Synagogues of the Swabian type

Last updated

Altenstadt Synagogue
Altenstadt (Iller) Synagoge .png
The Altenstadt synagogue
Religion
Affiliation Judaism (former)
Ecclesiastical or organisational status Synagogue (18031938)
StatusDemolished
Location
Location Altenstadt, Bavaria
Country Germany
Architecture
Completed1803
Demolished1955
Ichenhausen Synagogue
Ichenhausen, Vordere Ostergasse 22, 003.jpg
The Ichenhausen synagogue, in 2013
Religion
Affiliation Judaism (former)
Ecclesiastical or organisational status
  • Synagogue (17811938)
  • Fire station (19581985)
  • Cultural center (since 1985)
Status
  • Abandoned(as a synagogue);
  • Repurposed
Location
Location Ichenhausen, Bavaria
Country Germany
Architecture
Completed1781

The Synagogues of the Swabian type are former Jewish synagogues built between 1780 and 1820 in Swabia, in testate of Bavaria, in Germany. [1] They were synagogues of a specific style, reflecting the growing self-confidence and the increased acceptance of the Jews of Swabia in the 18th century.

Contents

History

In the Middle Ages, the Jews in Germany were expelled from the cities to the countryside and to the margins of society. Therefore, they settled usually isolated and sporadic, without considerable Jewish community life. Towards the end of the 16th century there were signs of a Jewish reorganization. Jews began to re-establish Jewish communities in the villages and have started to build synagogues. In Swabia, this was happening faster, than elsewhere in Germany. [2]

Between 1780 and 1820 the region developed its own Swabian style of synagogues, inspired by the Empire style. [1] The following former synagogues are examples of this specific Swabian style. All of them were plundered and vandalized in November 1938 during Kristallnacht . From this time, the buildings ceased being used as synagogues.

Altenstadt

This synagogue was completed in 1803 in Illereichen, the former name of Altenstadt. The synagogue was vandalized by Nazis during Kristallnacht, and was demolished in 1955. [1]

Ichenhausen

This synagogue was built in 1781 in Ichenhausen. In 1938 it was vandalized and later used as a warehouse for the Wehrmacht. From 1958 to 1985 the municipality used the building as a fire station. Thanks to the Aktionskreis Synagoge Ichenhausen e. V. the synagogue was authentically restored from 1984 to 1987. Today, it is a "House of Encounter". On the upper floor, there is a permanent exhibition about Judaism in the Swabian countryside. [3]

Krumbach

This synagogue was built in 1818 in Hürben; now part of Krumbach. It is very similar to the synagogue of Ichenhausen. The synagogue was vandalized in 1938, burnt down in 1939, and demolished by the Nazis in 1942. [4]

Wallerstein

This synagogue was built between 1805 and 1807 in Wallerstein. The Nazis vandalized the synagogue in 1938 and used it later as warehouse. Today, there is a bank in the building. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Berlin)</span> Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The New Synagogue on Oranienburger Straße in Berlin is a mid-19th century synagogue built as the main place of worship for the city's Jewish community, succeeding the Old Synagogue which the community outgrew. Because of its eastern Moorish style and resemblance to the Alhambra, the New Synagogue is an important architectural monument in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Synagogue (Essen)</span> Former synagogue in Essen, Germany

The Old Synagogue is a former [Reform Judaism|Reform]] Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Steeler Straße 29, in Essen, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The former synagogue was repurposed in 1960 as a Jewish museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fasanenstrasse Synagogue</span> Destroyed former Reform synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The Fasanenstrasse Synagogue was a former liberal Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at 79–80 Fasanenstrasse off Kurfürstendamm, in the affluent neighbourhood of Charlottenburg, in Berlin, Germany. Completed on 26 August 1912, the synagogue was located close to the Berlin Stadtbahn and Zoo Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pazmanitentempel</span> Synagogue in Leopoldstadt, Vienna, Austria

The Pazmanitentempel, also known as the Jubiläumstempel, was a Jewish synagogue, located at Pazmanitengasse 6, Leopoldstadt, in the 2nd district of Vienna, Austria. Completed in 1913, the synagogue was destroyed on Kristallnacht in 1938.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ichenhausen</span> Town in Bavaria, Germany

Ichenhausen is a town in the district of Günzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Günz, 9 km south of Günzburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Breslau)</span> Former Reform synagogue in Breslau, Germany

The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Breslau, Germany. It was one of the largest synagogues in the German Empire and a centre of Reform Judaism in Breslau. Designed by Edwin Oppler in the Romanesque Revival style and completed in 1872, the synagogue was destroyed during the Kristallnacht pogrom which swept across Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Opole)</span> Former Reform synagogue in Oppeln, Germany; now Poland

