Old Synagogue (Berlin)

Last updated

Old Synagogue
German: Alte Synagoge
Alte Synagoge Berlin, Heidereutergasse.jpg
Engraving of the former synagogue, undated
Religion
Affiliation Judaism (former)
Rite Nusach Ashkenaz
Ecclesiastical or organisational status Synagogue (17141942)
StatusDestroyed(during WWII)
Location
LocationHeidereutergasse 4, Marienviertel, Berlin
Country Germany
Berlin relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Location of the former synagogue in Berlin
Geographic coordinates 52°31′16″N13°24′17″E / 52.5211°N 13.4048°E / 52.5211; 13.4048
Architecture
Architect(s)
Type Synagogue architecture
Date established1642 (as a congregation)
Groundbreaking1712
Completed1714; 1855
DestroyedNovember 1942

The Old Synagogue (German : Alte Synagoge) was a Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at Heidereutergasse 4, in Marienviertel, in the present-day Mitte district of Berlin, Germany.

Designed and built by Michael Kemmeter, the synagogue was built as a rectangular hall building. Consecrated in 1714 and remodelled in 1855, [1] the synagogue was known as the Great Synagogue until the opening of the New Synagogue, built in the 1860s to accommodate Berlin's expanding Jewish population. [2] Nevertheless, services continued to be held in the Old Synagogue into the 20th century; it was restored in 1928. [3]

The synagogue survived Kristallnacht but was destroyed during World War II. The last service took place in the Old Synagogue on November 20, 1942. [1] The site is marked with a plaque and part of the building's contours are marked with cobblestones. [4]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Berlin)</span> Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The New Synagogue on Oranienburger Straße in Berlin is a mid-19th century synagogue built as the main place of worship for the city's Jewish community, succeeding the Old Synagogue which the community outgrew. Because of its Moorish style and resemblance to the Alhambra, the New Synagogue is an important architectural monument in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Synagogue (Essen)</span> Former synagogue in Essen, Germany

The Old Synagogue is a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Steeler Straße 29, in Essen, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The former synagogue was repurposed in 1960 as a Jewish museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hagenow</span> Town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Hagenow is a German town in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, in the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim, 30 kilometers south of Schwerin. Its population is approximately 11,300 inhabitants (2013).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fasanenstrasse Synagogue</span> Destroyed former Reform synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The Fasanenstrasse Synagogue was a former liberal Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at 79–80 Fasanenstrasse off Kurfürstendamm, in the affluent neighbourhood of Charlottenburg, in Berlin, Germany. Completed on 26 August 1912, the synagogue was located close to the Berlin Stadtbahn and Zoo Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Synagogue (Danzig)</span>

The Great Synagogue, was a synagogue of the Jewish Community of Danzig in the city of Danzig, Germany. It was built in 1885–1887 on Reitbahnstraße, now Bogusławski Street. It was the largest synagogue in the city, and was demolished by the Free City authorities in May 1939.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Opole)</span> Former Reform synagogue in Oppeln, Germany; now Poland

The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Oppeln, Germany. The synagogue was destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rykestrasse Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Berlin

The Rykestrasse Synagogue is a Conservative Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the Prenzlauer Berg neighbourhood in the Pankow borough of Berlin, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rumbach Street Synagogue</span> Neolog synagogue in Budapest, Hungary

The Rumbach Street Synagogue, also called the Status Quo Ante Synagogue, is a Neológ congregation and synagogue, located in Belváros, the inner city of the historical old town of Pest, in the eastern section of Budapest, Hungary. Since 2021, the building has also been used as a concert hall and Jewish museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semper Synagogue</span> Former synagogue in Dresden, Germany

The Semper Synagogue, also known as the Dresden Synagogue or Old Synagogue, was a Jewish synagogue, located in Dresden, in the Saxony region of Germany. Designed by Gottfried Semper and built from 1838 to 1840 in the Romanesque Revival and Moorish Revival styles, the synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Synagogue (Erfurt)</span> 11th century former synagogue in Germany

