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HD 209458 b is an exoplanet that orbits the solar analog HD 209458 in the constellation Pegasus, some 157 light-years from the Solar System. The radius of the planet's orbit is 0.047 AU, or one-eighth the radius of Mercury's orbit. This small radius results in a year that is 3.5 Earth-days long and an estimated surface temperature of about 1,000 °C. Its mass is 220 times that of Earth and its volume is some 2.5 times greater than that of Jupiter. The high mass and volume of HD 209458 b indicate that it is a gas giant.
HD 37124 is a star in the equatorial constellation of Taurus, positioned about a half degree to the SSW of the bright star Zeta Tauri. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 7.68, which is too dim to be visible to the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 103 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −23 km/s. Three extrasolar planets have been found to orbit the star.
54 Piscium is an orange dwarf star approximately 36 light-years away in the constellation of Pisces. In 2003, an extrasolar planet was confirmed to be orbiting the star, and in 2006, a brown dwarf was also discovered orbiting it.
HD 83443 is an orange dwarf star approximately 134 light-years away in the constellation of Vela. As of 2000, at least one extrasolar planet has been confirmed to be orbiting the star. The star HD 83443 is named Kalausi. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Kenya, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. The word Kalausi means a very strong whirling column of wind in the Dholuo language.
HD 217107 is a yellow subgiant star approximately 65 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Pisces. Its mass is very similar to the Sun's, although it is considerably older. Two planets have been discovered orbiting the star: one is extremely close and completes an orbit every seven days, while the other is much more distant, taking fourteen years to complete an orbit.
HD 149026 b, formally named Smertrios, is an extrasolar planet and hot Jupiter approximately 250 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Hercules.
HD 69830 is a yellow dwarf star located 41.0 light-years away in the constellation of Puppis. In 2005, the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered a narrow ring of warm debris orbiting the star. The debris ring contains substantially more dust than the Solar System's asteroid belt. In 2006, three extrasolar planets with minimum masses comparable to Neptune were confirmed in orbit around the star, located interior to the debris ring.
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an extrasolar planet atmosphere was made. It is a broad classification system with the goal of bringing some order to the likely rich variety of extrasolar gas-giant atmospheres.
HD 189733, also catalogued as V452 Vulpeculae, is a binary star system 64.5 light-years away in the constellation of Vulpecula. The primary star is suspected to be an orange dwarf star, while the secondary star is a red dwarf star. Given that this system has the same visual magnitude as HD 209458, it promises much for the study of close transiting extrasolar planets. The star can be found with binoculars 0.3 degrees east of the Dumbbell Nebula (M27).
HD 217107 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 65 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Pisces. The planet was discovered orbiting the star HD 217107 approximately every seven days, classifying the planet as a hot Jupiter. Because of the planet's somewhat eccentric orbit, scientists were able to confirm another planet within the system.
HD 217107 c is an extrasolar planet approximately 64 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Pisces. The planet was the second planet to be discovered orbiting the star HD 217107. HD 217107 c's existence was hypothesized in 1998 due to the eccentricity of the inner planet's orbit and confirmed in 2005 when radial velocity studies of the star indicated another, more distant and massive companion orbiting the star. The planet has an eccentric orbit lasting on order of a decade.
Upsilon Andromedae b, formally named Saffar, is an extrasolar planet approximately 44 light-years away from the Sun in the constellation of Andromeda. The planet orbits the solar analog star, Upsilon Andromedae A, approximately every five days. Discovered in June 1996 by Geoffrey Marcy and R. Paul Butler, it was one of the first hot Jupiters to be discovered. It is also one of the first non-resolved planets to be detected directly. Upsilon Andromedae b is the innermost-known planet in its planetary system.
ρ Indi, Latinised as Rho Indi, is a yellow-hued star in the constellation Indus. With an apparent visual magnitude of +6.05 it is, barely, a naked eye star, not visible in the northern hemisphere outside the tropics. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 37.46 mas, it is located 87 light-years from the Sun. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −2 km/s.
Rho Indi b is an exoplanet that orbits around Rho Indi. Its semimajor axis is 2.54 AU placing just outside the star's habitable zone. The planet takes 3.7 years to orbit the star. It is over twice as massive as Jupiter. Since the inclination of the orbit to the line-of-sight was initially unknown, only a lower bound on the planet's mass could be determined. In 2023, the inclination and true mass of Rho Indi b were determined via astrometry.
Tau1 Gruis, Latinized from τ1 Gruis, and catalogued as HD 216435 and HR 8700, is a yellow-hued star approximately 106 light-years away in the constellation of Grus. The star is visible to the naked eye for some people, placing it in the Bright Star Catalogue. In 2002, one extrasolar planet was confirmed to orbit the star.
HD 49674 b, formally named Eburonia, is an extrasolar planet located approximately 134 light-years away in the constellation of Auriga, orbiting the star HD 49674. This planet was discovered orbiting the star in 2002. The planet is a gas giant and orbits extremely close to its star, which takes only 4.95 days to revolve.
HD 212301 b is an extrasolar planet located approximately 172 light-years away in the constellation of Octans, orbiting the star HD 212301. It has an orbital period of 2.25 Earth days. The orbital distance is 0.0341 astronomical units or 5.10 gigameters.
HD 40307 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 40307, located 42 light-years away in the direction of the southern constellation Pictor. The planet was discovered by the radial velocity method, using the European Southern Observatory's HARPS apparatus, in June 2008. It is the second smallest of the planets orbiting the star, after HD 40307 e. The planet is of interest as this star has relatively low metallicity, supporting a hypothesis that different metallicities in protostars determine what kind of planets they will form.
HD 40307 d is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 40307, located 42 light-years from Earth in the direction of the southern constellation Pictor. The planet was discovered by the radial velocity method, using the HARPS apparatus in June 2008. It is the most massive of the six proposed planets in the system. The planet is of interest as this star has relatively low metallicity, supporting a hypothesis that different metallicities in protostars determine what kind of planets they will form.
HD 154672 b is an extrasolar planet located approximately 210 light-years away in the constellation of Ara, orbiting the metal-rich and aged star HD 154672. This planet has a minimum mass five times that of Jupiter and orbits at about 60% the distance between the Earth to the Sun. Its orbit is very elliptical, which causes temperatures on the planet to vary significantly as it proceeds along its orbit. This planet was discovered in Las Campanas Observatory on September 5, 2008 using the radial velocity method. Along with HD 205739 b, the planets were the first to be discovered by the N2K Consortium using the Magellan Telescopes.
References
- Jones; Butler, R. Paul; Tinney, C. G.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Penny, Alan J.; McCarthy, Chris; Carter, Brad D. (2003). "An exoplanet in orbit around τ1 Gruis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 341 (3): 948–952. arXiv: astro-ph/0209302 . Bibcode:2003MNRAS.341..948J. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06481.x. S2CID 1575040. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13. (web Preprint)
