A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and Northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses to climbers that can reach seven meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.
The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the various species of rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.
Rosa dumalis, the glaucous dog rose, is a species of rose in the Rosaceae family. The native range of this rose stretches from Europe to the Caucasus and also down to northwestern Africa.
Rosa rugosa is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and southeastern Siberia, where it grows on beach coasts, often on sand dunes. It is naturalized in much of Europe and parts of the United States and Canada. It should not be confused with Rosa multiflora, which is also known as "Japanese rose". The Latin word "rugosa" means "wrinkled", referring to the wrinkled leaves. Often used as an ornamental plant, it has become invasive in parts of Europe, North America and South America.
Viola canina, commonly known as heath dog-violet and heath violet, is a species of the flowering plant in the violet family Violaceae. It is native to Europe, where it is found in heaths, fens, and moist woodlands, especially on acidic soils.
Rosa canina, commonly known as the dog rose, is a variable climbing, wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.
Rose hip seed oil is a pressed seed oil, extracted from the seeds of the wild rose bush Rosa rubiginosa in the southern Andes. Rosehip seed oil can also be extracted from Rosa canina, a wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. The fruits of the rosehip have been used in folk medicine for a long time. Rosehips have prophylactic and therapeutic actions against the common cold, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, urinary tract diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
Ronald Melville was an English botanist, based at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. He is chiefly remembered for his wartime research into rosehips as a source of vitamin C, prompted by the epidemic of scurvy amongst children owing to the reduced importation of fresh fruit. His research concluded that hips from the common Dog Rose, Rosa canina, held the highest concentration of the vitamin. In later years, he challenged the two-species taxonomy of the British elms proposed by Richens, identifying five distinct species, several varieties and numerous complex hybrids. Melville assembled a large collection of elm species, varieties and hybrids which are still growing at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's Wakehurst site.
Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa, a plant native to North America. Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying properties, the other three being homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt, and sterubin.
Rosa majalis is a species of deciduous shrubs in the genus Rosa, native to forests of Europe and Siberia. It grows to 2 m. and yields edible hip fruits rich in vitamin C, which are used in medicine and to produce rose hip syrup.
Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla, also known as the rose plume moth, is a moth of the superfamily Pterophoroidea, family Pterophoridae. It is found in the Northern Hemisphere, except for Greenland, Southeast Asia, and most of North Africa. It was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller, 1775.
W. Kordes' Söhne is a German rose breeding company in Klein Offenseth-Sparrieshoop in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The company is one of the world's leading rose breeders and producers for cut roses and garden roses, annually selling worldwide more than two million rose plants at retail and wholesale. Each year, more than 50,000 new crosses of garden roses and cut roses are tested, leading to four to six marketable varieties after a trial period of eight to ten years.
Henri Antoine Jacques was a French nurseryman specialising in roses, and noted for having introduced the Bourbon Group of roses from Île Bourbon to France. It was illustrated by Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759-1840) in his work "Les Roses".
The Thousand-year Rose, also known as the Rose of Hildesheim, grows on the apse of the Hildesheim Cathedral, a Catholic cathedral in Hildesheim, Germany, that is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. The cathedral and the adjacent St. Michael's Church have been on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since 1985.
Mihrabat Nature Park is a nature park located on the Asian part in Beykoz district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Scrophularia canina, the dog figwort or French figwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae.
Rosa deseglisei is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and Iraq. Most authorities consider it to be a subspecies or variety of Rosa corymbifera or Rosa canina.
Rosa mandonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to Madeira. Some authorities consider it to be indistinguishable from Rosa canina, the dog rose. It is most often found in the laurisilva, but can also occur in other types of woodland and in thickets.
Underside of leaflets
