The Immigrant (2013 film)

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The Immigrant
The Immigrant 2013 poster.jpg
Film poster
Directed by James Gray
Written by
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography Darius Khondji
Edited by
Music byChris Spelman
Production
companies
Distributed by The Weinstein Company
Release dates
  • May 24, 2013 (2013-05-24)(Cannes)
  • May 16, 2014 (2014-05-16)(United States)
Running time
117 minutes [1]
CountryUnited States
Languages
  • English
  • Polish
Budget$16 million [2]
Box office$5.9 million [3]

The Immigrant is a 2013 American period drama film directed by James Gray from a screenplay he co-wrote with Richard Menello, starring Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix, and Jeremy Renner. It had its world premiere at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it competed for the Palme d'Or. Following Gray's refusal to change the film's ending to meet Harvey Weinstein's demands, and threats to release it directly to TV if the director did not accept Weinstein's cut, the film–with Gray's original cut–was released theatrically in the United States by The Weinstein Company on May 16, 2014.

Contents

The Immigrant received generally positive reviews from critics. Cotillard's performance was ranked by Time magazine as the fourth Best Movie Performance of 2014, and she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, and the Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress.

Plot summary

In 1921, Polish Catholic sisters Ewa (Marion Cotillard) and Magda (Angela Sarafyan) arrive at Ellis Island, New York City as immigrants looking for a better life after escaping their ravaged home in post–Great War Poland. Magda is quarantined because of her lung disease. Ewa is almost deported, but Bruno (Joaquin Phoenix), who is Jewish and claims to be from the Travelers' Aid Society, notices her and her fluency in English, bribes an officer to let her go, and takes her to his house. Knowing Ewa has to make money to get Magda released, Bruno induces her to dance at the Bandits' Roost theater and prostitutes her. He also makes romantic advances, but Ewa resists.

Ewa looks for her expatriate relatives living in New York, but her uncle by marriage turns her in to the authorities; he says he had heard she had got in trouble for engaging in illicit behavior on the ship from Europe, and he wishes to distance himself from sheltering a prostitute. Policemen take her back to Ellis Island, and once again she is slated for deportation. While at Ellis Island Ewa watches a performance by Emil (Bruno's cousin, making a living as a performing illusionist called Orlando; played by Jeremy Renner); after his performance he hands her a white rose. The next morning Bruno manages to get her released.

Ewa meets Emil again at the Bandit's Roost. Emil asks Ewa to come onstage to aid him in his mind reading trick, but the men in the audience start catcalling at Ewa. The scene ends in a brawl between Bruno and Emil and with Bruno and the girls being fired from the theater. Soon after Bruno has his "doves" parade around Central Park to attract men to sleep with them. Another encounter between Emil and Ewa proves Emil's feelings for her. Emil falls for Ewa, much to Bruno's discontent, which causes continued and intense conflicts between the two men. One violent conflict concludes with Bruno being jailed overnight.

One day, Emil sneaks into Bruno's home to see Ewa. While there, he promises to get her the money to save her sister so they can all leave New York together. Coincidentally, shortly after making such promise, Emil hides as Bruno returns. Bruno also makes a promise to Ewa: he is to arrange for her a meeting with her sister. But Emil interrupts Bruno, as he pulls out an unloaded gun and points it at Bruno. Emil pulls the trigger just to frighten him, but his attempt at intimidating Bruno backfires, as Bruno stabs him to death in apparent self-defense.

Overcoming the shock and distress of the death, Bruno and Ewa dump Emil's body in the street at night to get rid of unwanted police investigations, but the police are told by another prostitute with whom Ewa had had conflicts that Ewa killed Emil. Bruno hides Ewa from the police, who then give him a severe beating and steal a large bundle of money he had been carrying. Ewa learns Bruno had enough money to pay for her sister's release all along but was hiding it from her as he did not want her to leave him. Bruno claims he has now had a change of heart and would help Ewa and her sister if he had any money. Ewa makes another contact with her aunt and successfully pleads for her aunt to give her the money for Magda. With it, Bruno pays his contact on Ellis Island to release Ewa's sister and gives them both tickets to California. Ewa and Magda leave, while a repentant Bruno stays in New York, intending to confess to the police about Emil's killing.

