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The Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with general castes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980, and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.
Kunbi is a generic term applied to castes of traditional farmers in Western India. These include the Dhonoje, Ghatole, Masaram, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa, Lonare and Tirole communities of Vidarbha. The communities are largely found in the state of Maharashtra but also exist in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa. Kunbis are included among the Other Backward Classes (OBC) in Maharashtra.
The Dhangars are a herding caste of people found in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. They are referred as Gavli in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka, Golla in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and Ahir in northern Maharashtra. Some Gavlis live in forested hill tracts of India's Western Ghats. Gavli, also known as Dange or Mhaske, and Ahir are a sub-caste of Dhangar. However, there are many distinct Gavli castes in Maharashtra and Dhangar Gavli is one of them.
The Tarkhan is a caste found in the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. They are traditionally carpenters by occupation.
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education, employment, government schemes, scholarships and politics. Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to set reserved quotas or seats, at particular percentage in Education Admissions, Employments, Political Bodies, Promotions, etc, for "socially and educationally backward citizens."
Gurjar or Gujjar is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, residing mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. They were traditionally involved in agriculture and pastoral and nomadic activities and formed a large heterogeneous group. The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society: at one end they have been founders of several kingdoms and dynasties and, at the other end, some are still nomads with no land of their own.
The Khatik is a Hindu caste found in the Indian subcontinent, mainly modern-day India, Pakistan and Nepal. Khatik have a population of approximately 10 millions and are located mainly in New Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. Traditionally, they are the community of vegetable cultivators and butchers and many of them are involved in the same business. According to William Crooke, the word Khatik is derived from the Sanskrit word khattika meaning butcher or hunter.
Nai, also known as Sain/Sen, is a generic term for occupational castes of barbers. The name is said to be derived from the Sanskrit word nāpita (नापित). In modern times Nai in northern India refer to themselves as "Sain" instead of Nai.
The Jogi is a Hindu community found in North India. Jogi surname is associated with the ancient migrants of the southern Indian states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala and Gujarat. They are collectively known as Nath, Jogi Nath, Jugi Nath, Nath Jogi, Haral, Rawal and Rawal Dev Jogi in Gujarat state.
The Mistri are a Hindu caste found in state of Gujarat, India.
The Patni are a community found in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in India and Sindh in Pakistan. The Patni are a trading community who are said to have originated and settled in the town of Patan in Gujarat. The community spread from Patan to the cities of Himatnagar, Veraval, Govindpura, Naodra, Kajli, Chorvad, Keshod, Junagadh and Jamnagar. They speak Vohra Gujarati and Kathiawari Hindi.
Kumhar or Kumbhar (Prajapati) is a caste or community in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. 'Kumhar' have historically been associated with art of pottery.
Mistry, or Mistri, is an Indian surname. The name can be found among people from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Bangladesh. This surname is used by Vishwakarma communities of India. It is an occupational surname.
Gavli is a Hindu caste found in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya pradesh. They a part of the Yadav community. They are referred as Golla in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka. Yadava, Konar, Manyani Nair, Golla and Ahir Gawli are considered to be synonymous names.
The Koli is an Indian caste found in Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Odisha and Jammu and Kashmir states in India. Koli is an agriculturist caste of Gujarat but in coastal areas they also work as fishermen along with agriculture. In the beginning of 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a Criminal Tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by the Indian Government because of their anti-social activities during World War I.
Twashta Kasar is a Hindu artisan caste of coppersmiths, predominantly residing in the Indian state of Maharashtra. In Goa, they call themselves Twashta Kasar Brahmin. According to Herbert Hope Risley, they are a branch of the Suvarna Banik, who became degraded because they took to working in metal.
The Gurav are an occupational community comprising several castes. They are among the traditional service providers found in villages, for whom they act in a priest role, and are found in several states of India.
Vanza also spelt as Wanza sometimes, is a Hindu Khatri artisan community from Gujarat state of India. The main occupation of the community is of weaving, dyeing and also tailoring -Darzi works. Outside India, the caste has diaspora and caste associations in nations like, Kenya, Uganda and United Kingdom. They worship Hinglaj as their kuldevi and many are followers of Pushtimarg sect of Hinduism.
Kadiya Suthar are a Socially and Educationally Backward Class of Gujarat. They are one of the Hindu communities. The name of the community derives from their main occupational skills. This community persons usually work both as mason (Kadiya) and as carpenter (Suthar).
References
- ↑ Gopika Solanki (25 April 2011). Adjudication in Religious Family Laws: Cultural Accommodation, Legal Pluralism, and Gender Equality in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 36, 177, 299, 253, 390–400. ISBN 978-1-139-49927-9 . Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- ↑ OBC List Gujarat
- ↑ Maharasshtra Caste & Tribe List
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