The Old Synagogue is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krnov Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Krnov, Czech Republic

The Krnov Synagogue is a former Jewish synagogue, located on Soukenická Street in Krnov, in the Czech Republic. Completed in 1871, the former synagogue is one of only three surviving synagogue buildings in the Moravian-Silesian Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kassel Synagogue</span> Former Reform synagogue in Kassel, Germany

The Kassel Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Untere Königsstraße, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. The second synagogue for the congregation was completed in 1839 and set ablaze by the Nazis on November 9, 1938, during the Kristallnacht pogrom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zündorf Synagogue</span> Former synagogue in Zündorf, Cologne, Germany

Zündorf Synagogue was a Jewish congregation, synagogue and cemetery, located at Hauptstraße 159, in Zündorf, Porz, near Cologne, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany. Zündorf was an important trading center, of Jewish farmers, butchers, moneylenders, small artisans or goods dealers from the early 18th century. Built in 1882, the synagogue fell into disrepair following World War II and was subsequently converted into a residential building.

The history of the Jews in Königsberg reaches back to the 1530s. By the 20th century Königsberg had one of the larger Jewish communities within the German Reich. The city's Jewish community was eliminated by emigration and then The Holocaust during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spandau Synagogue</span> Destroyed Orthodox synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The Spandau Synagogue was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 Lindenufer, in the Old Town area of Spandau, Berlin, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kłodzko Synagogue</span> Former Reform synagogue in Glatz, Germany, now Kłodzko, Poland

The Kłodzko Synagogue, officially the Synagogue of Kłodzko, and formerly the Synagogue in Glatz, was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Grünestraße, in Glatz, Germany. This location is now Wojska Polskiego Street, in Kłodzko, in Kłodzko County in Lower Silesia, Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Synagogue (Darmstadt)</span> Synagogue and museum in Darmstadt

The New Synagogue is a Reform Jewish congregation, synagogue, community centre, and Jewish museum, located in Darmstadt, in the state of Hessen, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraenkelufer Synagogue</span> Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany

The Fraenkelufer Synagogue is a Conservative congregation and synagogue located on Kottbusser Ufer 48–50, today's Fraenkelufer 10-16, in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Görlitz Synagogue</span> Synagogue in Görlitz

The Görlitz Synagogue is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Otto-Müller-Straße, in Görlitz, Germany. Built between 1909 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style, the synagogue was the main place of worship for the city's Ashkenazi Jewish community. Despite an arson attack, the synagogue was one of the few synagogues in the area to survive Kristallnacht, sustaining only minor damage. The damage was lessened as firefighters ignored the Nazi German orders to let the synagogue burn. With the city's Jewish population depleted, the unused synagogue became a ruin in the following decades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synagogue of Sulzbach</span> Former synagogue, now museum, in Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany

The Synagogue of Sulzbach is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue located in the town of Sulzbach-Rosenberg, in Bavaria, Germany. Built in 1822 on the site of two earlier synagogues, the building was abandoned in 1930, and was subsequently repurposed as a private residence form the 1950s, and returned to the Jewish community for use as a Jewish museum and community center since 2013.

References

  1. 1 2 Funk, Stpehan (December 14, 2020). "Destroyed synagogues of Berlin: Old Synagogue (Alte Synagoge) in central Berlin". Milgroym: Jewish Art & Jewish Heritage. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  2. Walkowitz, Daniel J. (September 5, 2018). The Remembered and Forgotten Jewish World: Jewish Heritage in Europe and the United States. Rutgers University Press. p. 142. ISBN   978-0-8135-9606-8.
  3. Gutmann, Joseph (1975). The synagogue: studies in origins, archaeology, and architecture. New York: Ktav Pub. House. p. 322. ISBN   0-87068-265-2. OCLC   1397887.
  4. Dettke, Dieter (June 1, 2003). The Spirit of the Berlin Republic. Berghahn Books. p. 124. ISBN   978-1-78920-387-5.