Seven Third Summits

Last updated
Kanchenjunga is the world's third highest mountain Kanchenjunga as seen from Gangtok.jpg
Kanchenjunga is the world's third highest mountain

The Seven Third Summits are the third-highest mountains of each of the seven continents. All of these mountain peaks are separate peaks rather than a sub-peak of the continents' high point. Christian Stangl from Austria claims to be the first person to reach the summit of all seven third summit mountains after climbing Puncak Mandala and Puncak Trikora. He did this as a part of his Triple Seven Summits project. Because of glacial melting and the disagreement over exactly which three peaks are the tallest in the Australian continent, Stangl also climbed several additional candidate peaks including Sumantri (4,870 m (15,978 ft)) and Ngga Pulu (4,862 m (15,951 ft)). [1] [2]

Contents

Definitions

The definition of continent is a matter of some dispute among mountaineers seeking to complete this challenge.

The main ridge of the Greater Caucasus range is generally considered to form the boundary between Asia and Europe. In that case, Mount Elbrus (5,642 m (18,510 ft)) and Dykh-Tau (5,205 m (17,077 ft)), are the two highest mountains in Europe. Excluding the Caucasus Mountains, Mont Blanc (4,808 m (15,774 ft)) and Monte Rosa (4,634 m (15,203 ft)) would be Europe's two highest mountains.

The Australian continent is defined as comprising the mainland of Australia and proximate islands on the same continental shelf, including Tasmania and New Guinea. In the convention of the seven continents, one of the continents is the region of Australasia, which includes for example the mountainous islands of New Zealand. For both the geological and conventional continent, New Guinea's Puncak Jaya / Carstensz Pyramid (4,884 m (16,024 ft)) and Puncak Mandala (4,758 m (15,610 ft)) are the two highest summits. When considering a continent as a continuous landmass surrounded by oceans, mainland Australia would be its own continent, with Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m (7,310 ft)) and Mount Townsend (2,209 m (7,247 ft)) as its two highest summits.

The Bass and Messner list

The Third Seven Summits list follows the Seven Summits list created by Richard Bass, [3] who chose the highest mountain of mainland Australia, Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m (7,310 ft)), to represent the Australian continent's highest summit. Reinhold Messner proposed another list (the Messner or Carstensz list) replacing Mount Kosciuszko with Western New Guinea's Puncak Jaya (4,884 m (16,024 ft)), which is part of Indonesia.

Following the Bass list, Mount Twynam is the third-highest summit (2,196 m (7,205 ft)) in Australia. According to the Messner list, Puncak Trikora (4,750 m) on New Guinea is the third-highest of the Australian continent. [4] [5] However, SRTM data do support Puncak Mandala being taller than Puncak Trikora. Heights of mountain peaks in West Papua are poorly established.

Both lists consider the Caucasus Mountains as European. This makes Shkhara (5,193 m (17,037 ft)), located on the border between Georgia and Russia, the third-highest summit in Europe. Those who exclude the Caucasus Mountains from Europe, regard the Dom (4,545 m (14,911 ft)), located in Switzerland, as Europe's third-highest summit.

