Synagogues of the Swabian type are former synagogues built between 1780 and 1820 in Swabia, Bavaria. [1] They were handsome synagogues of a specific style, reflecting the growing self-confidence and the increased acceptance of the Jews of Swabia in the 18th century.
In the Middle Ages, the Jews in Germany have been expelled from the cities to the countryside and to the margins of society. Therefore, they have settled usually isolated and sporadic. There has been no considerable Jewish community life anymore. Not earlier than at the end of the 16th century there has been again signs of a Jewish reorganization. Jews have begun to re-establish Jewish communities in the villages and have started to build synagogues. In Swabia, this was happening faster, than elsewhere in Germany. [2] The synagogues became more and more handsome. Between 1780 and 1820 it developed its own Swabian style of synagogues, inspired by the Empire style. [1] The following former synagogues are examples of this specific Swabian style. All of them have been plundered and vandalized in 1938 during Kristallnacht. The use of the buildings as synagogues was thus ended.
This synagogue was built between 1805 and 1807 in Wallerstein. 1938 the Nazis vandalized it and used it later as warehouse. Today, there is a bank in the building. [1]
This synagogue was built in 1781 in Ichenhausen. In 1938 it has been vandalized and later used as a warehouse for the Wehrmacht. From 1958 to 1985 the municipality used the building as a fire station. Thanks to the Aktionskreis Synagoge Ichenhausen e. V. the synagogue has been authentically restored from 1984 to 1987. Today, it's a "House of Encounter". On the upper floor, there is a permanent exhibition about Judaism in the Swabian countryside. [3]
This synagogue was built in 1818 in Hürben, which now is part of Krumbach. It is very similar to the synagogue of Ichenhausen. The synagogue has been vandalized in 1938, burnt down in 1939 and demolished by the Nazis in 1942. [4]
This synagogue was built in 1802/03 in Illereichen, the former name of Altenstadt. In 1938 the synagogue has been vandalized and in 1955 demolished. [1]
Laupheim is a major district town in southern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Laupheim was first mentioned in 778 and gained city rights in 1869. One of the main trading routes, from Ulm to Ravensburg and then on towards Lake Constance ran through Laupheim. Having developed from a rural settlement into a small urban area, Laupheim is home to a number of small to medium-sized industries and businesses. One of the largest employers are the German Armed Forces which maintain an airbase close to Laupheim, Laupheim Air Base.
The Fasanenstrasse Synagogue was a liberal Jewish synagogue in Berlin, Germany opened on 26 August 1912. It was located in an affluent neighbourhood of Charlottenburg on Fasanenstrasse off Kurfürstendamm at numbers 79–80, close to the Berlin Stadtbahn and Zoo Station.
The Pazmanitentempel, also known as the Synagoge in der Leopoldstadt, Pazmanitengasse 6, was a large synagogue in Vienna's second district Leopoldstadt. It was designed and constructed by the architect Ignaz Reiser and dedicated on 28 September 1913. The building was financed by Adolf Schramek (1845–1915) who signed the contract with the builder in 1910. Originally from Leipnik, Moravia, Schramek became one of Vienna's most successful coal merchants. The Pazmaniten synagogue was, therefore, not built by the Kultusgemeinde but by a temple club (Verein) Am Volkert, or Aeschel Awrachom of which Schramek was the president. Plans and photographs of the virtual reconstruction of the synagogue are illustrated in the book "The Destroyed Synagogues of Vienna" (2009) by Martens and Peter.
Ichenhausen is a town in the district of Günzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Günz, 9 km south of Günzburg.
The history of the Jews in Laupheim began in the first half of the 18th century. Until the second half of the 19th century, the Jewish community in Laupheim, expanded continuously to become the largest of its kind in Württemberg. During this period, the Jewish community gradually assimilated to its Christian surroundings and its members prospered until the beginning of the Nazi-period in 1933. With the deportation of the last remaining Jews in 1942, more than 200 years of Jewish history in Laupheim forcibly came to an end.
Hainsfarth is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.
Rykestrasse Synagogue, Germany's largest synagogue, is located in the Prenzlauer Berg neighbourhood in the Pankow borough of Berlin. Johann Hoeniger built the synagogue in 1903/1904. It was inaugurated on 4 September 1904, in time for the holidays of and around Rosh Hashanah. The synagogue stands off the street alignment and is reached by a thoroughfare in the pertaining front building.
The Spanish Synagogue is the newest synagogue in the area of the so-called Jewish Town, yet paradoxically, it was built at the place of the presumably oldest synagogue, Old School. The synagogue is built in Moorish Revival Style. Only a little park with a modern statue of famous Prague writer Franz Kafka lies between it and the church of Holy Spirit. Today, the Spanish Synagogue is administered by the Jewish Museum in Prague.
Gau Swabia, formed on 1 October 1928, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Swabia, Bavaria, from 1933 to 1945. From 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
The history of the Jews in Regensburg, Germany reaches back over 1,000 years. The Jews of Regensburg are part of Bavarian Jewry; Regensburg was the capital of the Upper Palatinate and formerly a free city of the German empire. The great age of the Jewish community in this city is indicated by the tradition that a Jewish colony existed there before the common era; it is undoubtedly the oldest Jewish settlement in Bavaria of which any records exist.
Spandau Synagogue was a synagogue at 12 Lindenufer in the Old Town area of Spandau, Berlin, Germany. It was also known as Spandauer Vereinssynagoge. The synagogue was built in 1894–95 and was destroyed on 9 November 1938 (Kristallnacht) when it was set on fire. The ruins were removed, probably in 1942. The site is now marked by a memorial tablet, installed in 1988. The congregation maintained a Jewish cemetery, on Spandau's Neue Bergstrasse, which was closed by the Nazi government and was evacuated in 1939 to the Cemetery of the Orthodox congregation Adass Jisroel in Berlin.
Schwabenhass is a neologism referring to the aversion to the approximately 300,000-strong Swabian diaspora in Berlin and elsewhere in Germany outside of Swabia. In 2013, the so-called Spätzle-streit gained nationwide attention.
Hermann Simon is a German historian who was for 27 years director of the Foundation "New Synagogue Berlin - Centrum Judaicum".
The History of the Jews in Freiburg dates back to the Late Middle Ages when, at the site of today's Wasserstraße and Weberstraße, there was reference to a ghetto. In 1328, a synagogue was located at 6 Weberstraße.
Michael Bredl was a German Volksmusik musician and collector, publisher, teacher and the first Volksmusik conservator in Bavarian Swabia in the region of Allgäu.
Joseph Schülein was a German brewery owner and philanthropist.
The Neue Synagoge is the synagogue, community centre, and museum of the Jewish community in Darmstadt. Inaugurated on in 1988, the synagogue was built as part of a citizens’ initiative to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht Known also as the ‘Holocaust Memorial Synagogue’, the architectural complex was designed to fulfil the needs of the city's Jewish population, who had been without a place of worship since the 1938 pogrom when Darmstadt's three synagogues were destroyed. Built according to plans by Alfred Jacoby, with a significant programme of stained glass windows designed by British architectural artist Brian Clarke. The religious and cultural complex is located on the site of the city's former Gestapo headquarters.
The Wittlich Synagogue was a synagogue built in 1909–1910 in Wittlich, Germany. The restored building still stands and is located on Himmeroder Straße 44.
The Synagogue of Sulzbach is a monument in Sulzbach-Rosenberg and was the synagogue of the Jewish Community of Sulzbach until 1930.
The history of the Jews in Hannover began in the 13th century. In 2009, about 6200 people belonged to the four Jewish communities in Hannover.