Cast

Production

Development

Director James Gray said The Immigrant is "80% based on the recollections from my grandparents, who came to the United States in 1923", and he described it as "my most personal and autobiographical film to date". [4] He was also inspired by Giacomo Puccini's operas that comprise Il Trittico . [5] Gray co-wrote the screenplay with Richard Menello, it was one of his last screenplays before his death in March 2013, shortly before the film's Cannes premiere. [6]

The Immigrant was Gray's first film with a female protagonist. [7] Gray wrote the movie for Marion Cotillard and Joaquin Phoenix. He stated that if the two actors did not want to do the movie, he was not sure he would have made it. [8] [9] When Gray was trying to think of a movie for Cotillard, he was talking to his brother, who found journals from their grandfather who ran a saloon in the Lower East Side in New York in the 1920s, after he came from Kiev, and there were all these low lives frequenting the place. One of them was described by Gray as "a enigmatic, screwed-up, manipulative pimp who used to go to Ellis Island and cruise for women who came to the country by themselves." According to Gray, in the 1920s women trying to get into the U.S. by themselves were not let in specifically because they were targets for prostitution, but through bribery, canny pimps would get around these rules. And so a movie idea was born. Gray said that he had never seen a movie on that subject. "Lower East Side, Ellis Island, pimps; it seemed very vivid to me. So I said, 'that sounds perfect,'" he told. However, getting Cotillard on board wasn't as easy as he'd hoped. Gray sent the screenplay to Cotillard, but then had to wait seven days for an answer after she had promised to read the script over a weekend. "Well, Sunday came and went and it was like getting a colonoscopy over a week," he said of the agonizing wait for an answer. [10]

Gray stated that Cotillard is the best actor he's ever worked with. [10]

Gray wrote around 20 pages of dialogue in Polish. Cotillard had to learn Polish to take on the role and speak English with a credible Polish accent. She had only two months to learn her Polish dialogue. [11]

The working titles for the film were Low Life, [6] American Dream, [12] and The Nightingale [13] before changing for the last time to The Immigrant shortly before the film's premiere at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. [6]

Gray said that the films that influenced The Immigrant were La Strada (1954), Diary of a Country Priest (1951), Seven Beauties (1975), Nights of Cabiria (1957) and America America (1963). [14] The film's sepia look was inspired by old autochrome photographs, the works of cinematographers Vilmos Zsigmond and Gordon Willis, and films such as McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971) and Heaven's Gate (1980). [14]

When Gray met Cotillard, she reminded him of a silent film actress because she had a "haunted quality" of Renée Jeanne Falconetti in Carl Theodor Dreyer's film The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928). [15] Cotillard's character and the way she was filmed in The Immigrant were based on silent film stars such as Falconetti in The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928), [14] and also Lillian Gish, [16] and Louise Brooks. [17] Gray said he wanted "a kind of Falconetti conception, where the face would have such meaning and would tell you so much." [18] The character was also partly inspired by Italian actress Giulietta Masina. [19]

Filming

Principal photography on the film began on January 27, 2012 in New York City, under the working title "Low Life". [20] [21] [22] Filming was completed on March 17, 2012. [23] [24]

The Immigrant was the first film shot at Ellis Island. [25] [26] Shooting on location was only made possible after cinematographer Darius Khondji suggested they shoot the day scenes at night. The National Park Service reluctantly agreed to let them shoot there for two days, starting at 5:30 pm when the last ferry goes from Ellis Island until sunrise. [27]

Gray told Salon.com in a May 2014 interview that Phoenix loved Cotillard and would often apologize to her after filming the scenes where his character mistreated her character. There was one scene where Phoenix felt so bad that he hid himself in his dressing room for hours and could not come down. Phoenix kept saying to Cotillard: "I'm so sorry, this is not me, it's not me." Gray said that Phoenix was extremely uncomfortable playing that role, although he was great and "maybe as good as he's ever been", but he was miserable on set. [26]

Release and controversy

In June 2012, The Weinstein Company acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film, [28] three months after filming had wrapped. [23] Though the film was completed in time for the 2012 Toronto Film Festival, The Weinstein Company insisted on holding it until Cannes 2013, with Harvey Weinstein hoping he might convince the director to change the ending and give it a Sound of Music -style ending. [29] James Gray refused to change the ending and the film was only released in the U.S. in 2014. [30] Gray said in a 2017 interview with The Telegraph that Weinstein bought the film without his approval from the equity people who raised the money for him in the United States. [29] Gray did not want Weinstein to buy The Immigrant and told the equity people that selling him the film was a terrible idea, but he had no say over the matter. [29] Gray said that when the film was released in the U.S., Cotillard won virtually every critical award without any support at all, and that Weinstein "could have easily gotten her an Oscar nomination, maybe even won her an Oscar, if he'd put his machine behind her." The film did not receive any Oscar nomination. [29]

