Shokihaze goby

Shokihaze goby
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Gobiiformes
Family:	Oxudercidae
Genus:	Tridentiger
Species:	T. barbatus
Binomial name
	Tridentiger barbatus; (Günther, 1861)
Synonyms
	Triaenophorichthys barbatusGünther, 1861; Triaenopogon barbatus(Günther, 1861);

Last updated December 13, 2024

Species Descriptions

The Shokihaze goby (Tridentigerbarbatus) is a small fish species that bears a superficial resemblance to sculpins but can be distinguished by specific morphological features. One notable characteristic is the presence of fused pelvic fins, which form a suction cup, a feature not found in sculpins. Additionally, Shokihaze gobies have barbels on their heads(Jordan and Snyder, 1902),^[1] specifically below the eyes and along the lower jaw(Slater,2005)^[2] which help differentiate them from other similar species.

Distinguishment

The Shokihaze goby can be further distinguished from other introduced species within the Tridentiger genus, such as the Shimofuri goby (T. bifasciatus ) and the Chameleon goby (T. trigonocephalus). While the Shokihaze goby displays approximately six vertical or diagonal dusky bars along its body, the other two species feature dark horizontal stripes instead of bars. The presence of barbels is also unique to T. barbatus compared to its counterparts.(Masuda et. al.1989)^[3]

Typical size

This species can reach a length of 5.2 centimeters (2.0 in) SL.Juvenile and adult of the Shokihaze Goby have total length (TL) ranging from 13 mm to 121 mm.(Greiner 2002)^[4]

Geographical Range

Shokihaze goby is a species of goby native to marine and brackish waters along the coasts of eastern Asia, specifically it is native to China (Dôtu 1957, Masuda et al. 1989[3]).^[5] It has also been introduced to the San Francisco Bay in California, United States.Both the State Water Project (SWP) and Central Valley Project (CVP) export water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. These water conveyance systems provide potential pathways for species dispersal into southern California. One notable example of this is the expansion of the shimofuri goby, which was facilitated by the State Water Project (Matern and Fleming 1995).^[6]

Abdundance

In recent years, the catch rates of Tridentiger barbatus within the San Francisco Bay Delta have surpassed the combined totals of the other two Tridentiger species found in the region (Greiner et al., 2007).^[7]

Ecosystem & Habitat

Water temperature affects various physiological functions, including respiration, digestion, and overall metabolic rate. As the temperature of the water increases, the metabolic rate of fish generally accelerates, while cooler water temperatures can slow down these processes. (Helfman et al, 1997)^[8] Shokihaze gobies demonstrate a broad tolerance to various environmental conditions. They have been collected in water temperatures ranging from 7°C to 22°C and in salinities from less than 1 ppt to 29 ppt. Their adaptability to both fresh and brackish environments contributes to their survival in a range of aquatic habitats.(Slater,2005)[2]

Life span

This species is characterized by a relatively short lifespan, with individuals typically reaching sexual maturity within their first year of life. Spawning primarily occurs in brackish waters, with salinity levels ranging from 2 to 9 parts per thousand. The breeding season spans the spring and summer months, typically from April to August. (Slater,2005)[2] Male individuals of this species are responsible for constructing and guarding nests, which are typically situated on hard substrates. These nests are commonly found in locations such as empty oyster shells, rocks, jetties, and pilings. The males actively defend these nesting sites, ensuring protection from potential threats. This nesting behavior is vital for the species' reproductive success and has been observed in several studies (Dotu, 1957; Slater, 2005; Wang, 2011^[9]).

The preference for brackish water environments during spawning suggests a level of adaptability to fluctuating salinity conditions. These breeding areas offer protection and suitable conditions for early development, which is crucial for the survival of the species in its coastal habitat.

