| Sulzbacheromyces sinensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Lepidostromatales |
| Family: | Lepidostromataceae |
| Genus: | Sulzbacheromyces |
| Species: | S. sinensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Sulzbacheromyces sinensis (R.H.Petersen & M.Zang) D.Liu & Li S.Wang (2017) | |
| Synonyms [1] [2] | |
| |
Sulzbacheromyces sinensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. [4] It is found in Asia.
The species was first scientifically described in 1986 by the mycologists Ron Petersen and Mu Zang, who initially classified it in the genus Multiclavula . [5] Dong Liu and Lisong Wang transferred it to genus Sulzbacheromyces in 2017. The species shows considerable variation in its appearance depending on environmental conditions, and was also independently described from Japan as Lepidostroma asianum, which is now considered a synonym. [2]
The organism forms a distinctive crusty layer on its substrate , covering areas of 5–70 cm in diameter. This crust appears green to dark green when fresh but becomes silvery and shiny when dried, with a distinctive white to grey coating. The most conspicuous features are its upright fruiting bodies, which reach up to 5.5 cm in height. These structures are yellow to reddish-orange when fresh, turning ochre when dried, and occasionally branch at the tip. They emerge from a pale grey to pink patch and always have a white woolly coating at their base. Each fruiting body develops cracks around its circumference when mature and has a blunt tip that becomes pointed when young or exposed to direct sunlight. The fungus has no distinct taste but produces a mushroom-like odour. [2]
Sulzbacheromyces sinensis is found across tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia, including various provinces of China (Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian) as well as Taiwan and Japan. It grows specifically on red sandy soil and around the base of rocks, particularly in areas that have been exposed for two to three years in newly cultivated areas. The species shows considerable adaptability to different environmental conditions, with its appearance varying notably depending on whether it grows on soil or rock, in direct or indirect light, and in high or low humidity environments. [2]
Aspidistra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia, particularly China and Vietnam. They grow in shade under trees and shrubs. Their leaves arise more or less directly from ground level, where their flowers also appear. The number of species known has increased considerably from the 1980s onwards, with around 100 accepted as of July 2013. Aspidistra elatior is common worldwide as a foliage house plant that is very tolerant of neglect. It and other species can also be grown in shade outside, where they are generally hardy to −5 °C (23 °F).
Ophiocordyceps sinensis, known colloquially as caterpillar fungus, is an entomopathogenic fungus in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is mainly found in the meadows above 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) on the Tibetan Plateau in Tibet and the Himalayan regions of Bhutan, India, and Nepal. It parasitizes larvae of ghost moths and produces a fruiting body which is valued in traditional Chinese medicine as an aphrodisiac. Caterpillar fungus contains the compound cordycepin, an adenosine derivative. However, the fruiting bodies harvested in nature usually contain high amounts of arsenic and other heavy metals, so they are potentially toxic and sales have been strictly regulated by China's State Administration for Market Regulation since 2016.
Sinosaurus is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic Period. It was a bipedal carnivore similar to Dilophosaurus, with proportionally large limbs to its slender body. Fossils of the animal were found at the Lufeng Formation, in the Yunnan Province of China.
Aquilaria sinensis, known as incense tree, is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is endemic to China. It is threatened by habitat loss. This medicinal plant is a source of fragrant wood, formed under a pathological condition, called agarwood.
Boletellus obscurecoccineus, known as the rhubarb bolete, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae, found in Australia, New Guinea, Java, Borneo, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It is a distinctive and colourful bolete of the forest floor.
Sinoboletus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae.
Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus, commonly known as the violet-grey bolete, is a fungus of the bolete family. First described in 1936, the mushroom has a disjunct distribution, and is distributed in eastern North America and Korea. The fruit bodies of the fungus are violet when young, but fade into a chocolate brown color when mature. They are solid and relatively large—cap diameter up to 15 cm (5.9 in), with a white pore surface that later turns pink, and a white mycelium at the base of the stem. The mushroom is inedible. A number of natural products have been identified from the fruit bodies, including unique chemical derivatives of ergosterol, a fungal sterol.
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.
Multiclavula is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Hydnaceae. The widespread genus contains 14 species. The genus was circumscribed by the American mycologist Ron Petersen in 1967, with Multiclavula corynoides assigned as the type species.
Engleromyces sinensis is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It was described as new to science in 2010, based on specimens collected in 1958 and incorrectly identified as Engleromyces goetzii. The fungus is known only from China, where it grows on bamboo culms. It forms fruit bodies in the shape of two roughly circular buff-colored lobes measuring up to 50 cm (20 in) in diameter that envelop the bamboo. E. sinensis has been used as a folk remedy against cancer and infection in Tibet, Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces. Several bioactive metabolites have been isolated and identified from the fungus.
Lepidostromatales is an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. It is the only known order of basidiomycete fungi composed entirely of lichenized members. Morphologically, the fruiting bodies of all species are clavarioid. Six species are known, five of which were described within the span of 2007–2013. Due to its morphological similarity to the genus Multiclavula, its isolated phylogenetic position was not understood until quite recently. The photobionts that have been found in association with members of this group are not known to associate with any other types of lichenized fungi.
Ertzia is a monospecific genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The sole species is Ertzia akagerae, a basidiolichen. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Brendan Hodkinson and Robert Lücking. Ertzia is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a microsquamulose thallus that forms contiguous glomerules with a cortex of jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells. Ertzia akagerae grows on soil in the African tropics.
Sulzbacheromyces is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from the other genera of Lepidostromataceae by having an entirely crustose thallus and from Multiclavula (Cantharellales) by having a chlorococcoid photobiont. The type species grows on soil in the neotropics.
Lepidostroma is a genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a distinctly squamulose thallus with scattered to dense rounded to reniform squamules. Four species are known from the tropics of Africa and the Americas.
Camellia taliensis is a small species of evergreen shrub whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.
Candelariella rubrisoli is a species of crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It was described as new to science in 2019 by Dong Liu and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type was collected near Huagou Village, in Dongchuan District. Here it was found growing on Chinese white pine at an elevation of about 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The specific epithet rubrisoli refers to the red soil of the type locality. The lichen is characterized by the areolate to somewhat squamulose (scale-like) thallus. The thallus typically breaks and eventually dissolves into soredia. Calycin and pulvinic acid are the major secondary metabolites present in the lichen.
Sulzbacheromyces bicolor is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It occurs in Yunnan, China.
Sulzbacheromyces fossicola is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. First described in 1950 by E. J. H. Corner as Clavaria fossicola, it is characterised by its dark green to indigo blue crusty growth form and distinctive white, club-shaped fruiting bodies that turn beige when dried. The species forms a thin layer on soil or rocks, where it lives in symbiosis with microscopic green algae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical Asia, from India to Singapore, where it specifically grows on exposed yellow and red clay soils in shaded locations. The species was transferred to Sulzbacheromyces in 2017 based on molecular and morphological evidence.
Sulzbacheromyces miomboensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. Found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as was described as new to science in 2017.
Sulzbacheromyces yunnanensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It is found in Yunnan, China.