Camel cowfish | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
Family: | Ostraciidae |
Genus: | Tetrosomus |
Species: | T. gibbosus |
Binomial name | |
Tetrosomus gibbosus | |
Tetrosomus gibbosus, commonly called camel cowfish because of the hump on its dorsal keel, is one of 22 species in the boxfish family, Ostraciidae. [2] It is a ray finned fish. Other common names include helmet cowfish, humpback turretfish and thornbacked boxfish. It is most closely related to T. reipublicae , the smallspine turretfish. [3] T. gibbosus is a species of boxfish found in the wide Indo-West Pacific. It has been recorded since 1988 on rare occasions in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea, likely following entry via the Suez Canal. [4] It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea. [5]
It carries some value in the aquarium trade, but is difficult to keep. [6]
T. gibbosus is normally around 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long when it is fully grown, but can reach up to 30 centimetres (12 in) in length. [7] Fish in the genus Tetrosomus are characterized by the presence of a carapace, a hard upper shell formed by thick scale plates. [3] The body is completely encased in this bony shell, except for a few small openings such as the mouth, eyes, and gills. [8] The mouth is small with fleshy lips and conical teeth usually numbering less than 15. [8]
T. gibbosus has poisonous flesh, organs, and spines, and is known to secret poisonous mucus in defense or when it is disturbed. [7] This poison can be fatal to humans or other marine organisms that come into contact with it. [7] T. gibbosus is hermaphroditic; all individuals of this species are born female, but some may change into males as they grow. [7] Juveniles live together in small schools, but individuals become solitary as they mature into adulthood. [7] T. gibbosus is an omnivorous species, and its diet is known to include seaweeds, sponges, molluscs, worms, and crustaceans found on the bottom of its habitat. [7]
T. gibbosus lives in shallow tropical waters or warm seas with muddy bottoms and can sometimes be seen near shallow seagrass beds. [9] [8] It is also found in coral reefs. [10] It is considered an endangered species in the South China Sea. [10]
A Lessepsian migration refers to the migration of a marine species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. A species is considered Lessepsian when it has completed this migration and established a population. T. gibbosus was first found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1988. [11] Both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have similar salinity levels and temperature ranges, which allows for an easier transition between of these bodies of water. [12] [5] It is thought that Lessepsian species migrated due to changing climates, since the geographic land barrier was removed when the Suez Canal was completed. [11] T. gibbosus is now considered an invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea, as this is not included in its native distribution. [11] It is also considered an established species because it has established a growing population and has been found in multiple locations. [12] It is the first species from the family Ostraciidae to be found in the Mediterranean Sea. [5] Due to its inability to swim long distances, T. gibbosus likely took multiple generations to migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea; this is thought to have happened, in part, from northward currents moving eggs and larvae north towards the Mediterranean Sea. [5]
The Redtoothed triggerfish is a triggerfish of the tropical Indo-Pacific area, and the sole member of its genus. Some other common names include blue triggerfish, redfang triggerfish, redtoothed filefish, and Niger triggerfish.
Melichthys is a small genus in the triggerfish family (Balistidae). Member species are found in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and even the Red Sea. The Black triggerfish is the largest species in this genus at 45 cm in length and the Indian triggerfish is the smallest at 25 cm. Melichthys niger and Melichthys indicus are similar in appearance and are often confused.
Abalistes is a small triggerfish genus found in the Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic.
Ostraciidae or Ostraciontidae is a family of squared, bony fish belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, closely related to the pufferfishes and filefishes. Fish in the family are known variously as boxfishes, cofferfishes, cowfishes and trunkfishes. It contains about 23 extant species in 6 extant genera.
The Lessepsian migration is the migration of marine species along the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, and more rarely in the opposite direction. When the canal was completed in 1869, fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other marine animals and plants were exposed to an artificial passage between the two naturally separate bodies of water, and cross-contamination was made possible between formerly isolated ecosystems. The phenomenon is still occurring today. It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French diplomat in charge of the canal's construction.
Ostracion is a genus of the boxfish family Ostraciidae. Fish in the genus are known as box puffers. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 and makes a brief appearance in Jules Verne's maritime sci-fi novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea.
The yellow boxfish is a species of boxfish found in reefs throughout the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well as the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Recorded occasionally since 2011 in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea which it likely entered via the Suez Canal, it is a species appreciated in the aquarium trade.
Porcupinefishes or balloonfishes, are any of the various species of the genus Diodon, the type genus of Diodontidae.
A sunfish, also called a mola, is any fish in the genus Mola. The fish develop their truncated, bullet-like shape because the back fin, which is present at birth, never grows. Instead, it folds into itself as the creature matures, creating a rounded rudder called a clavus. Mola in Latin means "millstone" and describes the ocean sunfish's somewhat circular shape. They are a silvery color and have a rough skin texture.
Balistes is a genus of triggerfish.
The spikefishes are ray-finned fishes related to the pufferfishes and triggerfishes. They live in deep waters; more than 50 m (160 ft), but above the continental shelves. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the west-central Pacific.
Canthidermis is a genus of triggerfishes commonly known as ocean triggerfishes.
Pseudobalistes is a genus of fish belonging to the family Balistidae.
Balistoides is a genus of triggerfishes native to the Indo-Pacific region.
Sufflamen is a genus of triggerfishes native to reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Xanthichthys is a genus of triggerfishes native to reef environments in the western Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.
Xenobalistes tumidipectoris is a species of triggerfish found in the western central Pacific Ocean.
Xenobalistes is a genus of triggerfish found in the western central Pacific Ocean.
Tetrosomus is a genus of boxfishes native to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.