Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010

Last updated April 06, 2023

The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 was announced by the formed Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government of the United Kingdom in May 2010, and published on 19 October 2010.^[1] The previous major review of UK defence strategy was the Strategic Defence Review, published in 1998, and updated in 2003 by the Delivering Security in a Changing World white paper.

As well as wanting an updated security policy, both the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats wanted the £38 billion overspend in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) procurement budget addressed.^[2] With the government committed to reducing the national budget deficit, the Treasury asked the MoD to draw up options for a 10–20% real-terms cut in its budget.^[3] The final amount was a 7.7% reduction over four years.^[4]

Formation

Summary

All three of Britain's armed forces would take cuts in manpower. Overall, the largest overseas deployment was expected to be not more than 30,000 personnel, including maritime and air force units. This compares to the 45,000 involved in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.^[5] In November 2010, the MoD released its plan to implement the changes.^[6]^[7]

Royal Navy

Personnel to be reduced by 5,000 to 30,000.^[1]
One of the Albion class landing platform dock ships to be in extended readiness at any given time. Later confirmed that HMS Albion would be put into extended readiness until 2016, and HMS Bulwark went into extended readiness thereafter.^[3]
Either HMS Ocean or HMS Illustrious to be decommissioned, whichever is least capable as a helicopter carrier. It was announced in December 2010 that HMS Ocean would be retained and HMS Illustrious would be withdrawn from service in 2014.^[8]
One of the Bay-class landing ship dock vessels would be decommissioned.^[1] The Bay-class landing dock RFA Largs Bay was subsequently sold to the Royal Australian Navy in January 2011 for £65 million.^[9]
The number of warheads carried on each Vanguard-class submarine to be reduced from 48 to 40, and the number of operationally available nuclear warheads to be reduced from about 160 to no more than 120.^[1]
The decision on replacement of the UK's nuclear deterrent, based on the Vanguard-class ballistic missile submarines, to be delayed by four years, deferring £500 million in spending. Changes to the size of the missile tubes to save £250 million.^{[ citation needed ]}
Seven Astute-class submarines to be built as planned.^[10]
The surface fleet of frigates and destroyers to be reduced to 19 ships: the current 13 Type 23 frigates and the six active Type 45 destroyers. The remaining four Type 22 frigates: Cornwall (decommissioned 2011), Cumberland (2011), Campbeltown (2011), and Chatham (2011) and five Type 42 destroyers: Manchester (decommissioned 2011), Gloucester (2011), Liverpool (2012), York (2012), and Edinburgh (2013) would be disposed of.^[11] The plan also stated that "as soon as possible after 2020", the Type 23 frigates would be replaced by new Global Combat Ships.^[1]
The Wildcat (Super Lynx) to be the main naval strike helicopter in the future, along with the Merlin.^[1]
A UK Response Force Task Group to be established.

Carrier Strike

The SDSR called for the almost immediate decommissioning of the Royal Navy flagship aircraft carrier, HMS Ark Royal, rather than in 2016 as scheduled. This occurred on 11 March 2011.^[12]

The Report also announced the early retirement of the Joint Force Harrier aircraft, the Harrier GR7/GR9. Both of these measures were to save money for the purchase of the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers.^[3] The Harrier fleet made its last operational flights in December 2010.^[13] In 2011 72 British Harriers were sold to the United States to be used for spares.^[14]

The SDSR proposed that one of the two Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers currently under construction would be certain to be commissioned, with the fate of the other left undecided. It had been suggested that only one carrier, routinely equipped with 12 fast jets, was to be in service at any one time, with the other carrier held in extended readiness. These plans were to be reviewed in 2015.^[1] However, in May 2014 it was announced by Prime Minister David Cameron that the second carrier, Prince of Wales, would be brought into service alongside Queen Elizabeth. He confirmed the second vessel was already 40% built.^[15]

The SDSR announced the government's intention to switch its purchase of F-35Bs to the carrier-variant F-35C to allow for a wider range and weapons to be used.^[1] However, in May 2012 this decision was reversed, and the F-35B was chosen instead, as the previous government had intended. This was because the cost of converting the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers to accommodate the carrier-variant F-35C had risen to twice the original estimate.^[16]^[17]

