Saint Rumbold | |
---|---|
Born | possibly Ireland or Scotland |
Died | 6th, 7th or 8th century (see text) Mechelen |
Venerated in | Catholic Church Western Rite Orthodoxy |
Major shrine | St Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen |
Feast | 24 June |
Attributes | Depicted as a bishop with a missioner's cross[ clarification needed ], or a bearded man with a hoe lying under his feet. He may also be shown murdered near a coffer of money. |
Patronage | Mechelen and Humbeek |
Saint Rumbold (or Rumold, Romuold, Latin : Rumoldus, Dutch : Rombout, French : Rombaut) was an Irish or Scottish Christian missionary, although his true nationality is not known for certain. [1] [2] [3] He was martyred near Mechelen by two men, whom he had denounced for their evil ways. [4]
Saint Rumbold's feast day is celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church, and Western Rite Orthodox Churches, on 24 June; [4] [5] and it is celebrated in Ireland on 3 July. [6] [7] He is the patron saint of Mechelen, [4] where St. Rumbold's Cathedral possesses an elaborate golden shrine on its high altar, containing relics attributed to the saint. It is rumoured that his remains are buried inside the cathedral. Twenty-five paintings in the choir illustrate his life.
Rumbold is assumed to have been consecrated a regionary bishop at Rome. Aodh Buidhe Mac an Bhaird (c. 1590–1635) argued that Rumbold had been born in Ireland. He is also said to have been a Bishop of Dublin, the son of a Scottish king, [4] and the brother of Saint Himelin. [8] He is assumed to have worked under St. Willibrord in the Netherlands and Brabant, and also to have been a close companion of the hermit St. Gummarus, [9] [1] [4] [10] and of the preacher monk Fredegand van Deurne, who, according to one tradition, maintained contact with St. Foillan (who was murdered in the Sonian Forest around 665). [11]
St. Rumbold's biography, written around 1100 AD by Theodoricus, prior of Sint-Truiden Abbey, caused 775 to be the traditional year of the saint's death. The surrounding areas of Mechelen however, had been Christianized much earlier. [1] In 2004 a state-of-the-art examination of the relics assumed to be St. Rumbold's showed a death date between 580 and 655. [2] [3] [12] This would make Saint Rumbold a Hiberno-Scottish rather than an Anglo-Saxon missionary, and not a contemporary of either St. Willibrord, St. Himelin, or St. Gummarus. [2]
There has been some historical confusion between Rumbold of Mechelen and the infant Saint Rumwold of Buckingham, who died in 662 AD at the age of 3 days. The latter has become referred to as Romwold, Rumwald, Runwald, Rumbald, or Rumbold. A compilation of three saints' lives as translated by Rosalind Love mentioned that on 15th-century records in Salisbury, an unknown author 'corrected' the attribution as "martyr" (possibly the Rumbold murdered in Mechelen) by annotating "confessor" (fitting in the miraculous infant Rumwold who was not a martyr). Also, the original dedication of churches to a St. Rumbold in Northern England appears uncertain. [13]
Mechelen is a city and municipality in the province of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Mechelen proper, some quarters at its outskirts, the hamlets of Nekkerspoel (adjacent) and Battel, as well as the villages of Walem, Heffen, Leest, Hombeek, and Muizen. The river Dyle (Dijle) flows through the city, hence it is often referred to as the Dijlestad.
St. Rumbold's Cathedral is the Roman Catholic metropolitan archiepiscopal cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium, dedicated to Saint Rumbold, Christian missionary and martyr who founded an abbey nearby. His remains are rumoured to be buried inside the cathedral. State-of-the-art examination of the relics honoured as Saint Rumbold's and kept in a shrine in the retro-choir, showed a life span of about 40 years and a death date between 580 and 655, while tradition had claimed 775 AD.
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Rumbold or Rumwold was a medieval infant saint in England, said to have lived for three days in 662. He is said to have been full of Christian piety despite his young age, and able to speak from the moment of his birth, professing his faith, requesting baptism, and delivering a sermon prior to his early death. Several churches were dedicated to him, of which at least four survive, one being at Pentridge in Dorset.
June 23 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 25
Keldermans is a family of artists, originating from Mechelen. The members of the family were mostly architects working in the Brabantine Gothic style. As the most important architects of their time in the Netherlands, they defined the Brabantine Gothic style, and their works can still be seen today in cities like Mechelen, Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Lier, Middelburg and Gouda. Anthonis II and Rombout II were court architects for Charles V. Laurens II, last in the line, was influenced by Renaissance architecture and marked the end of the Gothic period in this region. The Keldermans family became known for the design and construction of the large tower of St Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen. Jan II qualifies most as the designer, the architect and the most important master builder. However, he would not see the start of the works himself and the first stone was therefore laid under the supervision of his son Andries. Other members of the Keldermans family who successively directed the works are Anthonis I, Anthonis II, Rombout II and Laurens II.
Rombout is a Dutch masculine given name, equivalent to English Rumbold. It is of Germanic origin, containing the Old Saxon elements -hrôm- and -bald- ("brave"). It is also possible that the first element comes from -Rûma- ("Rome"), a place name that also featured in old Germanic names. Early source usually Latinized Saint Rombout's name as Rumoldus, as in the first known mention in a pre-927 grant by Charles the Simple, mentioning that the Mechelen abbey had been built in his honor.
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Vanden Gheyn, Van den Gheyn or Van den Ghein was a family of bellfounders and carillon makers. The bell foundry was established in 1506 in Mechelen and active until the 20th century. They have been called "the most famous family of bellfounders [Belgium] has had".
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Rombaut Pauwels or Rombout Pauwels was a Flemish architect and sculptor who worked in a moderate Baroque style. Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent.
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Jan Frans Boeckstuyns, Boekstuijns or Boecxstuyns was a Flemish sculptor and architect who spent most of his active career in his native city Mechelen. He was also active as a manufacturer of gilded leather. While he mainly created church furniture and decorations, he also produced a number of small-scale works, including crucifixes and terracotta figures. He further designed architectural elements of buildings. His works show a transition from the high Baroque towards a more realistic and decorative style closer to the Rococo.
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