Throbbing Gristle

Throbbing Gristle
Throbbing Gristle performing in 2009. From left to right: Cosey Fanni Tutti, Peter Christopherson, Chris Carter, Genesis P-Orridge.
Background information
Also known as	X-TG
Origin	Kingston upon Hull, England
Genres	Industrial post-punk [1] [2] noise [3] [4] experimental [5] electronic [6]
Years active	1975 (1975)–1981, 2004–2010 (2010)
Labels	Industrial
Spinoffs	Psychic TV Coil Chris & Cosey
Past members	Peter Christopherson Cosey Fanni Tutti Chris Carter Genesis P-Orridge

Throbbing Gristle were an English music and visual arts group formed in Kingston upon Hull by Genesis P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti, later joined by Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson and Chris Carter. They are widely regarded as pioneers of industrial music. Evolving from the experimental performance art group COUM Transmissions, Throbbing Gristle made their public debut in October 1976 in the COUM exhibition Prostitution, and released their debut single "United/Zyklon B Zombie" and debut album The Second Annual Report the following year. P-Orridge's lyrics mainly revolved around mysticism, extremist political ideologies, sexuality, dark or underground aspects of society, and idiosyncratic manipulation of language inspired by the techniques of William S. Burroughs.

The band released several subsequent studio and live albums—including D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle (1978), 20 Jazz Funk Greats (1979), and Heathen Earth (1980)—on their own record label Industrial Records, building a reputation with their transgressive and confrontational aesthetics; they included the extensive use of disturbing visual imagery, such as ironic fascist and Nazi symbolism and pornography, as well as that of noise and sound manipulation influenced by the works of Burroughs and Brion Gysin.

Throbbing Gristle dissolved in 1981 due to interpersonal differences; the individual members went on to participate in other projects, such as Psychic TV, Coil, and Chris & Cosey. The band was reformed in 2004, and released three more studio albums— TG Now (2004), Part Two (2007), and The Third Mind Movements (2009)—before disbanding again after P-Orridge's departure in October 2010 and Christopherson's death the following month. The band's final studio project, a cover version of the 1970 Nico album Desertshore entitled The Desertshore Installation , was released in 2012 under the moniker X-TG.

History

First era: 1976–1981

Throbbing Gristle evolved from the performance art group COUM Transmissions, formed in Kingston upon Hull by a group of performers including Genesis P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti. In 1973 COUM moved from Hull to Hackney, London, where P-Orridge and Tutti met Chris Carter, then working as a sound recordist in television, and Peter Christopherson, then a member of the graphic design collective Hipgnosis; the four built a recording studio in Hackney which they dubbed "The Death Factory" and began performing music together. ^[7] The last known performance of COUM Transmissions—Prostitution, an exhibition held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London—was also the public debut of Throbbing Gristle. ^[8] The provocative sexual content of the exhibition led Conservative Member of Parliament Nicholas Fairbairn to dub the group "wreckers of civilisation". ^{[9] [10]}

Throbbing Gristle's confrontational live performances and use of often disturbing imagery, including pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps, earned the group a notorious reputation, but they maintained that their mission was to challenge and explore the darker and obsessive sides of the human condition rather than to make attractive music. Throbbing Gristle made extensive use of pre-recorded tape samples ^[11] and effects units, some of which they had designed or modified themselves, to produce a distinctive, highly distorted sound, usually accompanied by lyrics or spoken-word performances by Tutti or P-Orridge. ^[7] Though they asserted that they wanted to provoke their audience into thinking for themselves rather than promote any specific political agenda, Throbbing Gristle frequently associated with the anarcho-punk scene. They appeared in the fanzine Toxic Grafity with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, Industrial News. ^[12]

In 1977, they released their debut single "United / Zyklon B Zombie", followed by the hybrid live/studio album The Second Annual Report . First pressed in a limited run of 786 copies on the band's Industrial Records label, it was rereleased on Mute Records following high demand; however, this later release was reversed, with all tracks playing backwards and in reverse order. This was followed by the albums D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle (1978), 20 Jazz Funk Greats (1979), and Heathen Earth (1980), along with a number of non-album singles.

In 1981 concert promoter and Transparency Records founder Michael Sheppard brought Throbbing Gristle to Los Angeles. ^[13] On 29 May 1981 Throbbing Gristle performed at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco in what would be the group's final performance until reuniting in 2004. Throbbing Gristle announced their dissolution on 23 June 1981, mailing out postcards declaring that their "mission [was] terminated." ^{[14] [15]} In a 1987 interview, Tutti attributed the band's split to her own breakup with P-Orridge: "TG broke up because me and Gen broke up." ^[16]

P-Orridge and Peter Christopherson went on to form Psychic TV, and Tutti and Chris Carter, now a couple, continued to record together as Chris & Cosey. Christopherson later formed Coil with fellow Psychic TV member John Balance; P-Orridge subsequently formed Thee Majesty and PTV3 with their wife Jacqueline "Jaye" Breyer.