Seven Third Summits (sorted by elevation)
PeakBass listMessner listElevation Prominence Isolation ContinentRangeCountry
Kangchenjunga ✔✔8,586 m (28,169 ft) [6] 3,922 m (12,867 ft) [6] 124.32 km (77.25 mi) [6] Asia Himalayas India / Nepal
Monte Pissis ✔✔6,793 m (22,287 ft) [7] 2,143 m (7,031 ft) [7] 75.9 km (47.2 mi) [7] South America Andes Argentina
Pico de Orizaba ✔✔5,636 m (18,491 ft) [8] 4,922 m (16,148 ft) [8] 2,690.14 km (1,671.58 mi) [8] North America Cordillera Neovolcanica Mexico
Shkhara ✔✔5,193 m (17,037 ft) [9] 1,357 m (4,452 ft) [9] 6.02 km (3.74 mi) [9] Europe Caucasus Georgia / Russia
Mawenzi ✔✔5,149 m (16,893 ft) [10] 849 m (2,785 ft) [10] [11] 11.07 km (6.88 mi) [10] Africa - Tanzania
Mount Shinn ✔✔4,661 m (15,292 ft) [12] 961 m (3,153 ft) [12] 6.55 km (4.07 mi) [12] Antarctica Sentinel -
Puncak Trikora ✔4,750 m (15,584 ft) [13] 1,268 m (4,160 ft) [13] 167.29 km (103.95 mi) [13] Australia (continent) Maoke Indonesia
Mount Twynam ✔2,195 m (7,201 ft) [14] 155 m (509 ft) [14] 6.03 km (3.75 mi) [14] Australia Snowies Australia

See also

Related Research Articles

Seven Summits Set of highest mountains of each of the seven continents

The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven traditional continents. Climbing to the summit of all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on 30 April 1985 by Richard Bass. Completing the Seven Summits and additionally reaching the North and South poles has been dubbed the Explorers Grand Slam.

Patrick Allan Morrow, is a Canadian photographer and mountain climber. In 1986 he was the first person to climb the Seven Summits in the Carstensz-Version.

Puncak Trikora

Puncak Trikora, until 1963 Wilhelmina Peak, is a 4,730 or 4,750-metre-high (15,584 ft) mountain in the Papua province of Indonesia on New Guinea. It lies in the eastern part of the Sudirman (Nassau) Range of the Maoke Mountains.

Romeo Roberto "Romi" Garduce, sometimes nicknamed as "Garduch," is a Filipino mountain climber, a scuba dive master, an environmentalist, writer, motivational speaker and works as an IT professional. He began climbing mountains for a cause in 1991 as a member of the UP Mountaineers. Aside from being a mountain climber and IT professional, he became one of the host for the GMA Network public affair shows Born to Be Wild and Pinoy Meets World. He also hosted the GMA News and Public Affairs special entitled Pito Para sa Pilipino with Richard Gutierrez.

Seven Second Summits

The Seven Second Summits are the second-highest mountains of each of the seven continents. All of these mountain peaks are separate peaks rather than a sub-peak of the continents' high point. The Seven Second Summits are considered by many mountaineers and geographers as a much harder challenge than the traditional Seven Summits.

Volcanic Seven Summits Highest volcanoes of the seven continents

The Volcanic Seven Summits are the highest volcanoes on each of the seven continents, just as the Seven Summits are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Summiting all seven is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first postulated as such in 1999.

Topographic isolation Topography measuring minimum distance to a point of equal elevation

The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point. It can be calculated for small hills and islands as well as for major mountain peaks and can even be calculated for submarine summits.

New Guinea Highlands Natural region in New Guinea

The New Guinea Highlands, also known as the Central Range or Central Cordillera, is a long chain of mountain ranges on the island of New Guinea, including the island's tallest peak, Puncak Jaya 16,024 ft (4,884 m), the highest mountain in Oceania. The range is home to many intermountain river valleys, many of which support thriving agricultural communities. The highlands run generally east-west the length of the island, which is divided politically between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.

Christian Stangl

Christian Stangl is an Austrian alpine style mountaineer and mountain guide. He has become known as Skyrunner by numerous exceptionally fast ascents of high mountains. His major success was in 2013, when he became the first person to ascend the three highest mountains on all seven continents, the so-called Triple Seven Summits.

Puncak Mandala Mountain in Papua, Indonesia

Puncak Mandala or Mandala Peak is a mountain located in Papua, Indonesia. At 4,760 metres (15,617 ft), it is the highest point of the Jayawijaya (Orange) Range and included in Seven Second Summits. Following Mount Carstensz 350 km to the west, Mandala is the second highest freestanding mountain of Oceania, Australasia, New Guinea and Indonesia.