British Army

Personnel to be reduced by 7,000 to 95,500 by 2015.^[11] To take place within the overall mandate of reducing the army's size to 82,000 regular personnel and 30,000 reservists by 2018.^[18]
The withdrawal of all 20,000 British troops from bases in Germany by 2020.^[19]
The number of Challenger 2 tanks to be cut by 40% to just over 200.^[11]
The number of AS-90 self-propelled heavy artillery guns to be cut by 35% to an estimated 87.^[11]

Royal Air Force

The Nimrod MRA4 was cancelled and all airframes scrapped. ZJ517.jpg — The Nimrod MRA4 was cancelled and all airframes scrapped.

Personnel to be reduced by 5,000 to 33,000.^[11]
After long delays, technical difficulties, and a total cost of £3.2 billion, the Nimrod MRA4 maritime patrol aircraft project was scrapped.^[20] RAF Kinloss, where the aircraft were to be based, ended its 73-year association with the RAF on 26 July 2012 when it was transferred to the Army.^[21]
Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft procurement to go ahead, to replace the ageing VC10 and TriStars.^[1] The VC10 made its final flight in RAF service on 20 September 2013.^[22]
The purchase of 22 Airbus A400M military transport aircraft was confirmed, with the aircraft to operate alongside the RAF's eight C-17s.^[1]
The C-130J fleet to be retired by 2022, ten years earlier than planned.^[1]
The proposed purchase of 12 additional Chinook helicopters – a cut to the original order for 22.^[11]^[23] However, in 2011 the Ministry of Defence signed a contract for 14 Chinooks.^[24]
The RAF's future fast-jet fleet to be based on the Typhoon and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, with the latter also to be flown by the Royal Navy.^[1]
The Sentinel R1 ground surveillance aircraft would be retired when it was no longer required to support forces in Afghanistan.^[1] The utility of the aircraft in deployments over Libya and Mali has led to some calls for the retention of the aircraft.^[25]^[26]

Criticism

On 3 August 2011, the House of Commons Defence Select Committee published a critical review of the SDSR. The review had led to wide-ranging cuts to the Armed Forces, which were widely criticised for damaging the capabilities of the British military.^[27] The review was subsequently criticized for leaving Britain unprepared in a changing international environment, particularly in relation to its ability to retain trained personnel. In 2018, a report by the National Audit Office found that the numbers of trained regulars had fallen from some 180,000 personnel in 2010 to fewer than 140,000 in 2017/18. The numbers in 2017/18 were some 8,200 people below the stated requirement.^[28] In 2015, the House of Commons defence committee again concluded that “The UK’s current defence assumptions are not sufficient for [the] changed environment ... Now there is a requirement to support stability in a dozen different theatres simultaneously, and to engage with both unconventional and conventional threats.”^[29]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Air Force</span> Aerial warfare and space force of the United Kingdom

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). Following the Allied victory over the Central Powers in 1918, the RAF emerged as the largest air force in the world at the time. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history. In particular, it played a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain.

The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy and is responsible for the delivery of naval air power both from land and at sea. The Fleet Air Arm operates the F-35 Lightning II for maritime strike and the AW159 Wildcat and AW101 Merlin for commando and anti-submarine warfare.

The Invincible class was a class of light aircraft carrier operated by the Royal Navy. Three ships were constructed: HMS Invincible, HMS Illustrious and HMS Ark Royal. The vessels were built as aviation-capable anti-submarine warfare (ASW) platforms to counter the Cold War North Atlantic Soviet submarine threat, and initially embarked Sea Harrier aircraft and Sea King HAS.1 anti-submarine helicopters. With cancellation of the aircraft carriers renewal programme in the 1960s, the three ships became the replacements for Ark Royal and Eagle fleet carriers and the Centaur-class light fleet carriers, and the Royal Navy's sole class of aircraft carrier.

HMS Ark Royal was a light aircraft carrier and former flagship of the Royal Navy. She was the third and final vessel of Invincible class. She was built by Swan Hunter on the River Tyne and launched by them in 1981. Ark Royal was christened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. She followed sister ships HMS Invincible and HMS Illustrious into service in 1985.