Reproduction

Dôtu (1957) determined the spawning period by examining ripe gonads and observing nests containing eggs in the field. Ripe male gobies had testes that appeared as thick white organs, extending to one-quarter of the front abdomen. In females, two groups of eggs were observed in the ovary: a ripe group of yellow yolked spherical or elliptical eggs, measuring 0.48 to 0.90 mm in diameter, and an immature group of mostly transparent eggs less than 0.05 mm in diameter. The largest ripe female examined by Dôtu contained 23,365 eggs. Eggs found in nests were ellipsoidal, measuring between 1.46 to 1.60 mm on the major axis (averaging 1.54 mm) and 0.52 to 0.58 mm on the minor axis (averaging 0.55 mm). These eggs had adhesive filaments at the basal end, which helped them attach to substrates (Dôtu 1957)[5].

The number of spawning events per season for shokihaze gobies in Japan remains unclear.(Slater,2005[2] and Dôtu 1957[5]) Dôtu observed that the ripe eggs within a group were nearly identical in development, suggesting that they were likely spawned simultaneously. However, it was not determined how many times a female spawned in a single season. Males were observed to be polygamous within the spawning area and were found in poor condition during the spawning season. Due to the extended duration of the spawning period, it is believed that males spawned multiple times throughout the season.

Diet

Tridentiger barbatus is a benthic species primarily feeding on invertebrates and small fish. Its diet mainly consists of benthic invertebrates such as polychaete worms and crustaceans, as well as small fishes (Dotu, 1957)[5]. In California, the shokihaze goby's diet is more diverse, including gammarid amphipods, copepods, mysids, isopods, and clam siphons. Notably, it has been observed to consume polyps of the non-native hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia, which can make up to 10% of the total gut content weight during certain seasons (Slater, 2005)[2].

Conservation Status

Unknown consequences for its introduction, but might prey on other native gobies or sculpins. The species is native to Japan and is currently classified as "near-threatened" according to conservation assessments.

Related Research Articles

Gobiidae or gobies is a family of bony fish in the order Gobiiformes, one of the largest fish families comprising more than 2,000 species in more than 200 genera. Most of gobiid fish are relatively small, typically less than 10 cm (3.9 in) in length, and the family includes some of the smallest vertebrates in the world, such as Trimmatom nanus and Pandaka pygmaea, Trimmatom nanus are under 1 cm long when fully grown, then Pandaka pygmaea standard length are 9 mm (0.35 in), maximum known standard length are 11 mm (0.43 in). Some large gobies can reach over 30 cm (0.98 ft) in length, but that is exceptional. Generally, they are benthic or bottom-dwellers. Although few are important as food fish for humans, they are of great significance as prey species for other commercially important fish such as cod, haddock, sea bass and flatfish. Several gobiids are also of interest as aquarium fish, such as the dartfish of the genus Ptereleotris. Phylogenetic relationships of gobiids have been studied using molecular data.

The spoonhead sculpin is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is widespread in northeastern North America.

The slimy sculpin is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the family Cottidae, which is the largest sculpin family. They usually inhabit cold rocky streams or lakes across North America, ranging from the Great Lakes, southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa, southwest Wisconsin and northeast Canada. Slimy sculpins have also been found roaming the cold streams of eastern Siberia. They are commonly confused with their closely related relatives, Mottled sculpin, and with tubenose gobies who are both freshwater fishes as well. The slimy sculpin is a nocturnal fish that usually spends most of its time on the stream bottom and seeks shelter under rocks and logs, especially during spawning season. When it swims, it sometimes appears to be "hopping" along the bottom because of its inefficient ability to swim. This is partly due to the absence of a swim bladder, which normally gives buoyancy to a fish.

The mottled sculpin is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species has a wide but scattered North American distribution.

Eucyclogobius newberryi, the northern tidewater goby, is a species of goby native to lagoons of streams, marshes, and creeks along the coast of California, United States. The northern tidewater goby is one of six native goby species of California. It is protected under the Endangered Species Act as an endangered species of the United States since 1994.

