| Sulzbacheromyces bicolor | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Lepidostromatales |
| Family: | Lepidostromataceae |
| Genus: | Sulzbacheromyces |
| Species: | S. bicolor |
| Binomial name | |
| Sulzbacheromyces bicolor D.Liu, Li S.Wang & Goffinet (2017) | |
Sulzbacheromyces bicolor is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. [1] It occurs in Yunnan, China.
Sulzbacheromyces bicolor was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Dong Liu, Li-Song Wang, and Bernard Goffinet. It is most closely related to S. fossicolus , from which it can be distinguished by its two-toned colouration and the presence of a silvery-white coating (called a prothallus) on its crust-like body. The species also has specialised fungal connections called clamp connections in its cellular structure, which S. fossicolus lacks. [2]
Molecular phylogenetics analysis has shown that Sulzbacheromyces bicolor forms a clade with other Asian species of Sulzbacheromyces , including S. fossicolus , and S. sinensis , and S. yunnanensis . [3]
The organism consists of a thin, crusty layer (thallus) that grows on soil and rocks, covering areas of 5–40 cm in diameter. This layer appears green to dark green and contains clusters of single-celled green algae that live in partnership with the fungus. A distinctive silvery-white or grey coating (prothallus) covers parts of the crust. The most noticeable features are its upright fruiting bodies, which are club-shaped or cylindrical and occasionally branched. These structures are 3–23 mm tall and 0.3–1 mm wide, with a pale yellow colouration at the tip that transitions to white at the base. Under the microscope, the fungal threads (hyphae) show distinctive swellings and contain oil droplets, and the reproductive cells produce elliptical, transparent spores. [2]
Sulzbacheromyces bicolor is known to occur only in two locations in southwestern Yunnan Province, China, where it grows on exposed red soil and rocks. It appears to prefer areas that receive some seasonal moisture but are generally exposed to light. [2]
Dictyonema is a genus of mainly tropical basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae.
Sulzbacheromyces is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from the other genera of Lepidostromataceae by having an entirely crustose thallus and from Multiclavula (Cantharellales) by having a chlorococcoid photobiont. The type species grows on soil in the neotropics.
Lepidostroma is a genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a distinctly squamulose thallus with scattered to dense rounded to reniform squamules. Four species are known from the tropics of Africa and the Americas.
Sculptolumina is a genus of corticolous lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Bernhard Marbach in 2000, with Sculptolumina japonica designated as the type species.
Candelariella rubrisoli is a species of crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It was described as new to science in 2019 by Dong Liu and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type was collected near Huagou Village, in Dongchuan District. Here it was found growing on Chinese white pine at an elevation of about 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The specific epithet rubrisoli refers to the red soil of the type locality. The lichen is characterized by the areolate to somewhat squamulose (scale-like) thallus. The thallus typically breaks and eventually dissolves into soredia. Calycin and pulvinic acid are the major secondary metabolites present in the lichen.
Lecanora loekoesii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in South Korea, it was formally described as a new species in 2011 by Lei Lü, Yogesh Joshi, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type specimen was collected on Mount Taebaek at an altitude of 910 m (2,990 ft); here it was found growing on oak bark. It is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet loekoesii honours Hungarian lichenologist László Lőkös, who collected the type specimen.
Lecanora hafelliana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in South Korea and in China, where it is fairly common on the bark of deciduous trees such as maple, birch, dogwood, and oak. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2011 by Lei Lü, Yogesh Joshi, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type specimen was collected by Hur on Mount Baekwoon at an elevation of 1,037 m (3,402 ft). In China, it was recorded growing on the bark of Korean pine. The lichen has a dull whitish to ash-grey crust-like thallus with a definite margin, but lacking a prothallus. Lecanora hafelliana contains several secondary compounds, including atranorin, zeorin, usnic acid, a complex of compounds related to stictic acid, and hafellic acid. Its specific epithet alludes to the presence of this latter compound.