HMS Ocean was a Landing Platform Helicopter, formerly the UK's helicopter carrier and the fleet flagship of the Royal Navy. She was designed to support amphibious landing operations and to support the staff of Commander UK Amphibious Force and Commander UK Landing Force. She was constructed in the mid-1990s by Kvaerner Govan on the River Clyde and fitted out by VSEL at Barrow-in-Furness prior to trials and subsequent acceptance in service. Ocean was commissioned in September 1998 at her home port HMNB Devonport, Plymouth.

HMS Illustrious was a light aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and the second of three Invincible-class ships constructed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. She was the fifth warship and second aircraft carrier to bear the name Illustrious, and was affectionately known to her crew as "Lusty". In 1982, the conflict in the Falklands necessitated that Illustrious be completed and rushed south to join her sister ship HMS Invincible and the veteran carrier HMS Hermes. To this end, she was brought forward by three months for completion at Swan Hunter Shipyard, then commissioned on 20 June 1982 at sea en route to Portsmouth Dockyard to take on board extra stores and crew. She arrived in the Falklands to relieve Invincible on 28 August 1982 in a steam past. Returning to the United Kingdom, she was not formally commissioned into the fleet until 20 March 1983. After her South Atlantic deployment, she was deployed on Operation Southern Watch in Iraq, then Operation Deny Flight in Bosnia during the 1990s and Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone in 2000. An extensive re-fit during 2002 prevented her from involvement in the 2003 Iraq War, but she was repaired in time to assist British citizens trapped by the 2006 Lebanon War.

HMS Albion is an amphibious transport dock of the Royal Navy, the first of the two-ship Albion class. Built by BAE Systems Marine in Barrow-in-Furness, Albion was launched in March 2001 by the Princess Royal. Her sister ship, Bulwark, was launched in November 2001, also from Barrow. Affiliated to the city of Chester and based in Plymouth, she is the ninth ship to carry the name Albion, stretching back to the 74-gun 1763 warship, and last carried by an aircraft carrier decommissioned in 1973 after 19 years service. Designed as an amphibious warfare ship, Albion carries troops, normally Royal Marines, and vehicles up to the size of the Challenger 2 main battle tank. She can deploy these forces using four Landing Craft Utility (LCUs) and four Landing Craft Vehicle and Personnel (LCVPs). A flight deck supports helicopter operations.

The Queen Elizabeth class is a class of two aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy which are the central components of the UK Carrier Strike Group. The lead ship, HMS Queen Elizabeth, was named on 4 July 2014, in honour of Elizabeth I. She was commissioned on 7 December 2017. The second, HMS Prince of Wales, was launched on 21 December 2017, and was commissioned on 10 December 2019.

HMS Prince of Wales (R09) is the second Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy. Unlike most large aircraft carriers, Prince of Wales is not fitted with catapults and arrestor wires, and is instead designed to operate STOVL aircraft; the ship is currently planned to carry up to 48 F-35B Lightning II stealth multirole fighters and Merlin helicopters for airborne early warning and anti-submarine warfare, although in surge conditions the class is capable of supporting 70+ F-35B. The design emphasises flexibility, with accommodation for 250 Royal Marines and the ability to support them with attack helicopters and troop transports up to and larger than Chinook size.

The 1966 Defence White Paper was a major review of the United Kingdom's defence policy initiated by the Labour government under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. The review was led by the Secretary of State for Defence, Denis Healey. The document was centred on the need to support NATO in Europe and made the commitment that the UK, "would not undertake major operations of war except in co-operation with allies." The 1966 announcements undertook to retain the UK presence in Singapore and Malaysia.

Future planning of the Royal Navy's capabilities is set through periodic Defence Reviews carried out by the British Government. The Royal Navy's role in the 2020s, and beyond, is outlined in the 2021 defence white paper, which was published on 22 March 2021. The white paper is one component of the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy, titled as Global Britain in a Competitive Age which was published on 16 March 2021.

Joint Force Harrier, initially known as Joint Force 2000 and towards the end of its life as Joint Strike Wing, was the British military formation which controlled the British Aerospace Harrier II and British Aerospace Sea Harrier aircraft of the Royal Air Force and Fleet Air Arm between 2000 and 2011. It was subordinate to RAF Air Command.