The longjaw mudsucker is a species of goby found along the Pacific coast of California and Baja California. Known for its distinctive elongated jaws and robust body, this species can reach up to 21 cm in length, making it one of the larger gobies in its habitat. Adapted to estuarine environments, the longjaw mudsucker has evolved to survive short periods out of water, utilizing tidal mudflats and sloughs as its primary habitat.

The Pacific staghorn sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lepidocottus.

The pygmy sculpin is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States. It inhabits Coldwater Spring and its associated spring run in the Coosa River and Choccolocco Creek systems.

The blob fish is a species of deep-sea fish of the family Psychrolutidae. It feeds mainly on crustaceans, molluscs, and sea pens.

The violet goby is a species of goby native to marine, fresh and brackish waters near the Atlantic coast of North and South America from South Carolina in the United States of America, to northern Brazil. It prefers bays, estuaries and river mouths with muddy substrates. It is often marketed as the dragon goby or dragon fish.

Awaous guamensis is a species of goby native to the Pacific islands from the Marianas to Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Fiji where it can be found in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Recent work based upon morphological and genetic differences has recognized Hawaiian populations of Awaous as being distinct from Awaous guamensis. Consequently, Hawaiian Awaous are now recognized as a distinct species Awaous stamineus.

Tridentiger is a genus of fish in the subfamily of gobies called the Gobionellinae, known commonly as the tripletooth gobies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chameleon goby</span> Species of fish

The chameleon goby is a species of ray-finned fish native to marine and brackish waters along the coasts of eastern Asia. It has also spread to other parts of the world where it is found in waters with varying degrees of salinity.

The Shimofuri goby is found in fresh and brackish waters. However, it is most abundant in low-salinity environments. The fish has typical features consistent with the family Gobiidae and grows to a maximum of 12 centimeters. These characteristics include two pelvic fins united from a conical sucking disk, a spiny anterior and a soft posterior dorsal fin, and eyes near the top of the head. These fins typically have 6-7 spines and 11-14 rays with orange tints on the edges. The Tridentiger bifasciatus has a flat wide head and is highly variable in color, but generally light or dark brown with midlateral spots and minuscule white spots on the head.

Trachidermus fasciatus is a species of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins, and the only member of the monotypic genus Trachidermus. Its common name is roughskin sculpin. It has also been called four-gilled perch. It is native to the coastlines of China, Japan, and Korea, where it occurs at the mouths of rivers.

Acanthogobius flavimanus is a species of fish in the goby family known by the common name yellowfin goby. Other common names include mahaze, Japanese river goby, Oriental goby, and spotted goby. It is native to Asia, where its range includes China, Japan, Korea, parts of Russia, Vietnam, and Malaysia. It has spread beyond its native range to become an introduced, and often invasive, species. It has been recorded in Australia, Mexico, and Florida and California in the United States.

The prickly sculpin is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is native to the river drainages of the Pacific Slope of North America from Seward, Alaska south to the Ventura River of Southern California. It extends east of the Continental Divide in the Peace River of British Columbia. It has also been introduced to several reservoirs in Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arrow goby</span> Species of fish

The arrow goby is a species of goby native to marine and brackish waters of the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to Baja California. This species grows to a length of 6.4 centimetres (2.5 in) SL, though most do not exceed 4.2 centimetres (1.7 in) TL. This fish can also be found displayed in public aquaria. This species is the only known member of its genus.

Crangon franciscorum is a species of shrimp in the family Crangonidae which is endemic to the brackish estuaries of California, and found from Puget Sound in the north to San Diego, California in the south. The species is especially abundant in San Francisco Bay, despite population fluctuations due to environmental stresses. Its common names include bay shrimp, sand shrimp, common shrimp, grass shrimp, black shrimp, California shrimp and black tailed shrimp. The species has been commercially fished from 1869 to the present.