Puncak Jaya Highest mountain in Indonesia

Puncak Jaya or Carstensz Pyramid, Mount Jayawijaya or Mount Carstensz on the island of New Guinea, with an elevation of 4,884 m (16,024 ft), is the highest mountain in Indonesia. It is also the highest mountain peak of an island on Earth, the highest mountain peak on the continent of Australia-New Guinea, and the highest mountain peak in Oceania. The mountain is located in the Sudirman Range of the western central highlands of Papua Province, Indonesia, in the southwest of Puncak Jaya Regency.

Hans Kammerlander Italian mountaineer

Hans Kammerlander is an Italian mountaineer, living in Ahornach, a hamlet nearby Sand in Taufers. He has climbed 13 of the 14 8000m peaks. In 1984, together with Reinhold Messner he was the first climber to traverse two 8000 m peaks before descending to base camp.

Ngga Pulu

Ngga Pulu is a summit on the north rim of Mount Carstensz in the western part of the island of New Guinea rising 4,862 metres (15,951 ft). Trigonometric measurements showed that Ngga Pulu was the highest mountain of New Guinea and also the highest summit of the Australia-New Guinea continent. The elevation of Ngga Pulu in 1936 was about 4,907 m (16,099 ft), and it was the highest and most prominent peak between the Himalaya and the Andes. However, due to glacial melting, Ngga Pulu lost a lot of elevation in the 20th century.

Ngga Pilimsit

Ngga Pilimsit is a mountain located in the Indonesian province of Papua, in the Maoke Mountains. It rises 4,717 meters (15,476 ft). It is a little over thirteen miles west-northwest of Puncak Jaya, the highest peak of Oceania and Indonesia. The nearest peaks are Carstensz Pyramid, Wataikwa, Ubia, Venusberg, Otakwa, and Papua Peak 4061. Dependent on the definition used for an independent mountain, the peak ranks as the fourth to seventh highest mountain on New Guinea and in Indonesia.

Christine Jensen Burke

As at May 2021, Chris Jensen Burke is the only New Zealand or Australian woman to reach the summit of K2, and is (unofficially) the 13th woman in the world to do so.

Samina Khayal Baig is a Pakistani high-altitude mountaineer who in 2013 climbed Mount Everest and then all Seven Summits by 2014. She is the first Pakistani woman to climb Everest and the Seven Summits. She climbed Mt. Everest at the age of 21.

Eight Summits

The Eight Summits is the collective name for the eight highest mountain peaks on each of the seven continents. It is an alternative name for the "Seven Summits" due to different ways in naming the highest mountain on the continent of Australia.

References

  1. ↑ Stangl, Christian (2013). "The target is reached". skyrunning.at. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  2. ↑ MacDonald, Dougald (28 August 2013). "Stangl Completes Triple Seven Summits". Climbing Magazine. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  3. ↑ Bass, Dick; Wells, Frank; Ridgeway, Rick (1986). Seven Summits . Warner Books. ISBN   0-446-51312-1.
  4. ↑ See for example the lists at peaklist, peakbagger.com, and gunungbagging.com
  5. ↑ Several other summits of Mount Carstensz besides Puncak Jaya (Sumantri (4,870 m), Ngga Pulu (4,862 m) and Carstensz East (4,820 m)) are higher than both Puncak Mandala and Puncak Trikora, but because of their low prominence (200-300 m) and isolation (2.2-2.6 km) these are usually not regarded as separate mountains.
  6. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Kangchenjunga, India/Nepal". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Monte Pissis, Argentina". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Pico de Orizaba, Mexico". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Shkhara, Georgia/Russia". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Mawensi, Tanzania". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Andalkar, Amar (26 November 2010). "The Volcanic Seven Summits". skimountaineer.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  12. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Mount Shinn, Antarctica". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Puncak Trikora, Indonesia". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. 1 2 3 ? (1 November 2004). "Mount Twynam, Australia". peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.