Stigmella laquaeorum

Stigmella laquaeorum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nepticulidae
Genus:	Stigmella
Species:	S. laquaeorum
Binomial name
Stigmella laquaeorum (Dugdale, 1971) [1]
Synonyms [1] [2]
Nepticula laquaeorumDugdale, 1971 Nepticula laqueorum(Dugdale, 1971) Stigmella laqueorum(Dugdale, 1971)

Stigmella laquaeorum is a species of moth of the family Nepticulidae. ^[3] It is endemic to New Zealand and has only been found on Snares Islands / Tini Heke. The egg is laid on the underside leaf. Larvae are leaf miners. There may be up to 20 mines per leaf. Larvae are present in all months. The cocoon is attached to fallen large debris or trunk bases. Adults have been recorded on the wing from late November to February. They are diurnal, flying only in the morning. This species is classified as "At Risk, Naturally Uncommon" by the Department of Conservation.

Taxonomy

This species was originally described by John S. Dugdale under the name Nepticula laquaeorum. ^[4] In 1988 Dugdale noted that the epithet laquaeorum was inadmissible and amended it to the spelling of laqueorum. ^{[1] : 126} He also placed the species within the genus Stigmella . ^{[1] : 53} The taxonomy of this species was also studied by Hans Donner and Christopher Wilkinson in 1989 who also used the epithet laqueorum. ^[2] However in the 2016 revision of global species in Nepticulidae and Opostegidae the epithet laquaeorum was used. ^[3] The holotype specimen is held at the New Zealand Arthropod Collection. ^[1]

Description

The larvae of this species are up to 6 mm long and pale green. ^[2]

The adult moths have a forewing length of between 3–4 mm. ^[2] This species is similar in appearance to its close relative Stigmella fulva. ^[4] However it can be distinguished from that species as S. laqueorum has basally black costa and has no linear black scale marks on the discal cell area. ^[4] S. laqueorum is also smaller and has more obvious wing markings than S. fulva. ^[2]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand. ^[5] It can only be found on Snares Islands / Tini Heke. ^[4]

Host species

The larvae feed on Olearia lyallii . ^[2]

Conservation status

This species has been classified as having the "At Risk, Naturally Uncommon" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. ^[6]

References

1. Dugdale , J. S. (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 1–264. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN   0111-5383. Wikidata   Q45083134.
2. Hans Donner; Christopher Wilkinson (28 April 1989). "Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 16. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 27. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.16. ISSN   0111-5383. OCLC   924829916. Wikidata   Q45079930.
3. Erik J van Nieukerken; Camiel Doorenweerd; Robert J B Hoare; Donald R Davis (31 October 2016). "Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea)". ZooKeys . 628 (628): 65–246. doi: 10.3897/ZOOKEYS.628.9799 . ISSN   1313-2989. PMC   5126388 . PMID   27917038. Wikidata   Q28109648.
4. Dugdale, J. S. (10 November 1971). "Entomology of the Aucklands and other islands south of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, excluding non-crambine Pyralidae". Pacific Insects Monographs . 27: 117. ISSN   0078-7515. Wikidata   Q64006453.
5. Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 461. ISBN   978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC   973607714. OL   25288394M. Wikidata   Q45922947.
6. Hoare, R.J.B.; Dugdale, J.S.; Edwards, E.D.; Gibbs, G.W.; Patrick, B.H.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Rolfe, J.R. (2017). "Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 20: 8.