Reunion: 2004–2010

In 2004, Throbbing Gristle briefly reunited to record and release the limited album TG Now . On 2 April 2007, TG released the album Part Two: The Endless Not , which the group had finished recording in Berlin. It was originally set to be released by Mute Records in September 2006 but was delayed for unknown reasons.

In March 2007, Side-Line announced Part Two's final release date, adding that a string of special live events would take place in 2007. ^[17]

A seven-disc DVD set titled TGV was issued in 2007. ^[18] The set contains old and new footage of the band. TGV came packaged in a deluxe box with a 64-page book, all designed by Christopherson. ^[19]

The group performed a reinterpretation of their debut album The Second Annual Report twice in 2008 to mark the thirtieth anniversary of its release. ^[20] The performance in Paris on 6 June was issued as a limited-edition framed vinyl set titled The Thirty-Second Annual Report. ^[21]

The band then worked to record an album based on their interpretation of Nico's 1970 album Desertshore . ^[22] The group issued the entirety of the recording sessions for the album as a limited edition 12-CD set packaged in a custom CD wallet, The Desertshore Installation , which was sold via mail order from the group's website. ^[23]

In April 2009, Throbbing Gristle toured the United States, appearing at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco and Chicago. The Third Mind Movements , a new release, was made available at these shows, which was edited down from improvisations recorded during the Desertshore Installation sessions.

A collaborative installation with Cerith Wyn Evans titled A=P=P=A=R=I=T=I=O=N was displayed at Tramway in Glasgow from 7 August to 27 September 2009. Throbbing Gristle contributed a multi-channel soundtrack that was played through 16 hanging Audio Spotlight sound panels that Evans had incorporated into his sculpture. ^[24]

In November 2009, Throbbing Gristle and Industrial Records released their version of the Buddha Machine loop player, designed by the group with Christiaan Virant of FM3. ^[25]

On 29 October 2010, Throbbing Gristle announced on their website that P-Orridge had left the group; Carter, Cosey and Christopherson finished their current tour under the name X-TG.^{[ citation needed ]} P-Orridge's website stated that they had not quit Throbbing Gristle and had merely stopped participating in the current tour. However, the band would dissolve for good on 24 November following Christopherson's death. ^{[26] [ better source needed ]}

After dissolution: 2011–present

In 2011, Industrial Records had an official "re-activation" to reissue the group's studio albums, as Throbbing Gristle's contract with Mute Records had expired. ^[27]

Industrial Records subsequently announced that a double album, titled Desertshore/The Final Report, would be released on 26 November 2012. Carter and Tutti produced the album with the participation of film director Gaspar Noé, former pornographic actress Sasha Grey, and guest vocalists Anohni, Blixa Bargeld, and Marc Almond. ^[28]

The group had decided before Christopherson's death to re-record the album because they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings. Christopherson had been the driving force behind the project and had been working on the record in Bangkok with Danny Hyde. "It was Sleazy's project, then Cosey and Sleazy's, then I came in on it", Carter said in an interview with The Quietus . ^[29] After Christopherson died, custom instruments built for the project by Christopherson were given to Carter and Tutti, and they began combining his recordings with the work they had done themselves. ^[30] They announced plans to debut the album live at AV Festival on 17 March 2012 accompanied by a screening of Philippe Garrel's film The Inner Scar "for which Desertshore was the soundtrack and inspiration". ^{[31] [ clarification needed ]}

P-Orridge died from leukaemia on 14 March 2020. ^[32]

Legacy

The band is widely viewed as having helped create the industrial music genre along with contemporaries Cabaret Voltaire. ^[33] The term was coined in the mid-1970s with the founding of Industrial Records by P-Orridge and Monte Cazazza; on Throbbing Gristle's debut album The Second Annual Report, they coined the slogan "industrial music for industrial people". ^[34]

Alternative Press included Throbbing Gristle in their 1996 list of "100 underground inspirations of the past 20 years." ^[35]

Wreckers of Civilization, a survey on COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle's original run written by Simon Ford, was published in 1999. ^[36] A book in the 33⅓ series on 20 Jazz Funk Greats by Drew Daniel of Matmos was released in 2007. ^[37]

Other, Like Me: The Oral History of COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle , a documentary on both projects consisting of archival footage and photos and interviews with their members, was co-produced by BBC Television and aired on BBC Four in December 2021.

