Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire

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The Earl of Berkshire
Arms of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire.svg
Coat of arms of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire
Born8 October 1587
Saffron Walden, Essex
Died16 July 1669(1669-07-16) (aged 81)
SpouseElizabeth Cecil
Children Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Berkshire
Mary Howard
Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire
Henry Howard
William Howard
Robert Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Philip Howard
Frances Howard
James Howard
Algernon Howard
Edward Howard
Diana Howard
Parent(s) Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk
Catherine Knyvet.

Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire (8 October 1587 – 16 July 1669) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1605 and 1622. He was created Earl of Berkshire in 1626.

Contents

Life

Charlton Park, Malmesbury, Wiltshire Charlton House 04.jpg
Charlton Park, Malmesbury, Wiltshire

Howard was born in Saffron Walden, Essex, the second son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk and his wife Catherine Knyvet. He was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. [1] He was made a knight of the Bath in January 1605, when Prince Charles was created Duke of York. [2] He then joined the embassy of his kinsman Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham to Spain. [2] In November 1605, although underage, he was elected Member of Parliament for Lancaster in a by-election. [2]

Howard was elected MP for Wiltshire in 1614. [2] In 1621 he was elected MP for Cricklade. [2] In 1621 he was created Baron Howard of Charlton, Wiltshire and on 7 February 1626, he was created Earl of Berkshire. [3] He inherited the Charlton Park estate in Wiltshire from his mother. [2]

Howard held a large number of local offices and was Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire from 1628. [2] He joined the Privy Council in 1639. [2] At the start of the English Civil War he was imprisoned by parliament, charged with attempting to execute the king's commission of array in Oxfordshire. [4] He was subsequently released, according to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon because he was an ineffectual man 'that could do no harm any where'. [5] He joined the king at Oxford, where he became tutor to the Prince of Wales. [2] In 1646 Howard was with the Prince of Wales in Jersey, but did not accompany him to France. Instead he went to Holland and then returned to England, where he compounded with Parliament for his estate in 1649. [2]

After the Restoration of Charles II Howard rejoined the Privy Council. [2] He died in July 1669, reportedly of a fall, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. [2]

Family

Howard married Elizabeth Cecil, daughter and co-heir of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter in 1614. They had thirteen children:

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Suffolk</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Earl of Suffolk is a title which has been created four times in the Peerage of England. The first creation, in tandem with the creation of the title of Earl of Norfolk, came before 1069 in favour of Ralph the Staller; but the title was forfeited by his heir, Ralph de Guader, in 1074. The second creation came in 1337 in favour of Robert de Ufford; the title became extinct on the death of his son, the second Earl, in 1382. The third creation came in 1385 in favour of Michael de la Pole. The fourth creation was in 1603 for Lord Thomas Howard, the second son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife Margaret Audley, the daughter and eventual sole heiress of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, of Audley End in the parish of Saffron Walden in Essex. Howard was a prominent naval commander and politician and served as Earl Marshal, as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord High Treasurer. In 1597 he was summoned to Parliament as Baron Howard de Walden, and in 1603 he was further honoured, at the start of the reign of King James I, when he was created Earl of Suffolk. His second son the Hon. Thomas Howard was created Earl of Berkshire in 1626.

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Earl of Berkshire is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. It was created for the first time in 1621 for Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire. For more information on this creation, see the Earl of Abingdon and also the Earl of Lindsey. The second creation came in 1626 in favour of Thomas Howard, 1st Viscount Andover. He was the second son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, second son of the second marriage of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. His mother was Katherine, daughter of Sir Henry Knyvett of Charlton in Wiltshire. Howard had already been created Baron Howard of Charlton, in the County of Wiltshire, and Viscount Andover, in the County of Southampton, in 1622. These titles are also in the Peerage of England. Lord Berkshire succeeded to the Charlton estate through his mother in 1638. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He had already in 1640 been summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Howard of Charlton. He had no sons and on his death in 1679 the titles passed to his younger brother, the third Earl. He represented Wallingford in the House of Commons. He also died without male issue and was succeeded by his great-nephew, the fourth Earl. He was the grandson of the Hon. William Howard, fourth son of the first Earl. In 1745 he succeeded his third cousin as eleventh Earl of Suffolk. For further history of the titles, see the Earl of Suffolk.

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References

  1. "Howard, Thomas (HWRT598T2)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "History of Parliament 1604-29: HOWARD, Sir Thomas" . Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Berkshire, Thomas Howard"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  4. "Historical Collections of Private Passages of State: Of the King's Commission of Array". British History Online. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  5. Napier, Henry Alfred (1858). Historical Notices of the Parishes of Swycombe and Ewelme in the County of Oxford. p. 426.
  6. "Howard, Edward (fl.1669)"  . Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Parliament of England
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Lancaster
1605–1611
With: Thomas Fanshawe
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wiltshire
1614
With: Sir Henry Poole
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Cricklade
1621–1622
With: Sir Carew Reynell
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire
1628–1646
With: The Earl of Banbury 1628–1632
English Interregnum
Custos Rotulorum of Oxfordshire
1628 – 1646, 1660
Succeeded by
Honorary titles
English Interregnum Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex
1660–1662
With: The Earl of Dorset
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
New creation Earl of Berkshire
1626–1669
Succeeded by
Viscount Andover
1622–1669
Baron Howard of Charlton
(descended by acceleration)

1621–1640