Statilia gens

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Titus Statilius Taurus, consul in 37 and 26 BC, from Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum, by Guillaume Rouille (1518?-1589). Titus Statilius Taurus.jpg
Titus Statilius Taurus, consul in 37 and 26 BC, from Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum , by Guillaume Rouille (1518?-1589).

The gens Statilia was a plebeian family of Lucanian origin at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in the third century BC, when one of them led the Lucanian assault on the city of Thurii, and another commanded an allied cavalry troop during the Second Punic War; but at Rome the Statilii first come to attention in the time of Cicero, at which point they held equestrian rank. The first of the family to attain the consulship was Titus Statilius Taurus in 37 BC, and his descendants continued to fill the highest offices of the Roman state until the time of Marcus Aurelius. [1]

Contents

Origin

The nomen Statilius belongs to a class of gentilicia ending in the suffix -ilius, derived from other names ending in the diminutive suffix -ulus. [2] Statilius is a derivative of the common Oscan praenomen Statius, the diminutive of which may have been Statulus. The same praenomen also gave rise to the Statia gens. [3]

Praenomina

The earliest Statilii bore common Oscan praenomina, such as Sthenius (or Statius) and Marius. In the late Republic, we find Lucius and Quintus , both among the most common praenomina throughout all periods of Roman history. The consular families from the first centuries of the Empire used Titus to the exclusion of all other regular praenomina, although two of the Statilii Tauri exchanged their original praenomina for the names Sisenna and Taurus. In the case of Taurus, the name was simply the cognomen of the family used as a praenomen, while Sisenna commemorated the descent of the family from the Cornelii Sisennae, a noble family of the Republic, through a female line.

Branches and cognomina

The most important branch of the Statilii bore the cognomen Taurus, referring to a bull, and belonging to a large class of surnames derived from the names of animals and everyday objects. [4] This family remained prominent from the end of the Republic to the reign of Claudius, and its name appears on coins of the era. [1]

Corvinus, borne as a surname by one of the consular Statilii, was inherited from his grandfather, Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, consul in 31 BC, a descendant of the illustrious house of the Valerii Messallae, and of Marcus Valerius Corvus, who obtained his cognomen when, as a young soldier, he defeated a giant Gaul in single combat, with the apparently divine intervention of a raven, or corvus. [5] [6] [7]

A later family of the Statilii bore the cognomina Maximus and Severus, both common surnames throughout Roman history. Titus Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus, consul in AD 115, was the descendant of wealthy Syrian colonists. [8] Maximus, the superlative of Magnus, "great", could have described someone of great stature or high achievement, but was more often used to designate the eldest of several brothers. [9] Severus was used to describe someone whose manner was "stern" or "serious". [9]

Members

Titus Statilius Taurus built the first stone amphitheatre built at Rome. It stood from 30 BC to the Great Fire in AD 64. Amphitaterum Tauri 1663.jpg
Titus Statilius Taurus built the first stone amphitheatre built at Rome. It stood from 30 BC to the Great Fire in AD 64.
This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Statilii Tauri

Statilia Messalina, Roman Empress from AD 66 to 68. 17th century woodcut, unknown artist. Statilia Messalina.jpg
Statilia Messalina, Roman Empress from AD 66 to 68. 17th century woodcut, unknown artist.

Statilii Optati

Statilii Maximi et Severi

See also

Notes

  1. Sthenius (or Stenius) in Pliny, Statius in Valerius Maximus. Both were regular Oscan praenomina.

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References

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  75. 1 2 3 CIL VI, 41272.
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  77. PIR, S. 597.
  78. PIR, S. 605.
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Bibliography