Sturgeon chub | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Cypriniformes |
Family: | Leuciscidae |
Subfamily: | Pogonichthyinae |
Genus: | Macrhybopsis |
Species: | M. gelida |
Binomial name | |
Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard, 1856) | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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The sturgeon chub (Macrhybopsis gelida) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. [2] It is found only in the United States. It is a species of concern in the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. [3]
The type species was collected in the Milk River in Montana, and described by Charles Frédéric Girard in 1856. [4] Girard named it Gobio gelidus, but it was reclassified as Hybopsis gelidus in 1900 and Macrhybopsis gelidus in 1935. [4] A new classification of Hybopsis gelida was suggested in 1965. [4]
The sturgeon chub is slender, streamlined fish with a long, flat snout. [5] [6] The snout resembles that of a sturgeon, which gives the fish its name. Adults grow to be about 3 inches (7.6 cm) in length. [7] There is a small barbel near the corner of the mouth, and small pustules on the throat. [4] The scales on the sturgeon chub's back and sides have a small ridge-like projection known as a "keel". The purpose of the keel is not established, but may help the fish stabilize and orient itself in fast currents [5] or as a means of detecting currents. [7] The eyes are small and it does not see well. [8] The fish's color ranges from silvery-white on the belly to silvery sides, with a light-brown back. [6] The tail is deeply forked, with the lower lobe darker than the upper lobe. [6] The body fins are triangular, [9] slightly rounded, [4] and straight-edged (unlike the sicklefin chub). [10] The last dorsal fin ray extends beyond the first ray of the depressed fin. [10]
Little is known about its feeding habits, [9] although it does have teeth in its throat. [6] The body is covered with taste buds which help it locate food. [11] It lives in waters which are little populated by other small fish, but can be found associating with the flathead chub, sicklefin chub, and speckled chub. [6]
Sturgeon chub exhibits little sexual dimorphism, and neither sex exhibits color changes during breeding. However, the male does develop small tubercles behind the gills during breeding. [9] It lays eggs on gravel or clean sand to reproduce. [5] Breeding probably occurs in June. [12]
The habitat of the sturgeon chub is murky river bottoms in fast-flowing streams with gravel bottoms. [5] Its habitat extends over the Missouri River and its primary tributaries, the lower Mississippi River in the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and some streams in northeastern Wyoming. [5] Increased silt and the construction of dams (which cause silt to settle and slow river currents) have destroyed extensive portions of its habitat. [5] It remains common in the middle Missouri River, but rare elsewhere. [10] The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) estimated in 2001 that it only inhabited about 59 percent of its former range. [13]