Tetrameridae

Tetrameridae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Chromadorea
Order:	Rhabditida
Superfamily:	Habronematoidea
Family:	Tetrameridae; Travassos, 1914
Subfamilies and genera
	see text
Synonyms
	Tetrameridea von Drasche, 1884;

Last updated September 30, 2019

Tetrameridae is a family of spirurian nematodes. It is the smallest of the large genera making up the bulk of the superfamily Habronematoidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. They are parasites, chiefly of birds and cetaceans.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Subclass Spiruria comprises mostly parasitic secernentean nematodes. In an alternate classification, they are treated as suborder Spirurina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders.

Nematode phylum of animals with tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Taxonomically, they are classified along with insects and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends.

This family contains the largest known nematode: Placentonema gigantissima is several meters long and has been found in the placenta of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon). ^[1]

Placentonema gigantissima is a giant nematode that parasitizes the placenta of the sperm whale. With a length of 8.4 metres (28 ft) and a diameter of 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in), it is potentially the largest nematode worm ever described. It was discovered in the 1950s around the Kuril Islands

Placenta Organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall

The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing fetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy. Placentas are a defining characteristic of placental mammals, but are also found in marsupials and some non-mammals with varying levels of development.

The sperm whale or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus Kogia.

Systematics

The Tetrameridae number about half a dozen genera only, but some are rather speciose; the type genus Tetrameres contains a lot of species even by nematode standards. While it might be overlumped, as presently delimited about half of the more than 100 species of Tetrameridae are placed in it.

In biological classification, especially zoology, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.

Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is an individual who takes a gestalt view of a definition, and assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is an individual who takes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.

Subfamily Crassicaudinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926

Crassicauda Leiper & Atkinson, 1914
Placentonema Gubanov, 1951

Robert Thomson Leiper FRS CMG was a British parasitologist and helminthologist.

Subfamily Geopetitiinae Chabaud, 1951

Geopetitia Chabaud, 1951 [Diagnostic; French, Todd, Zachary & Meehan 1992

Alain Chabaud was a French parasitologist, mainly a specialist of nematodes and sporozoa. He was the Director of the Laboratoire de Zoologie (Vers) in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris from 1960 to 1990. He was one of the founders of the Société Française de Parasitologie in 1962 and president of the Société zoologique de France in 1967.

Subfamily Tetramerinae Travassos, 1914

Microhadjelia Jogis, 1965
Microtetrameres Travassos, 1915^[2]
Tetrameres Creplin, 1846

Related Research Articles

The Serranidae are a large family of fishes belonging to the order Perciformes. The family contains about 450 species in 65 genera, including the sea basses and the groupers. Although many species are small, in some cases less than 10 cm (3.9 in), the giant grouper is one of the largest bony fishes in the world, growing to 2.7 m in length and 400 kg (880 lb) in weight. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.

The Trichocephalida is an order of parasitic nematodes.

The Strongylida suborder includes many of the important nematodes found in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants, horses, and swine, as well as the lungworms of ruminants and the hookworms of dogs and cats.

The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.

Subuluridae family of parasitic roundworms

Subuluridae is a family of spirurian nematodes which, together with the two species of Maupasinidae, make up the superfamily Subuluroidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Thelaziidae is a family of spirurian nematodes, which form the mid-sized lineage of the superfamily Thelazioidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

The Onchocercidae are a family of nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea. This family includes some of the most devastating human parasitic diseases, such as lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, and other filariases.

The Haemoproteidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.

Durikainema is a genus of two nematodes in the family Robertdollfusidae. Species have a head with a cuticular cephalic inflation, elongated papillae and amphids, and well-developed musculature. Characteristics of the males include a single spicule and a long attenuated tail. Durikainema species parasitize macropods. The genus was circumscribed in 1982 with the type species Durikainema macropi, a parasite of the eastern grey kangaroo. D. phascolarcti, parasite of the koala, was described in 1998.

Pasteuria is a genus of mycelial and endospore-forming, nonmotile gram-positive bacteria that are obligate parasites of some nematodes and crustaceans. The genus of Pasteuria was previously classified within the family Alicyclobacillaceae, but has since been moved to the family Pasteuriaceae.

Trichodoridae is a family of terrestrial root feeding nematodes, being one of two that constitute suborder Triplonchida. They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors.

Trichostrongyloidea is a superfamily of nematodes under the order Strongylida.

Guerrerostrongylus is a genus of nematode worms. Species of Guerrerostrongylus infect mostly the digestive tract of sigmodontine and caviomorph rodents from South America. The genus is part of the subfamily Nippostrongylinae.

Traklosia is a genus of nematodes. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1961 under the name Robertia; L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss created this genus for their newly-described species R. leiperi. The nomen novum, Traklosia, was created for this genus in 2015 — Robertia was an invalid name due to a senior homonym. It consists of three species found in Brazil and Cuba, and they are parasites of millipedes.

Physalopteridae is a family of spirurian nematodes, which belongs to the superfamily Physalopteroidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Cystidicolidae is a family of spirurian nematodes. It was created by Skrjabin in 1946. All members of the family are parasites of fish.

References

↑ Gubanov, N. M. (1951-04-21). "Giant nematoda from the placenta of Cetacea; Placentonema gigantissima nov. gen., nov. sp." (PDF). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 77 (6): 1123–1125. ISSN 0002-3264. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 15, 2013.
↑ Quentin, J. C.; Seureau, C.; Kulo, S. D. (1986). "Cycle biologique de Tetrameres (Microtetrameres) inermis (Linstow, 1879). Nématode Tetrameridae parasite du Tisserin Ploceus aurantius au Togo". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 61 (3): 321–332. doi:10.1051/parasite/1986613321. ISSN 0003-4150. PMID 3813418.

This Secernentea roundworm- related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[gubanov1951-1] Gubanov, N. M. (1951-04-21). "Giant nematoda from the placenta of Cetacea; Placentonema gigantissima nov. gen., nov. sp." (PDF). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 77 (6): 1123–1125. ISSN 0002-3264. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 15, 2013.

[QuentinSeureau2016-2] Quentin, J. C.; Seureau, C.; Kulo, S. D. (1986). "Cycle biologique de Tetrameres (Microtetrameres) inermis (Linstow, 1879). Nématode Tetrameridae parasite du Tisserin Ploceus aurantius au Togo". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 61 (3): 321–332. doi:10.1051/parasite/1986613321. ISSN 0003-4150. PMID 3813418.