Members

• Genesis P-Orridge – lead vocals, bass guitar, violin, guitars, percussion
• Cosey Fanni Tutti – guitars, cornet, effects, vocals, tapes
• Peter Christopherson – tapes, electronics, cornet, percussion
• Chris Carter – synthesizers, tapes, electronics, drum machine, programming ^[7]

Discography

Main article: Throbbing Gristle discography

Studio albums

• The Second Annual Report (1977)
• D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle (1978)
• 20 Jazz Funk Greats (1979)
• Journey Through a Body (1982)
• CD1 (untitled) (1986)
• TG Now (2004)
• Part Two: The Endless Not (2007)
• The Third Mind Movements (2009)
• Desertshore / The Final Report (2012) (as X-TG)

References

1. Gimarc 1994, p. 124; Reynolds 2005, pp. XVII, XXI.
2. Ingram. Matt (31 October 2010). "20 Best: Post-punk 7"'s ever made". Fact . Retrieved 7 May 2014.
3. Stosuy, Brandon (31 May 2004). "Throbbing Gristle - The Taste of TG: A Beginner's Guide to the Music of Throbbing Gristle". Pitchfork . Retrieved 29 May 2017.
4. Singh, Anita (2 February 2017). "Full-frontal nudes, pornographic videos and bondage equipment: The X-rated exhibition to celebrate Hull's City of Culture status" . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
5. Murphy, Sarah. "Throbbing Gristle's Cosey Fanni Tutti Announces 'Art Sex Music' Autobiography". Exclaim! . Retrieved 29 May 2017.
6. Bravo, Arthur Ivan (March 15, 2016). "A Beginner's Guide to Throbbing Gristle". Thump . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
7. "Classic Tracks: Throbbing Gristle 'Hamburger Lady'". www.soundonsound.com. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
8. Savage 1992 , pp. 250–253; Reynolds 2005 , pp. 228–229
9. "World Goth Day: Throbbing Gristle's Cosey Fanni Tutti on Performance Art, Discomfort, and Her New Book Art Sex Music". www.kexp.org. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
10. "Throbbing Gristle: Second Annual Report / D.O.A. / 20 Jazz Funk Greats / Heathen Earth / Greatest Hits". Pitchfork. 7 December 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
11. Christopherson, Peter (29 October 2006). "Equipment, And My Little Part of History by Sleazy on MySpace". MySpace . Retrieved 27 May 2013.
12. "Crass Discography (Toxic Graffiti)". Transmissions from Southern. Archived from the original on 6 May 1997. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
13. Cotner, David (22 March 2016). "Musicians Remember the Late Michael Sheppard, L.A.'s Champion of the Weird". L.A. Weekly. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
14. Ford 1996, p. 38.
15. Hollings, Ken (January 2003). "Throbbing Gristle, TG24: 24 Hours of Throbbing Gristle". Soundcheck / Reviews. The Wire . No. 227. pp. 58–59. Retrieved 4 June 2020– via the Internet Archive.
16. Neal 1987, p. 216.
17. "Throbbing Gristle Announce Special Live Events to Celebrate First New Album in Over 25 Years – Throbbing Gristle News at side-line.com". Side-Line. 14 March 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
18. "TG Releases & Recordings". throbbing-gristle.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
19. "7DVD Box Set for Throbbing Gristle – Throbbing Gristle News at side-line.com". Side-Line. 19 November 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
20. "Throbbing Gristle: • Thirty-Second Annual Report •". Throbbing Gristle. 12 January 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
21. "Throbbing Gristle, "The Second Annual Report Of"". Brainwashed. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
22. "News :: Throbbing Gristle Store Shop". Greedbag. Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
23. "Throbbing Gristle – The Desertshore Installation 12 CD Wallet :: Industrial Records Store". Greedbag. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
24. "Throbbing Gristle • TG Collaboration with Cerith Wyn Evans •". Throbbing Gristle. 10 January 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
25. "Throbbing Gristle – Gristleism – The Badged Limited-Edition". Greedbag. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
26. "R.I.P. Peter 'Sleazy' Christopherson (Throbbing Gristle / X-TG) (1955 – 2010)". Incubate Blog. 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
27. "throbbing-gristle.com". throbbing-gristle.com. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
28. "Industrial Records – Releasing 'Industrial Music for Industrial People' Since 1977". throbbing-gristle.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
29. Turner, Luke (19 April 2011). "Chris & Cosey Talk Plans to Finish TG's Desertshore". The Quietus . Retrieved 27 May 2013.
30. Becu, Didier (18 June 2011). "Chris & Cosey • Interview • Music Can Be Regarded as Art. | Art Can Be Regarded as Music. • Peek-a-Boo Music Magazine". Peek-a-Boo Music Magazine. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
31. "Wishful Thinking: In Remembrance of Peter Christopherson". AV Festival. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
32. Sweeting, Adam (15 March 2020). "Genesis P-Orridge obituary". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 23 July 2023.
33. Savage 1992, p. 587.
34. Kilpatrick, Nancy (2004). The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p.  86. ISBN   0-312-30696-2.
35. Braitman, Stephen (1996). Shea, Michael (ed.). "100 Underground Inspirations of the Past 20 Years". Alternative Press. 11 (100). Cleveland, OH: 39–56. ISSN   1065-1667.
36. Watson, Don (March 1999). "Wreckers of Civilization: The Story of COUM Transmissions & Throbbing Gristle, by Simon Ford". Print Run / Reviews. The Wire . No. 181. pp. 74–75. Retrieved 4 June 2020– via the Internet Archive.
37. "33 1/3 - Throbbing Gristle - Twenty Jazz Funk Greats". Heartworm Press. Retrieved 11 August 2023.

