The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains over 1,800 pholcids, including those commonly known as the marbled cellar spider , daddy long-legs spider, granddaddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and skull spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera.
The epigyne or epigynum is the external genital structure of female spiders. As the epigyne varies greatly in form in different species, even in closely related ones, it often provides the most distinctive characteristic for recognizing species. It consists of a small, hardened portion of the exoskeleton located on the underside of the abdomen, in front of the epigastric furrow and between the epigastric plates.
Theridula is a genus of cobweb spiders, found in many parts of the world. Species vary in size from 1 to 3.5 mm in length.
Theridula emertoni is a species of tangle web spider commonly found in the United States and Canada. Prior to its formal description in 1954, specimens of T. emertoni were often classified as T. opulenta, a species with whom its range overlaps. The species can be reliably distinguished from T. opulenta by the epigyne in females or by the pedipalp in males.
Theridula opulenta is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in North America and has been introduced into southern Europe.
Neotama mexicana, also known as the long-spinneret spider or Mexican two-tailed spider, is a species of tree trunk spider in the family Hersiliidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Peru and Guyana.
Hentzia mitrata, the white-jawed jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Canada, and Bahama Islands.
Habronattus sansoni is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
Pityohyphantes costatus, the hammock spider, is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States.
Walckenaeria spiralis is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in Russia, Canada, and the United States.
Ceraticelus emertoni is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the United States.
Pardosa lapidicina, the stone spider, is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
Xysticus emertoni, or Emerton's crab spider, is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found in the United States, Canada, Slovakia, Russia, and a range from Central Asia to China.
Pirata piraticus is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It is found in North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, a range from Russia, Central Asia, China, and Japan.
Theridion murarium is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in North America.
Habronattus tranquillus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Phrurotimpus borealis is a species of true spider in the family Phrurolithidae. It is found in North America.
Erigone dentigera is a species of dwarf spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in North America, Europe, Caucasus, and Russia.
Phidippus apacheanus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Cuba.
Oxyopes scalaris, the western lynx spider, is a species of lynx spider in the family Oxyopidae. It is found in North America.