The Strategic Defence Review (SDR) was a British policy document produced in July 1998 by the Labour Government that had gained power a year previously. Then Secretary of State for Defence, George Robertson, set out the initial defence policy of the new government, with a series of key decisions designed to enhance the United Kingdom's armed forces.

The British Aerospace Harrier II is a second-generation vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) jet aircraft used previously by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and, between 2006 and 2010, the Royal Navy (RN). The aircraft was the latest development of the Harrier family, and was derived from the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II. Initial deliveries of the Harrier II were designated in service as Harrier GR5; subsequently upgraded airframes were redesignated accordingly as GR7 and GR9.

The Joint Combat Aircraft (JCA) is the official designation of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence used for the F-35 Lightning II. The F-35, developed from the X-35, is the result of the Joint Strike Fighter program.

The history of the Royal Air Force, the air force of the United Kingdom, spans a century of British military aviation.

The planning for the future of the Royal Air Force involves supporting ongoing British military operations, the introduction of new aircraft types including unmanned aerial vehicles, greater focus on network enabled capability and increasing interoperability with members of NATO, team tempest, and mixed crewed fighters. From the updated plans of the RAF (2021) state that the new initiative will focus on becoming carbon net-zero, with strategies such as using sustainable aviation fuels in aircraft. The RAF also are looking into investing in the maintenance of the aircraft to ensure success of future operations.

The 1981 Defence White Paper was a major review of the United Kingdom's defence policy brought about by the Conservative government under the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The main author was the then Secretary of State for Defence, John Nott. The aim of the review was to reduce expenditure during the early 1980s recession and to focus on supporting NATO rather than out of area operations. It was ultimately judged however to have been extremely detrimental to the Defence of the Realm, being among other things widely considered to have been one of the contributing factors that led to the outbreak of the Falklands War.

The National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 was published by the British government during the second Cameron ministry on 23 November 2015 to outline the United Kingdom's defence strategy up to 2025. It identified key threats to the UK and the capabilities it required to address them.

The UK Carrier Strike Group (UKCSG) is a carrier battle group of the Royal Navy. It has existed in various forms since the mid-2000s. Between 2006 and 2011, the formation centred around the Royal Navy's Invincible-class aircraft carriers until the retirement of their Harrier GR9 strike aircraft in 2011 as a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review. The UKCSG subsequently returned in February 2015 ahead of the entry into service of the new Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers, HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. The aim of the CSG is to facilitate carrier-enabled power projection.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). HM Government. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
↑ Taylor, Claire; Lunn, Jon (13 October 2010). "Strategic Defence and Security Review (research note)" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2010.
1 2 3 "Q&A: Strategic Defence and Security Review". BBC News. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
↑ Watt, Nicholas (17 October 2010). "Next Generation of Nimrod 'Spy in the Sky' Surveillance Planes to be Scrapped". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
↑ Mulholland, Helene (19 October 2010). "UK Can No Longer Mount Military Operations Like Iraq Invasion, Government Decides". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
↑ "Business Plan 2011-2015 - Ministry of Defence" (PDF). 8 November 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
↑ "2010-11-09" . Retrieved 9 November 2010.
↑ "Statement by Lord Astor of Hever". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Lords. 15 December 2010. col. WS113.
↑ Oakes, Dan (21 January 2011). "Navy Eyes Redundant UK vessel". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
↑ Watt, Nicholas (19 October 2010). "David Cameron to Delay Trident Replacement". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 6 "Cameron Reveals 42,000 Job Cuts in Defence Review". defencemanagement.com. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011.
↑ "Final Farewell for Decommissioned Warship HMS Ark Royal". BBC News. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑ "Last Trip for One of Britain's Iconic Aircraft". BBC News. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
↑ "UK Sells 72 Retired Harrier Jump Jets for $180m to US". BBC News. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
↑ "NATO Summit 2014: Speech by David Cameron". HM Government. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
↑ Norton-Taylor, Richard (10 May 2012). "UK Sells 72 Retired Harrier Jump Jets for $180m to US". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
↑ "Defence Secretary gets Update on Aircraft Carrier Project". Ministry of Defence. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014. HMS Prince of Wales, which only started assembly in September here in Rosyth, is now more than 40% complete.
↑ "Army to Reduce by 23 Units". Ministry of Defence. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
↑ "Defence Review Ends Iraq-sized Ventures". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
↑ Hope, Christopher (19 October 2010). "Defence Review: £3.6billion Nimrod Programme Scrapped". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
↑ "RAF Colours Come Down at Kinloss Airfield". BBC News. 26 July 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
↑ "Vickers VC10 Jetliners Fly Last Mission from RAF Brize Norton". BBC News. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
↑ "Defence Review at a Glance". BBC News. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
↑ "MoD to Buy 14 New Chinook Helicopters in £1bn Deal". BBC News. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
↑ Hoyle, Craig (10 July 2013). "RAF Lifts Lid on Sentinel's Role in Mali". Flightglobal. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
↑ Wyatt, Caroline (11 May 2011). "On Board the RAF's Sentinel R1 Spy Plane over Libya". BBC News.
↑ The Defence Committee (10 July 2011). "Strategic Defence and Security Review (sixth report)" (PDF). parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
↑ Ensuring sufficient skilled military personnel nao.org.uk April 2018
↑ "British defence plans fail to meet new threats - MPS". Reuters . 24 March 2015.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[sdsr-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). HM Government. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2018.