In a March 2022 interview with Le Monde , Cotillard said that Weinstein did not respect Gray much less his film, and that he wanted to prevent The Immigrant from premiering at the Cannes Film Festival and release it directly to TV. Cotillard said she wrote Weinstein telling him that even if he despised Gray, that he at least respected the people who have a deep admiration for the director and at least do not damage the film. [31]

In a November 2022 interview with Vulture , Gray said that Weinstein threatened to release the film on the TV channel Lifetime over his refusal to change the ending, which he felt was very important, but Weinstein hated the last shot. On the morning that Weinstein's daughter was born, he called Gray telling him that he was in the editing room working on The Immigrant, and Gray replied that he did not ask him to do that and then they started arguing, with Gray telling Weinstein that he was trying to be a frustrated director, to which Weinstein replied: "Fuck you! I'm Harvey Weinstein! I'm God's editor!", Gray said. Weinstein's cut had a runtime of 88 minutes, was "completely incoherent" according to Gray and had a voice-over all over it, with the ending being a combination of Titanic (1997) and Sound of Music (1965), with soaring music playing to Cotillard's character in old-age makeup walking over a mountain with her sister, saying: "When I was younger, this is what my life was, but now my sister and I are living great." [32]

Cast and director at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The Immigrant Cannes 2013.jpg
Cast and director at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.

The Immigrant had its world premiere at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 24, 2023, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. [1] [33] It also screened at the 2013 Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival, the 2013 New York Film Festival, [34] the 2013 Chicago International Film Festival, [35] the 2014 Miami International Film Festival, the 2014 Newport Beach International Film Festival, [36] and the 2014 Sedona Film Festival. [37]

In September 2013, it was announced that The Immigrant would be released in the United States on VOD in early 2014 by TWC-Radius (The Weinstein Company's VOD branch). [38] [14] The film was finally released theatrically in the U.S. by The Weinstein Company on May 16, 2014. [39] Gray credited the audience's positive response to the film as the reason it got a theatrical release in the U.S. instead of a VOD release. [14] On July 14, 2014, the film was made available for streaming on Netflix. [40]

Weinstein also bought the UK distribution rights to the film, but it was never released theatrically in the region. [41] It was only released in the UK via streaming on BFI Player in March 2019. [42]

Reception

Critical response

The Immigrant received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 86% based on 111 reviews, with an average score of 7.45/10; the general consensus states: "Beautiful visuals, James Gray's confident direction, and a powerful performance from Marion Cotillard combine to make The Immigrant a richly rewarding period drama." [43] Metacritic gave the film a rating of 77/100, based on 34 reviews. [44]

Peter Debruge of Variety wrote that "Gray clearly sees something in Cotillard that no other helmer — not even her husband, Guillaume Canet — has brought out in her before. Recognizing the deep, haunted quality of Cotillard's gaze, he features her eyes as the soul of his story, counting on their mournful quality to play to the back of the house, even as he resists unnecessary closeups in favor of broad-canvas widescreen as much as possible." [1]

Michael Phillips of Chicago Tribune described the film as "Gray's most satisfying to date, an ode to melodrama of another day, done with style and surprising restraint." [45] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club lauded it as an "American masterpiece," claiming: "Gray is the most underappreciated of this country's major filmmakers; his movies distill a century's worth of American feature film—a little late silent cinema here, a little New Hollywood there—into a distinctly personal style. ... What makes The Immigrant a great film is the way in which Gray uses actors and his mastery of the unspoken to create a tremendously lived-in, felt-through world. Every space—public or private, interior or exterior—feels authentic, historically and emotionally." [25] Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine gave the film 3 and a half out of 4 stars, saying that "The Immigrant feels closer in spirit to Roberto Rossellini's collaborations with Ingrid Bergman" and calling it "Gray's Voyage to Italy ". [46]

Brian Clark of Twitch Film gave the film a mixed review, commenting that "while the film boasts great performances, the narrative and overall drama lacks the ferocity, momentum and intensity of Gray's other work". [47] Lee Marshall of Screen International in his unfavorable review wrote that "though Gray offers a well-crafted package, especially on the visual front, there's surprisingly little contemporary resonance in this immigration melodrama". [48]

Box office

The film was released in France on November 27, 2013 in 242 theaters, ranking at number five at the box office and grossing $1,041,038 in its first weekend. [3] For its second weekend in French theaters, the film was expanded to 265 theaters. It grossed a total of $2,253,023 in France at the end of its theatrical run. [3]