The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Oppeln, Germany. The synagogue was destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Gliwice)</span> Former Reform synagogue in Gleiwitz, Germany, now Gliwice, Poland

The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Gleiwitz, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hainsfarth</span> Municipality in Bavaria, Germany

Hainsfarth is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semper Synagogue</span> Former synagogue in Dresden, Germany

The Semper Synagogue, also known as the Dresden Synagogue or Old Synagogue, was a Jewish synagogue, located in Dresden, in the Saxony region of Germany. Designed by Gottfried Semper and built from 1838 to 1840 in the Romanesque Revival and Moorish Revival styles, the synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Worms Synagogue</span> Historical synagogue in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

The Worms Synagogue, also known as Rashi Shul, is a Jewish congregation and synagogue located in the northern part of the city center of Worms, in the Rhineland-Palatinate region of Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gau Swabia</span> Administrative division of Nazi Germany

Gau Swabia, formed on 1 October 1928, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Swabia, Bavaria, from 1933 to 1945. From 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krnov Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Krnov, Czech Republic

The Krnov Synagogue is a former Jewish synagogue, located on Soukenická Street in Krnov, in the Czech Republic. Completed in 1871, the former synagogue is one of only three surviving synagogue buildings in the Moravian-Silesian Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kassel Synagogue</span> Former Reform synagogue in Kassel, Germany

The Kassel Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Untere Königsstraße, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. The second synagogue for the congregation, it was completed in 1839 and destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karlsruhe Synagogue</span> Former synagogue in Karlsruhe, Germany

The Karlsruhe Synagogue was a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Karlsruhe, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Designed by Friedrich Weinbrenner in the Egyptian Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1798 and demolished in 1871.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Synagogue (Dortmund)</span> Synagogue in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westfalia, Germany

The Old Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Dortmund, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Completed in 1900, the synagogue was abandoned in 1933 and demolished in 1938. Prior to its abandonment, the synagogue was the largest synagogue and cultural center of the Jewish community in Dortmund.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rottweil Synagogue</span> Former synagogue in Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

The Rottweil Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Rottweil, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Completed in 1861, the synagogue was destroyed by Nazis during Kristallnacht, on November 9, 1938. The desecrated synagogue is located in Kameralamtsgasse 6, former Judengasse, close to Kapellenkirche and next to Bischöfliches Konvikt and gymnasium. The building was used as the Hartmut Benk driving school up until 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kłodzko Synagogue</span> Former Reform synagogue in Glatz, Germany, now Kłodzko, Poland

The Kłodzko Synagogue, officially the Synagogue of Kłodzko, and formerly the Synagogue in Glatz, was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Grünestraße, in Glatz, Germany. This location is now Wojska Polskiego Street, in Kłodzko, in Kłodzko County in Lower Silesia, Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraenkelufer Synagogue</span> Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The Fraenkelufer Synagogue is a Conservative congregation and synagogue located on Kottbusser Ufer 48–50, today's Fraenkelufer 10-16, in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Görlitz Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Görlitz

The Görlitz Synagogue is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Otto-Müller-Straße, in Görlitz, Germany. Built between 1909 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style, the synagogue was the main place of worship for the city's Ashkenazi Jewish community. Despite an arson attack, the synagogue was one of the few synagogues in the area to survive Kristallnacht, sustaining only minor damage. The damage was lessened as firefighters ignored the Nazi German orders to let the synagogue burn. With the city's Jewish population depleted, the unused synagogue became a ruin in the following decades.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Schönhagen, Benigna, ed. (2014). "Ma Tov". Wie schön sind deine Zelte, Jakob. Synagogen in Schwaben (in German). München. pp. 59–77. ISBN   9783943866247.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. Brenner, Michael; Ullmann, Sabine, eds. (2013). "Judentum in Schwaben (bis 1800): Historisches Lexikon Bayerns". Die Juden in Schwaben (in German). Berlin. ISBN   9783486715132. (Also published in Boston).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  3. Synagoge Ichenhausen. Festschrift zur Eröffnung der ehemaligen Synagoge von Ichenhausen als Haus der Begegnung am (in German). Landratsamt, Ichenhausen: Aktionskreis Synagoge Ichenhausen e. V. (Hrsg.). 4 December 1987.
  4. von Hagen, B.; Wegener-Hüssen, A. (2004). Denkmäler in Bayern – Landkreis Günzburg – Ensembles, Baudenkmäler, Archäologische Denkmäler. – Hrsg (in German). München: Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Karl M. Lipp Verlag. pp. 230f. ISBN   3-87490-589-6.