[2] Taylor, Claire; Lunn, Jon (13 October 2010). "Strategic Defence and Security Review (research note)" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2010.

[bbcqanda-3] 1 2 3 "Q&A: Strategic Defence and Security Review". BBC News. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.

[guardian-4] Watt, Nicholas (17 October 2010). "Next Generation of Nimrod 'Spy in the Sky' Surveillance Planes to be Scrapped". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

[5] Mulholland, Helene (19 October 2010). "UK Can No Longer Mount Military Operations Like Iraq Invasion, Government Decides". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

[6] "Business Plan 2011-2015 - Ministry of Defence" (PDF). 8 November 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.

[7] "2010-11-09" . Retrieved 9 November 2010.

[8] "Statement by Lord Astor of Hever". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Lords. 15 December 2010. col. WS113.

[9] Oakes, Dan (21 January 2011). "Navy Eyes Redundant UK vessel". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2011.

[10] Watt, Nicholas (19 October 2010). "David Cameron to Delay Trident Replacement". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[defmgmt-11] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Cameron Reveals 42,000 Job Cuts in Defence Review". defencemanagement.com. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011.

[12] "Final Farewell for Decommissioned Warship HMS Ark Royal". BBC News. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.

[13] "Last Trip for One of Britain's Iconic Aircraft". BBC News. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

[14] "UK Sells 72 Retired Harrier Jump Jets for $180m to US". BBC News. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

[15] "NATO Summit 2014: Speech by David Cameron". HM Government. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[16] Norton-Taylor, Richard (10 May 2012). "UK Sells 72 Retired Harrier Jump Jets for $180m to US". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

[17] "Defence Secretary gets Update on Aircraft Carrier Project". Ministry of Defence. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014. HMS Prince of Wales, which only started assembly in September here in Rosyth, is now more than 40% complete.

[18] "Army to Reduce by 23 Units". Ministry of Defence. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[ft-19] "Defence Review Ends Iraq-sized Ventures". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

[Daily_Telegraph-20] Hope, Christopher (19 October 2010). "Defence Review: £3.6billion Nimrod Programme Scrapped". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.

[21] "RAF Colours Come Down at Kinloss Airfield". BBC News. 26 July 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

[BBC24165590-22] "Vickers VC10 Jetliners Fly Last Mission from RAF Brize Norton". BBC News. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.

[23] "Defence Review at a Glance". BBC News. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.

[24] "MoD to Buy 14 New Chinook Helicopters in £1bn Deal". BBC News. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[25] Hoyle, Craig (10 July 2013). "RAF Lifts Lid on Sentinel's Role in Mali". Flightglobal. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[26] Wyatt, Caroline (11 May 2011). "On Board the RAF's Sentinel R1 Spy Plane over Libya". BBC News.

[27] The Defence Committee (10 July 2011). "Strategic Defence and Security Review (sixth report)" (PDF). parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

[28] Ensuring sufficient skilled military personnel nao.org.uk April 2018

[29] "British defence plans fail to meet new threats - MPS". Reuters . 24 March 2015.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]