Dioecy is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms that produce male or female gametes, either directly or indirectly. Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only about half the population directly produces offspring. It is one method for excluding self-fertilization and promoting allogamy (outcrossing), and thus tends to reduce the expression of recessive deleterious mutations present in a population. Plants have several other methods of preventing self-fertilization including, for example, dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility.
Ticodendron incognitum is the only species of Ticodendron, and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae.
Silene latifolia subsp. alba, the white campion is a dioecious flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is a herbaceous annual, occasionally biennial or a short-lived perennial plant, growing to between 40–80 centimetres tall. It is also known in the US as bladder campion but should not be confused with Silene vulgaris, which is more generally called bladder campion.
Ravenea is a genus of 20 known species of palms, all native to Madagascar and the Comoros.
Juniperus standleyi is a species of juniper native to Guatemala and the adjacent extreme southeast of Mexico, where it occurs at elevations of 3,000–4,250 metres. Its local common names include huitó, cipres, and huitum.
Nageia nagi, the Asian bayberry, is plant species in the family Podocarpaceae named by Carl Peter Thunberg. Nageia nagi is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It was formerly called Podocarpus nagi.
Medemia argun is a rare species of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) native to Egypt and Sudan. It is the only species in the genus Medemia. The palm's dried dates have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs.
Euphorbia hedyotoides is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Myristica magnifica is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is native to Karnataka and Kerala in India. It is classified as an endangered species according to the IUCN Redlist. The plant grows in terrestrial but swampy habitats along streams in evergreen forests. These swamps get inundated during the monsoons and remain flooded year round.
Neoluederitzia is a genus of flowering plants in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae. The sole species is Neoluederitzia sericocarpa. It is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes. It is unusual within the family for being dioecious: having male and female flowers on separate plants.
Salix kusanoi is a species of willow in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Silene biafrae is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
Silene fernandezii is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Spain. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Silene gazulensis is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Cádiz, Spain. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Silene hicesiae is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Panarea and Alicudi, which form part of the Aeolian archipelago, a commune of Sicily, Italy. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Silene sennenii is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is endemic to Spain. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean Matorral shrubland vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Gnetum macrostachyum is a species of vine gymnosperm, native to tropical Asia. They are often harvested as a source of fiber.
Leucadendron coniferum, also known at the dune conebush, is an evergreen, dioecious shrub or small tree of up to 4 m (13 ft) high, that has been assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has a whorl of conspicuous yellow leaves subtending the flowerheads. The flowers can be found in August and September. It grows in sandy soils near the coast of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Leucadendron xanthoconus is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to South Africa. The 1–2 m shrub is quite common and dominant in regions of South Africa, specifically in mountain fynbos in the south-western Cape. With the species being serotinous, it accumulates seeds into woody cones for 2-3 years, which are then released all together after burning, ultimately killing the plant. Seeds released during the inter-fire interval, which is between 10 and 20 years, do not form persistent seedbanks in the soil, making inter-fire recruitment insignificant. According to Bond and Maze, this allows for populations to consist of even aged plants dating from the previous burn. With the appropriate conditions and the necessary nutrients and water during the first six months, Leucadendron xanthoconus can grow at a very fast rate. Leucadendron xanthoconus productivity is positively impacted by an increase in water. It can also be impacted by droughts as the overall weight of the leaves and roots is reduced.
Leucadendron sheilae, the Lokenberg conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos, a South African biogeographical region. The plant is native to the Western and Northern Capes, where it occurs at Lokenberg in the Bokkeveld Mountains. The plant grows mainly in hard sandstone sand on level crests at altitudes of 600 to 900 metres (2,000–3,000 ft). In Afrikaans it is known as Lokenberg-tolbos.
