Timeline of Kharkiv

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 20th century

Historical affiliations

Zaporozhian Cossacks under Tsardom of Russia 1654–1721
  Russian Empire 1721–1917
  Ukrainian People's Republic 1917–1918
Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic 1918
  Ukrainian People's Republic 1918–1919
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1919–1922
Soviet Ukraine 1922–1941
  Nazi Germany 1941–1943 (occupation)
Soviet Ukraine 1943–1991
  Ukraine 1991–present

• 1654 – Kharkiv founded by Zaporozhian Cossacks (regiment's capital of Kharkiv Regiment).
• 1689 – Church of the Intercession (Kharkiv)  [ uk ] built. ^[1]
• 1734 – Kharkov Collegium founded. ^[2]
• 1764 – Church of the Holy Trinity built. ^[1]
• 1765 – Town becomes capital of Sloboda Ukraine governetore in Russian Empire. ^[2]
• 1777 – Assumption Cathedral built. ^[1]
• 1797 – Town becomes part of the Kharkov Governorate.
• 1805 – Kharkiv University established. ^[2]
• 1817 – Population: 12,892. ^[3]
• 1820 – Building of Noble Assembly, Kharkiv  [ ru ] constructed on Market Square, Kharkiv  [ ru ].
• 1835 – Town becomes capital of Kharkov Governorate. ^[2]
• 1867 – Population: 59,968. ^[4]
• 1868 – Railway begins operating. ^[2]
• 1878 – Student protest. ^[5]
• 1882
  • Jewish Bilu group moves to Palestine. ^[6]
  • Population: 133,139. ^[7]
• 1885 – Technological Institute founded. ^[8]
• 1886 - Kharkiv Public Library ^[9] and Museum of Art and Industry ^[10] established.
• 1893 – Myronosytska Church rebuilt. ^[1]
• 1895 – Kharkov Locomotive Factory begins operating.
• 1897 – Population: 170,682.
• 1900
  • Revolutionary Ukrainian Party founded in city. ^[2]
  • Population: 197,405. ^[4]

20th century

Kharkiv at the turn of the 20th century

• 1901 – Annunciation Cathedral consecrated. ^[1]
• 1903 – "People's palace" established. ^[4]
• 1906 – Tram begins operating.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1913
  • Choral Synagogue built.
  • Population: 258,360. ^[11]
• 1917 – December: First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (Kharkiv) held in city.
• 1918
  • February: City becomes capital of Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. ^[2]
  • April: troops loyal to the Ukrainian People's Republic take control of Kharkiv together with the German Army. ^[12]
• 1919
  • January: Kharkiv taken by the Red Army.
  • March: Annual congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) begins in Kharkiv.
  • June: Kharkiv taken by the White Army.
  • December: Kharkiv retaken by the Red Army.
• 1920
  • City becomes capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. ^[2]
  • Museum of History opens. ^[10]
• 1921
  • Polish diplomatic mission established. ^[13]
  • Futurist Komkosmos group formed. ^[14]
• 1922 - City becomes part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
• 1924 - Kharkov Steam Locomotive Plant housing built. ^[1]
• 1925 - Football Club Metalist Kharkiv formed.
• 1926
  • Traktor Stadium opens.
  • Population: 417,342. ^[15]
• 1927
  • Nova Generatsiia literary journal begins publication. ^[1]
  • Morozov Design Bureau (arms industry) established.
• 1928
  • Modernist Derzhprom building and Construction Workers Club built. ^{[1] [16]}
  • Literaturnyi iarmarok journal begins publication. ^[17]
• 1929
  • Institute of Political Education established.
  • Palace of Labor, and textile workers' club built. ^[1]
• 1930
  • International Conference of Revolutionary Writers held in city. ^[14]
  • National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute founded.
• 1932
  • Holodomor (famine). ^[18]
  • City becomes part of the Kharkiv Oblast.
• 1933 - House of Trade and House of Planning Organizations ^[1] and KhTZ Stadium built.
• 1934
  • Ukrainian SSR capital relocated from Kharkov to Kiev. ^[15]
  • Kharkov Opera House  [ uk ] opens.
  • International Hotel built. ^[1]
  • Red Factory Theatre built (approximate date).^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1935
  • College of Textile and Design established.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • Shevchenko monument erected in Postyshev Park  [ ru ]. ^[1]
• 1939 – Population: 833,432. ^[15]
• 1940 – April–May: Execution of Polish officers in Kharkov  [ ru ] as part of the Katyn massacre. ^[19]