Further reading

• Cogan, Brian. (Summer 2007). "'Do They Owe Us a Living? Of Course They Do!' Crass, Throbbing Gristle, and Anarchy and Radicalism in Early English Punk Rock". Journal for the Study of Radicalism. 1 (2): 77–90. doi:10.1353/jsr.2008.0004. JSTOR   41887578. S2CID   143586670.
• Collins, Simon (1999). "Sifting Through the Wreckage. (Interview with Simon Ford, author of Wreckers of Civilisation)". Headpress 19: World Without End'. pp. 75–84.
• Daniel, Drew (2008). 20 Jazz Funk Greats . 33⅓. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN   978-0-8264-2793-9. OCLC   1285463784 – via the Internet Archive.
• Duboys, Éric (2007). Industrial Music for Industrial People (in French). Rosières-en-Haye: Camion Blanc. ISBN   9782910196493. OCLC   213489927.
• Ford, Simon (October 1996). "Industrial Revolutionaries". The Wire. No. 152. pp. 34–38. ISSN   0952-0686 . Retrieved 4 June 2020– via the Internet Archive.
• Ford, Simon (1999). Wreckers of Civilization: The Story of COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle. London: Black Dog Publishing. ISBN   1-901033-60-0. OCLC   473269351.
• Gimarc, George (1994). Punk Diary: 1970-1979 . New York: St. Martin Press. ISBN   0-312-11048-0. OCLC   1036837397 – via the Internet Archive.
• Heylin, Clinton (2007). Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge . New York: Canongate. ISBN   978-1-84195-879-8. OCLC   1147737148 – via the Internet Archive.
• Larkin, Colin (1998). "Throbbing Gristle". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music . Vol. 7 (3rd ed.). London: Muze. p. 5427. ISBN   1-56159-237-4. LCCN   98-37439. OCLC   1033585112 – via the Internet Archive.
• Neal, Charles (1987). Tape Delay: Confessions from the Eighties Underground . SAF Publishing Ltd. ISBN   978-0-946719-02-0. OCLC   1036924477 – via the Internet Archive.
• Poulsen, Henrik Bech (2005). '77 : The Year of Punk & New Wave . London: Helter Skelter. ISBN   1-900924-92-7. OCLC   1023792996 – via the Internet Archive.
• Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music . Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-983260-6. LCCN   2012-42281. OCLC   1147729910 – via the Internet Archive.
• Reynolds, Simon (2005). Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 . London: Faber and Faber. ISBN   0-571-21569-6. OCLC   1036851652 – via the Internet Archive.
• Savage, Jon (1992). England's Dreaming . New York: St. Martin Press. ISBN   0-312-08774-8. OCLC   1034663114 – via the Internet Archive.
• Thompson, Dave (2002). Alternative Rock . San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. pp. 685–687. ISBN   0-87930-607-6. LCCN   00-58249. OCLC   1193377576 – via the Internet Archive.
• Turner, Alwyn W. (2003). "Throbbing Gristle". In Buckley, Peter (ed.). The Rough Guide to Rock (3rd ed.). London, New York: Rough Guides. p.  1084–1085. ISBN   1-84353-105-4. OCLC   1151158224 – via the Internet Archive.
• Tutti, Cosey Fanni (2017). Art Sex Music. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN   9780571328512. OCLC   1013927538.
• Vale, V.; Juno, Andrea, eds. (1983). Re/Search #6/7: Industrial Culture Handbook. San Francisco, CA: RE/Search Publications. ISBN   0-940642-07-7 – via the Internet Archive.
• Walker, John Albert (1987). Cross-overs: Art into Pop/Pop into Art . London, New York: Methuen. ISBN   1-8517-8016-5. OCLC   1029019237 – via the Internet Archive.

External links

• Official website