Pilophorus fruticosus is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2011 by Li-Song Wang and Xin-Yu Wang. The type specimen was collected on the Cangshan Mountain at an elevation of 3,570 m (11,710 ft); here, the lichen was found growing on rock. The lichen has only been recorded from here and another locality in Yunnan, at a similar altitude. It contains the secondary chemicals atranorin and zeorin. The specific epithet fruticosus refers to the form of the lichen's pseudopodetia.
Lichenomphalia hudsoniana is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is widely distributed in alpine and arctic regions of the world, where it grows on moist soil amongst moss.
Candelinella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. It contains two species of crustose lichens. It is visually similar to the genus Candelina but has unique features, including a distinct thallus and unique spore structures. It was established by Sergey Kondratyuk in 2020, with Candelinella makarevichiae assigned as the type species. The genus is distinguished by the small, crustose thallus that ranges from a granular to areolate or squamulose texture, and the simple to 1-septate, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong ascospores. Its lack of a lower cortex and medulla further sets it apart from Candelina.
Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.
Dictyonema yunnanum is a little-known species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in a tropical area in Southwestern China, this species is characterised by its filamentous, micro-fruticulose thallus. A main distinguishing feature is the presence of erect fibrils with silvery or white tips.
Lichenomphalia velutina is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was first formally described in 1886 by the French mycologist Lucien Quélet, who classified it in the genus Omphalia. It was transferred to its current genus, Lichenomphalia, in 2002. Known primarily as having a European and North American distribution, the fungus was recorded from China for the first time in 2018. Chinese collections occur at elevations greater than 3,000 m (9,800 ft), while those in Europe tend to be at elevations under 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Lichenomphalia velutina also occurs in Greenland. It grows on soil and on moss.
Sulzbacheromyces fossicola is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. First described in 1950 by E. J. H. Corner as Clavaria fossicola, it is characterised by its dark green to indigo blue crusty growth form and distinctive white, club-shaped fruiting bodies that turn beige when dried. The species forms a thin layer on soil or rocks, where it lives in symbiosis with microscopic green algae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical Asia, from India to Singapore, where it specifically grows on exposed yellow and red clay soils in shaded locations. The species was transferred to Sulzbacheromyces in 2017 based on molecular and morphological evidence.
Sulzbacheromyces miomboensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. Found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as was described as new to science in 2017.
Sulzbacheromyces sinensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It is found in Asia.
Sulzbacheromyces yunnanensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It is found in Yunnan, China.
Sulzbacheromyces chocoensis is a species of soil-dwelling basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It forms a thin, olive-green crust on clay soil and produces distinctive unbranched, reddish-orange to yellowish reproductive structures. The species was described in 2018 from specimens collected in Colombia's Chocó Biogeographic Region, where it grows in tropical rainforest environments.
Sulzbacheromyces caatingae is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. Discovered in 2012 in northeastern Brazil, it is characterised by its thin green crustose thallus and distinctive orange-pink, club-shaped reproductive structures. The species has a broad ecological amplitude, occurring across different vegetation types from the semi-arid Caatinga to humid Atlantic Forest fragments, where it grows on soil banks and termite nests near forest edges. As the type species of the genus Sulzbacheromyces, it represents a unique evolutionary lineage within the order Lepidostromatales and can be distinguished from similar-looking species by its undifferentiated thallus structure and association with green algae.
Lepidostroma vilgalysii is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. Discovered in 2012 in Mexico's Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, it grows in small green patches on clay banks in high-altitude pine forests. The species is distinctive because of its unusual "window lichen" structure, where its algal partner is concentrated in a layer at the base rather than near the surface as in most lichens. Its most distinctive features are its club-shaped reproductive structures, which are pale yellow to orange-brown with cream-colored tips, and its scale-like body parts that have white, raised edges. It is known only from a single location near San José Teacalco, Tlaxcala, at an elevation of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level.