| Siphonoperla torrentium | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adult | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Plecoptera |
| Family: | Chloroperlidae |
| Genus: | Siphonoperla |
| Species: | S. torrentium |
| Binomial name | |
| Siphonoperla torrentium (Pictet, 1841) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Siphonoperla torrentium is a species of stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae. [2] [3]
Subspecies include: [4]
This species is present in most of Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Great Britain, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Republic of North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine and former Yugoslavia) [5] and in North America. [4] [6]
Siphonoperla torrentium can reach a body length of about 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) in males, of about 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) in females, with a wingspan of about of 13.6–15.4 mm (0.54–0.61 in) in males and of 15–17.5 mm (0.59–0.69 in) in females. [7]
This species of stoneflies has one generation a year (univoltine). Larvae can reach a length of about 9 mm (0.35 in). They are yellowish to light brown in color and show clear bristles throughout. There are dark spots on the head and pronotum. The pronotum is transversely oval and has long bristles. Tracheal gills are not present. They can be found in streams and small rivers. They have a predatory diet, while adults feed on pollen. [8]
In biology, a nymph is the immature form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage. Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.
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Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.
The Leuctridae are a family of stoneflies. They are known commonly as rolled-winged stoneflies and needleflies. This family contains at least 390 species.
Thomas Townley Macan was a British freshwater zoologist (limnologist), field studies director and author. He had a particular interest in freshwater invertebrates.
Jacques F. Aubert was a Swiss entomologist.
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Siphonoperla is a genus of stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae.
Xanthoperla apicalis is a species of stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae.
Thaumatoperla alpina is a species of stonefly in the genus Thaumatoperla, and are the largest Australian stonefly. They are endemic to the Bogong High Plains area of the Victorian alps, Australia.
Data related to Siphonoperla torrentium at Wikispecies
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