gypsy Identities 1500-2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany. Routledge. p. 266. ISBN   978-0415566377.
  2. Bardi, Abigail R. (2007). The Gypsy as Trope in Victorian and Modern British Literature. p. 65. ISBN   978-0549452898.
  3. MacKay, Marina, ed. (2009). The Cambridge companion to the literature of World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN   978-0521887557.
  4. Paola Pugliatti; Alessandro Serpieri, eds. (2008). English Renaissance scenes: from canon to margins (1. Aufl. ed.). Bern: Peter Lang. pp. 293–295. ISBN   978-3039110797.
  5. Reed, Toni (1999). Button, Marilyn Demarest (ed.). The foreign woman in British literature: exotics, aliens, and outsiders (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 152–155. ISBN   978-0313309281.
  6. Vasiliie Demos; Marcia Texler Segal, eds. (1994). Ethnic women: a multiple status reality. Dix Hills, N.Y.: General Hall. p. 52. ISBN   978-1882289233.
  7. Smith, Jerilyn. The marginalization of shadow minorities (Roma) and its impact on opportunities (Thesis). p. 90.
  8. Smith, Paul Julian (2000). The moderns: time, space, and subjectivity in contemporary Spanish culture (1. publ. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.  181. ISBN   978-0198160007.
  9. Malvinni, David (2004). The Gypsy caravan: from real Roma to imaginary Gypsies in Western music and film. New York, N.Y.: Routledge. ISBN   978-0415969994.
  10. Brunvand, Jan Harold (1998). American folklore: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. p. 743. ISBN   978-0815333500.
  11. The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Joseph Allen Bryant
  12. When Romeo Met Juliet by Leslie Dunkling
  13. As You Like It by William Shakespeare Editorial Review – School Library Journal vol. 55 iss. 3 p. 171 (c) 3 January 2009
  14. 1 2 E. K. Chambers. William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems, 2 vols., (Vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930)
  15. 1 2 Shakespeare's Caliban: a cultural history by Alden T. Vaughan, Virginia Mason Vaughan 1993 Cambridge University Press
  16. "Name-calling the Egyptian Queen in Antony and Cleopatra : a case in point of the distortion of Africa through the racial slur "gypsy"". shakespeare.edel.univ-poitiers.fr.
  17. Albert Kluyber, "Kalis and Calibon", trans. A. E. H. Swain. Englische Studien XXI (1895): 326-28; John Holland A Hystorical Survey of The Gypsies (London printed for the author 1816) p. 148; B.C. Smart and H. T. Crofton, eds., The Dialect of The English Gypsies 2nd ed., London 1875. p. 92.
  18. Goldstone, Herbert (2007). "'In Company of a Gipsy': The 'Gypsy' as Trope in Woolf and Brontë". Critical Survey. 19 (1). Berghahn Books: 40. JSTOR   41556199.
  19. Goldstone, Herbert (2007). "'In Company of a Gipsy': The 'Gypsy' as Trope in Woolf and Brontë". Critical Survey. 19 (1). Berghahn Books: 40. JSTOR   41556199.
  20. Grigore, Cristiana (23 April 2019). "Notre Dame: Let's Tell a New Story About Esmeralda and "the Gypsies"". Newsweek . Retrieved 19 August 2025.
  21. "Plot and Creation: Carmen". Metropolitan Opera . Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  22. Arnold, Andrea (2011). "Wuthering Heights realises Brontë's vision with its dark-skinned Heathcliff". The Guardian .
  23. Goldstone, Herbert (2007). "'In Company of a Gipsy': The 'Gypsy' as Trope in Woolf and Brontë". Critical Survey. 19 (1). Berghahn Books: 47. JSTOR   41556199.
  24. Goldstone, Herbert (2007). "'In Company of a Gipsy': The 'Gypsy' as Trope in Woolf and Brontë". Critical Survey. 19 (1). Berghahn Books: 40. JSTOR   41556199.
  25. Marshall, Cass (23 June 2020). "Wizards of the Coast is addressing racist stereotypes in Dungeons & Dragons". Polygon. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  26. Marvel Super-Heroes #20 (February, 1969)
  27. Avengers Vol 3 #8 (September, 1998)
  28. Avengers Vol 1 #186 (August, 1979)
  29. Mighty World of Marvel #14-15 (UK)
  30. X-Men: Colossus Bloodline #1 (November, 2005)
  31. Secret Origins Vol 3 #8 (February, 2015)
  32. Eury, Michael (2018). Back Issue #106. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 64.
  33. Justice League: Generation Lost #12 (October 2010)
  34. Justice League: Generation Lost #13 (November 2010)
  35. Detective Comics Vol 1 847 (October, 2008)
  36. Batman: Streets of Gotham Vol 1 16 (November, 2010)
  37. Justice League of America Annual #2 (October 1984)
  38. Justice League of America's Vibe #2 (May, 2013)
  39. Justice League of America's Vibe #7 (August 2013)