The film, which had no promotion by Weinstein, [32] had a limited theatrical release in the United States in 3 theaters in its first weekend on May 16, 2014, [3] and was later expanded to 144 theaters in its second weekend, having its maximum theatrical release in 150 theaters in its third weekend. [3] Although the film was doing well in arthouses, [49] it never had a wide release and finished its theatrical run after seven weeks playing in 61 theaters, grossing a total of $2,025,328 in the United States and $3,927,556 in other territories. [3] The film grossed a total of $5.9 million worldwide. [3]

Accolades

Time magazine ranked Marion Cotillard's performance in The Immigrant as the fourth Best Movie Performance of 2014, shared with her performance in Two Days, One Night . [50]

YearAwardCategoryRecipient(s)ResultRef(s)
2013 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or James GrayNominated [33]
Munich Film Festival ARRI/OSRAM Award – Best International FilmNominated [51]
Ghent International Film Festival Grand PrixNominated[ citation needed ]
Chicago International Film Festival Audience Choice AwardNominated[ citation needed ]
2014 Newport Beach Film Festival Outstanding Achievement in DirectingWon [52]
Outstanding Achievement in Filmmaking – Ensemble CastMarion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy RennerWon
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Actress Marion Cotillard
(shared with her performance in Two Days, One Night )
Won [53]
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Actress Won [54]
Best CinematographerDarius KhondjiWon
Boston Society of Film Critics Award Best ActressMarion Cotillard
(shared with Two Days, One Night)
Won [55]
Toronto Film Critics Association Best ActressMarion CotillardWon [56]
2015 Film Comment Top 20 Best Films of 2014James Gray10th place [57]
Independent Spirit Awards Best Female Lead Marion CotillardNominated [58]
Best Cinematography Darius KhondjiNominated