The Paiute sculpin is a species of fish in the family Cottidae. It is found in the United States, inhabiting the Columbia River drainage from Idaho, western Wyoming, and northeastern Nevada to western Washington and Oregon, and endorheic basins including Lake Tahoe in Nevada and California. It reaches a maximum length of 13.0 cm. It prefers rubble and gravel riffles of cold creeks and small to medium rivers. It is also found in rocky shores of lakes. Paiute sculpin are benthic organisms, residing at the bottom of their environments.

References

↑ Jorodan D.S., Snyder, J. O. (1902). "A review of the trachinoid fishes and their supposed allies found in the waters of Japan". United States National Museum.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Slater, Steven (2005). "Life history and diet of the ShokiHaze Goby Tridentiger barbarous in the San Francisco Estuary".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Masuda, Y (1989). "Genetic differentiation among eight color types of the freshwater goby, Rhinogobius brunneus, from western Japan". Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. 36 (1): 30-41. doi:10.1007/BF02905670.
↑ Greiner, T. A. (2022). "Records of the shokihaze goby, Tridentiger barbatus (Günther),newly introduced into the San Francisco Estuary". California Fish and Game 88. 2: 68-74.
↑ Dôtu, Y. O. S. I. E. "The bionomics and life history of the goby, Triaenopogon barbatus (Günther) in the innermost part of Ariake Sound". Sci Bull Fac Agr Kyushu Univ. 16: 261-274.
↑ Matern, S.A., K.J. Fleming (1995). "Invasion of a third Asian goby, Tridentiger bifasciatus into California". California Fish and Game81. 2: 71-76.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Greiner, T., Fish, M., Slater, S., Hieb, K., Budrick, J., DuBois, J., & Contreras, D. (2007). "2006 Fishes Annual Status and Trends Report for the San Francisco Estuary". Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter. 20 (2): 22-40.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Helfman, G. S., & Winkelman, D. L. (1997). "Threat sensitivity in bicolor damselfish: effects of sociality and body size". Ethology. 103 (5): 369-383. Bibcode:1997Ethol.103..369H. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1997.tb00153.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Wang, J.C.S. (2011). "Fishes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta and adjacent waters, California: a guide to early life histories". Racy Fish Collection Facility Studies. 44.

This Gobionellinae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] Jorodan D.S., Snyder, J. O. (1902). "A review of the trachinoid fishes and their supposed allies found in the waters of Japan". United States National Museum.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Slater, Steven (2005). "Life history and diet of the ShokiHaze Goby Tridentiger barbarous in the San Francisco Estuary".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[3] Masuda, Y (1989). "Genetic differentiation among eight color types of the freshwater goby, Rhinogobius brunneus, from western Japan". Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. 36 (1): 30-41. doi:10.1007/BF02905670.

[4] Greiner, T. A. (2022). "Records of the shokihaze goby, Tridentiger barbatus (Günther),newly introduced into the San Francisco Estuary". California Fish and Game 88. 2: 68-74.

[5] Dôtu, Y. O. S. I. E. "The bionomics and life history of the goby, Triaenopogon barbatus (Günther) in the innermost part of Ariake Sound". Sci Bull Fac Agr Kyushu Univ. 16: 261-274.

[6] Matern, S.A., K.J. Fleming (1995). "Invasion of a third Asian goby, Tridentiger bifasciatus into California". California Fish and Game81. 2: 71-76.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Greiner, T., Fish, M., Slater, S., Hieb, K., Budrick, J., DuBois, J., & Contreras, D. (2007). "2006 Fishes Annual Status and Trends Report for the San Francisco Estuary". Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter. 20 (2): 22-40.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Helfman, G. S., & Winkelman, D. L. (1997). "Threat sensitivity in bicolor damselfish: effects of sociality and body size". Ethology. 103 (5): 369-383. Bibcode:1997Ethol.103..369H. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1997.tb00153.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] Wang, J.C.S. (2011). "Fishes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta and adjacent waters, California: a guide to early life histories". Racy Fish Collection Facility Studies. 44.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]