Osphronemus is a genus of large gouramis, the only genus within the subfamily Osphroneminae. These fish are known as the giant gouramis and are native to rivers, lakes, pools, swamps and floodplains in Southeast Asia, with O. exodon from the Mekong basin, O. laticlavius and O. septemfasciatus from Borneo, while O. goramy is relatively widespread. O. goramy has been introduced outside its native range in Asia, Africa and Australia.
Sphaerichthys is a genus of gouramies native to Southeast Asia known as chocolate gourami.
The giant gourami is a species of large gourami native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia. It has also been introduced elsewhere. The species is commercially important as a food fish and is also farmed. It can be found in the aquarium trade, as well. The species has been used for weed control on highly invasive aquatic plants like Salvinia molesta, as the giant gourami can be a voracious herbivore.
Betta midas is a species of gourami in the genus Betta. It is native to Asia, specifically the island of Borneo, where it occurs in the Kapuas River basin in West Kalimantan in Indonesia, as well as western Sarawak in Malaysia. It is typically found in acidic blackwater rivers in remnant and intact peat swamp forests. The species reaches 6.6 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Rineloricaria heteroptera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from forest creeks in the Amazon River basin near Manaus in Brazil. The species reaches 13.3 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Rineloricaria strigilata, commonly known as the Santa Cruz whiptail catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from southern Brazil and Uruguay, with its type locality being listed as the Lagoa dos Patos basin near Santa Cruz do Sul. It is typically found in environments with slow to fast water flow, clear to brown water, and a substrate composed of sand or mud. The species reaches 13.9 cm in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
Spatuloricaria phelpsi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Lake Maracaibo basin in Venezuela, with its type locality reportedly being the Socuy River. The species reaches 33.8 cm in standard length and is known to feed on algae and detritus.
Sphaerichthys selatanensis, sometimes known as the crossband chocolate gourami, is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the Kalimantan region of Borneo in Indonesia. The species reaches 4 cm in standard length. It is known to be a facultative air-breather, and males of the species exhibit mouthbrooding.
Sphaerichthys vaillanti, sometimes known as Vaillant's chocolate gourami, is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it is known only from the Kalimantan region of Borneo in Indonesia. It is generally seen in pairs in small creeks where wood debris is abundant. It is known to mimic dead leaves as a form of camouflage. The species reaches 3.9 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Parasphaerichthys lineatus is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it is known only from southern Myanmar. The species reaches 1.9 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. Observations of the species in captivity suggest that males pick up released eggs and store them in nests adhered to the corners of small stones.
Betta krataios is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the lower Kapuas River basin in West Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. The species reaches 4.5 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific name, krataios, is derived from Greek and means "strong", referring to the relatively robust build of the species.
Betta apollon is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it occurs only in shaded hillstreams in Thailand. It is typically found in shallow, close-to-shore portions of streams in the vicinity of roots, plants, or leaf litter, although it may also be found in fast-flowing areas between boulders. The water in which the species occurs is usually clear, with a pH of 6.2, a conductivity of 20 to 40 µS/cm, and a temperature of 24 to 26 °C. The species reaches 5.1 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific name, apollon, refers to the god Apollo.
Betta fusca, commonly known as the dusky betta, is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it occurs on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The species reaches 8.2 cm in total length and is known to be a mouthbrooder and a facultative air-breather.
Betta pallida is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it is known only from Thailand. It is typically found in clear, slow-flowing creek environments with a depth of 20 to 50 cm, a pH of 6.3 to 6.5, a conductivity of 69 to 82 µS/cm, a temperature of 25.5 to 26.6 °C, and dense leaf litter. The species reaches 3.4 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific name, pallida, is derived from Latin and refers to its pale coloration.
Betta prima is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in southeastern Thailand, as well as the Mekong basin in Cambodia and Laos. It is typically found among plants in marshes and slow-flowing streams. The water that the species occurs in is typically clear, with a pH of 6.6, a conductivity of 180 µS/cm, and a temperature of 25.8 °C. The species reaches 5 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta schalleri, sometimes known as Schaller's mouthbrooder, is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it is known only from Bangka Island in Indonesia. It is typically found in hillstreams and peat swamp forests. The species reaches 4.5 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta stigmosa is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it occurs only in the state of Terengganu in Malaysia. It is typically found in hillstreams. The species reaches 4.1 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta stiktos is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the Mekong basin in Cambodia. The species reaches 2.8 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. It is sometimes seen in the aquarium trade, and the species was reportedly feared to be possibly extinct prior to its reappearance within the trade.
Betta ideii is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it is known only from South Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. The species reaches 8.3 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific name, ideii, honors the fish collector Takashige Idei.
Betta ocellata, sometimes known as the eyespot mouthbrooder, is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in northeastern Borneo, specifically Sabah and East Kalimantan, in the countries of Malaysia and Indonesia respectively. It is typically found in slow-flowing areas such as ravines and isolated pools in the vicinity of floating leaves and submerged leaf litter. Individuals of the species are excellent jumpers, feeding primarily on terrestrial insects, although aquatic invertebrates are also consumed. The species reaches 8 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
