Stenanthemum pumilum

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Stenanthemum pumilum
Stenanthemum pumilum.jpg
In Stirling Range National Park
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Stenanthemum
Species:
S. pumilum
Binomial name
Stenanthemum pumilum
Synonyms [1]
  • Cryptandra pumila(F.Muell.) F.Muell.
  • Spyridium pumilumF.Muell.
  • Stenanthemum leucocephalumDomin nom. inval., pro syn.

Stenanthemum pumilum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a low, compact shrub with hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves, sometimes with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of 10 to 30 white to creamy-white, woolly hairy, tube-shaped flowers.

Contents

Description

Stenanthemum pumilum is a compact shrub that typically grows to a height of 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in), sometimes to 15 cm (5.9 in), but up to 15 cm (5.9 in) wide, its young stems covered with silvery or rust-coloured hairs. Its leaves are narrowly egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 2.5–14 mm (0.098–0.551 in) long and 0.8–5 mm (0.031–0.197 in) wide on a petiole 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with egg-shaped or broadly triangular stipules 1.5–4 mm (0.059–0.157 in) long sheathing the stems. The lower surface of the leaves is densely covered with soft hairs pressed against the surface. The flowers are white to creamy-white, densely covered with woolly hairs and borne in clusters of 10 to 30, 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) wide. The floral tube is 1.5–2.6 mm (0.059–0.102 in) long and 1.0–1.4 mm (0.039–0.055 in) wide, the sepals densely woolly-hairy and 0.8–1.4 mm (0.031–0.055 in) long, and the petals 0.5–0.7 mm (0.020–0.028 in) long. Flowering time depends on subspecies, and the fruit is 1.8–2.6 mm (0.071–0.102 in) long. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1875 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Spyridium pumilum in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from specimens he collected in the Stirling Range. [5] [6] In 1904, Ludwig Diels changed the name to Stenanthemum pumilum in the journal Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie . [7] The specific epithet (pumilum) means "diminutive" or "little". [8]

In 2007, Barbara Lynette Rye described two subspecies of S. pumilum, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Stenanthemum pumilum subsp. majas grows with Allocasuarina and Eucalyptus species, often in gravelly laterite or on granite outcrops, between the Brookton Highway and Highbury in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest bioregions of south-western Western Australia. [4] [11] [15] Subspecies pumilum mostly grows in low heath and is restricted to the eastern half of the Stirling Range in the Esperance Plains bioregion. [4] [14] [15]

Conservation status

Subspecies majus is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, [12] but subsp. pumilum is listed as "Priority Three", [15] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat. [16]

Related Research Articles

<i>Stenanthemum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Stenanthemum is a genus of flowering plants family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Stenanthemum are small shrubs usually lacking spines. The leaves are arranged alternately along the branches, simple, usually folded in half lengthwise on a short petiole. The flowers are arranged in dense heads, usually on the ends of branches with bracts at the base of the flowers, and there are sometimes whitish floral leaves. The flowers are bisexual, more or less sessile and have five sepals, five petals and a tube-shaped hypanthium, the petals hooded over the stamens. The fruit is a schizocarp containing spotted or mottled seeds.

Stenanthemum argenteum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of Queensland. It is a shrub with hairy branches, lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and heads of about seven hairy white, tube-shaped flowers.

Stenanthemum bremerense is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect, or low spreading shrub with hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped leaves and densely hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers, sometimes with whitish floral leaves.

Stenanthemum complicatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a woody, erect or straggling shrub with densely hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped leaves and densely woolly-hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers.

Stenanthemum coronatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped leaves and densely shaggy-hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers.

Stenanthemum divaricatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a small, often spiny shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, fan-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped leaves and densely, softly-hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum humile</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum humile is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a low, erect perennial herb or shrub with white, woolly-hairy young stems, linear to narrowly elliptic leaves and densely, woolly-hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum intricatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum intricatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading, often wiry shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, egg-shaped to fan-shaped leaves and greyish, densely softly-hairy heads of white or cream-coloured flowers.

Stenanthemum liberum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a dwarf or prostrate shrub with densely hairy young stems, elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, and densely hairy heads of tube-shaped flowers.

Stenanthemum limitatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect or straggling shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, egg-shaped to fan-shaped leaves and greyish, softly-hairy heads of white or cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum leucophractum</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum leucophractum, commonly known as rusty poison, white cryptandra or white stenanthemum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading shrub or subshrub with softly-hairy young stems, egg-shaped to fan-shaped leaves and heads of white or yellowish flowers surrounded by white, felt-like floral leaves.

Stenanthemum mediale is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to inland Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with densely hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves and densely hairy heads of silvery to rust-coloured flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum nanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum nanum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and densely silvery-hairy heads of white or cream-coloured flowers.

Stenanthemum newbeyi is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading shrub with hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of rust-coloured, densely shaggy-hairy flowers, surrounded by whitish floral leaves.

Stenanthemum notiale is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is native to Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. It is a small, erect to prostrate shrub with hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of white to cream-coloured or greenish yellow, densely shaggy-hairy flowers.

Stenanthemum patens is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the inland of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with densely hairy young stems and a few spines, egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and densely hairy clusters of tube-shaped flowers.

Stenanthemum petraeum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is native to inland Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It is a woody, erect shrub with densely hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped to more or less round leaves, and clusters of white, densely shaggy- to woolly-hairy flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum pimeleoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum pimeleoides, commonly known as spreading stenanthemum or propellor plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a small, prostrate, mat-forming shrub with hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and densely hairy clusters of tube-shaped flowers surrounded by conspicuous, whitish floral leaves.

Stenanthemum poicilum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect or low-lying shrub with hairy young stems, broadly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and clusters of densely hairy white flowers.

<i>Stenanthemum pomaderroides</i> Species of flowering plant

Stenanthemum pomaderroides is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with densely hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and cream-coloured clusters of 10 to 30 tube-shaped flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Stenanthemum pumilum". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  2. ↑ Kellerman, Jurgen; Thiele, Kevin R. Kodela, Phillip G. (ed.). "Stenanthemum pumilum". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  3. ↑ "Stenanthemum pumilum". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Kellermann, Jürgen; Thiele, Kevin R. (2021). "The other 'propeller plant' – Notes on Stenanthemum Reissek (Rhamnaceae: Pomaderreae) and a key to the genus in Australia" (PDF). Swainsona. 35: 20–21. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  5. ↑ "Spyridium pumilum". APNI. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  6. ↑ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1875). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. pp. 137–138. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  7. ↑ "Stenanthemum pumilum". APNI. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  8. ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 287. ISBN   9780958034180.
  9. ↑ "Stenanthemum pumilum subsp. majus". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  10. 1 2 Rye, Barbara L. (2007). "New species and keys for Cryptandra and Stenanthemum (Rhamnaceae) in Western Australia". Nuytsia. 16 (2): 377–379. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  11. 1 2 Kellerman, Jurgen; Thiele, Kevin R. Kodela, Phillip G. (ed.). "Stenanthemum pumilum subsp. majus". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  12. 1 2 "Stenanthemum pumilum subsp. majus". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. ↑ "Stenanthemum pumilumsubsp. pumilum". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  14. 1 2 Kellerman, Jurgen; Thiele, Kevin R. Kodela, Phillip G. (ed.). "Stenanthemum pumilum". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Stenanthemum pumilum". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. ↑ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
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