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References

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  2. ↑ Cronk, Jordan (May 24, 2013). "Cannes Film Festival 2013: The Immigrant Review". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Immigrant (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
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  5. ↑ Kilday, Gregg (May 21, 2013). "Cannes: James Gray on 'The Immigrant,' Marion Cotillard and Returning to the Fest (Q&A)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 "Cannes: New Clip From 'The Immigrant'; James Gray Talks Title Changes, Working With Joaquin Phoenix, Marion Cotillard & More". The Playlist. May 24, 2013.
  7. ↑ Cook, Adam (October 5, 2013). "Love & Sincerity: A Conversation with James Gray". Mubi .
  8. ↑ Holloway, Clint (October 4, 2013). "NYFF '13: James Gray on 'The Immigrant,' Film Versus Digital, and His Short-Lived Acting Career". IndieWire . Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  9. ↑ David, Gregg (May 15, 2014). ""The Immigrant": A woman's tale of assimilation". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  10. 1 2 Perez, Rodrigo (September 7, 2012). "James Gray & Marion Cotillard Discuss How They Came Together For Next Year's Period Piece 'The Nightingale'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  11. ↑ Smith, Nigel (May 24, 2013), Cannes: Marion Cotillard On Learning Polish to Play 'The Immigrant' for James Gray (Who Reveals He Was Unfamiliar With the Actress), IndieWire, archived from the original on November 2, 2014, retrieved November 2, 2014
  12. ↑ Gowland, Ryan (June 15, 2012). "The Weinstein Company Snaps Up Director James Gray's (Formerly Titled) 'Low Life' For 2013 Release". IndieWire .
  13. ↑ McCarthy, Todd (May 24, 2013). "The Immigrant: Cannes Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Interview: James Gray Discusses Harvey Weinstein, Cinematic Influences, His Career, 'Die Hard' & More". The Playlist. May 15, 2014.
  15. ↑ Titze, Anne-Katrin (October 13, 2013). "New York Film Festival - diary three". Eye For Film.
  16. ↑ Nayman, Adam. "Words Matter: James Gray on The Immigrant". Cinema Scope .
  17. ↑ Tremblay, Odile (May 25, 2013). "66e Festival de Cannes - L'immigration selon James Gray". Le Devoir (in French).
  18. ↑ "Interview: James Gray Talks 'The Immigrant,' Diving Into TV With 'Red Road,' And His Own Favorite Films". The Playlist. April 8, 2015.
  19. ↑ Prigge, Matt (May 12, 2014). "Talking to director James Gray about 'The Immigrant' and everything else". Metro .
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  23. 1 2 "Cotillard hands film crew personalised presents". Daily Express. March 20, 2012. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
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  26. 1 2 O'Hehir, Andrew (May 20, 2014). ""It's a very, very personal movie": James Gray, the great American director Americans have never heard of". Salon.com .
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  28. ↑ "TWC Acquiring U.S. On James Gray Pic; Joaquin Phoenix, Marion Cotillard, Jeremy Renner Star". Deadline. June 14, 2012. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Raup, Jordan (March 27, 2017). "James Gray Reveals Harvey Weinstein's Proposed Crowd-Pleasing Ending for 'The Immigrant'". The Film Stage. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  30. ↑ Debruge, Peter (May 7, 2014). "Why Is 'Immigrant' Director James Gray a Bigger Hit in France Than at Home in U.S.?". Variety . Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  31. ↑ Blumenfeld, Samuel (May 20, 2022). "Festival de Cannes : Marion Cotillard, une actrice entre deux rives". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on September 14, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
  32. 1 2 Ebir, Bilge (November 3, 2022). "'It's Unbelievably Difficult to Act Brilliantly' Jeremy Strong and his director James Gray took risks and made a mess to find Armageddon Time". Vulture . Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
  33. 1 2 "2013 Official Selection". Cannes Film Festival. April 20, 2013. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  34. ↑ Nakhnikian, Elise (October 6, 2013). "New York Film Festival 2013: The Immigrant Review". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on August 18, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  35. ↑ Sachs, Ben (October 9, 2013). "CIFF Director Spotlight: James Gray presents The Immigrant". Chicago Reader. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
  36. ↑ "The Immigrant - Saturday Night Spotlight 2014". newportbeachfilmfest.com. April 26, 2014. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Sedona Film Festival 2014 Calendar: The Immigrant". sedonafilmfestival.org. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  38. ↑ Cunliffe, Jack (September 23, 2013). "First Poster & Distribution News For 'The Immigrant,' New Still From 'Her,' and Joaquin Phoenix's Latest Rap Single". The Film Stage.
  39. ↑ Perez, Rodrigo (March 21, 2014). "James Gray's 'The Immigrant' Starring Marion Cotillard & Joaquin Phoenix Will Land In Limited Release On May 16". The Playlist.
  40. ↑ "Now Streaming: 'The Immigrant,' 'The Master' and 'The Battered Bastards of Baseball' on Netflix". IndieWire . July 14, 2014.
  41. ↑ Robey, Tim (March 25, 2017). "The Lost City of Z director James Gray on braving crocodiles and tussling with Harvey Weinstein". The Telegraph .
  42. ↑ Lodge, Guy (March 18, 2019). "Streaming: in praise of James Gray". The Guardian .
  43. ↑ "The Immigrant". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Archived from the original on May 15, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  44. ↑ "The Immigrant Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  45. ↑ Phillips, Michael (October 9, 2013). "Pedigreed or not, Chicago Int'l Film Festival films entice". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
  46. ↑ Gonzalez, Ed (October 4, 2013). "The Immigrant - Film Review". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  47. ↑ Clark, Brian (May 25, 2013). "Cannes 2013 Review: Coming to America is Gorgeous, But Slow Business in James Gray's The Immigrant". Twitch Film. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  48. ↑ Marshall, Lee (May 24, 2013). "The Immigrant - Reviews". Screen International. Archived from the original on March 3, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  49. ↑ Brueggeman, Tom (May 18, 2014). "Arthouse Audit: 'The Immigrant' and 'Chinese Puzzle' Lead Specialty Box Office". IndieWire .
  50. ↑ Corliss, Richard (December 4, 2014). "Top 10 Best Movie Performances". Time . Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
  51. ↑ "The Immigrant". Filmfest München . Archived from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  52. ↑ "Newport Beach Film Festival winners". Los Angeles Times . May 2, 2014. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  53. ↑ Kilday, Gregg (January 3, 2015). "Jean-Luc Godard's 'Goodbye to Language' Named Best Film by National Society of Film Critics". The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  54. ↑ Reaney, Patricia (December 1, 2014). "'Boyhood' wins best film, director awards from New York critics". Reuters .
  55. ↑ Cappadona, Bryanna (December 8, 2014). "Boston Society of Film Critics Announces 2014 Award Winners". Boston Magazine .
  56. ↑ Vlessing, Etan (December 15, 2014). "Toronto Film Critics Name 'Boyhood' Best Picture". The Hollywood Reporter .
  57. ↑ "Best Films of 2014". Film Comment . January 5, 2015. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
  58. ↑ Rich, Katey (February 21, 2015). "Complete List of Film Independent Spirit Award Winners". Vanity Fair . Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
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