German troops entering Kharkiv in 1941

• 1941
  • 1,200 political prisoners burned alive by the retreating Soviets in the Kharkiv tragedy.
  • 20–24 October: First Battle of Kharkov; Germans in power.
  • Nazi prison established by the Germans. ^[20]
• 1942 – 12–28 May: Second Battle of Kharkov.
• 1943
  • 19 February-15 March: Third Battle of Kharkov.
  • 12–23 August: Fourth Battle of Kharkov; Soviets in power.
• 1947 – Zerkalʹnaya struya (fountain) built.
• 1954
  • Kharkov Airport opens.
  • Institute of Fire Safety established. ^[21]
• 1959 - Population: 934,136.
• 1962 - Institute of Radioelectronics established.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1964
  • Lenin monument erected in Dzerzhinsky Square.
  • Kharkiv State Academy of Culture active.
• 1965 – Population: 1,070,000. ^[22]
• 1972 – 18 May: Airplane crash occurs near city.
• 1975 – Kharkiv Metro begins operating.
• 1979 – Population: 1,485,000. ^[23]
• 1981 - Kharkiv TV Tower erected.
• 1984 - Kharkiv Metro Bridge opens.
• 1985 - Population: 1,554,000. ^[24]
• 1988 – Museum of Literature established. ^[10]
• 1989
  • Population: 1,609,959.
  • Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, USA. ^[25]
• 1990
  • UkrSibbank (bank) headquartered in city.
  • Mykola Lysenko Kharkiv Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre  [ uk ] built.
• 1991 – City becomes part of independent Ukraine. ^[26]
• 1995 - 1995 Kharkiv drinking water disaster.

21st century

• 2001 - Population: 1,470,902.
• 2002 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Kharkiv-Zaporizhia established. ^[27]
• 2004 – Palace of Sports "Lokomotiv" arena opens.
• 2006 – 22 April: Supermarket bombings.
• 2010 – Hennadiy Kernes becomes mayor.
• 2012
  • June: Some UEFA Euro 2012 football games played in Kharkiv.
  • 15 December: Beheadings
• 2014
  • 28 April: Attempted assassination of mayor Kernes.
  • Kharkiv Battalion established.
  • Population: 1,451,132.

War damages after a Russian airstrike in 2022

• 2015 – 22 February: Bombing.
• 2018 – Population: 1,430,515 (estimate). ^[28]
• 2021 – 21 January: Fire.
• 2022 – 24 February: Battle against Russia Begins.

See also

• History of Kharkiv
• Other names of Kharkiv (e.g. Charkow, Harkov, Kharkoff, Kharkow)
• List of mayors of Kharkiv

References

1. Hewryk 1992.
2. Ivan Katchanovski; et al. (2013). "Kharkiv". Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7847-1.
3. Hamm 1981.
4. Britannica 1910.
5. "Russia". Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1878. Vol. 18. New York: D. Appleton and Co. 1886. hdl:2027/nyp.33433005016641 – via HathiTrust.
6. "Khar'kiv". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe . Yivo Institute for Jewish Research . Retrieved 28 February 2015.
7. "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
8. Samuel D. Kassow (1989). Students, Professors, and the State in Tsarist Russia. University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-05760-9 – via Google Books. (fulltext)
9. "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.
10. Ivanova 2003.
11. "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
12. (in Ukrainian) 100 years ago Bakhmut and the rest of Donbass liberated, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 April 2018)
13. Wasilewski, Aleksander (2010). Polskie Konsulaty na Wschodzie 1918–1939 (in Polish, English, and Russian). Warszawa. pp. 46–47. ISBN   978-83-7585-140-3.
14. George S. N. Luckyj (1990). Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine, 1917-1934. Duke University Press. ISBN   0-8223-1099-6.
15. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Kharkov", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 937, OL   6112221M
16. "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian , UK, 2015
17. Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900–1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
18. Sheila Fitzpatrick (1999). Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-505000-4.
19. Zbrodnia katyńska (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2020. p. 17. ISBN   978-83-8098-825-5.
20. "Gefängnis Charkiv". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
21. Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 575+. ISBN   978-1-139-49425-0.
22. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. Kharkov
23. Henry W. Morton; Robert C. Stuart, eds. (1984). The Contemporary Soviet City . New York: M.E. Sharpe. p.  4. ISBN   978-0-87332-248-5.
24. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289. Kharkov
25. "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
26. Ivan Katchanovski; et al. (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-7847-1.
27. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Ukraine". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 28 February 2015.
28. "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2020, United Nations

This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia and Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Johann Georg Kohl (1844). "Kharkoff". Russia: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kharkoff, Riga, Odessa, the German Provinces on the Baltic, the Steppes, the Crimea, and the Interior of the Empire. Chapman and Hall. hdl:2027/ucw.ark:/13960/t2q538v45.
• D. I. Bagalei & D. I. Miller (1905). Istoriia goroda Khar'kova za 250 let ego sushchestvovaniia s 1655 do 1905 g. [History of Kharkov] (in Ukrainian). Khar'kov. OCLC   16583341.
• Annette M. B. Meakin (1906). "Kharkoff". Russia, Travels and Studies. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC   3664651.
• "Kharkov (town)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 772.
• "Kharkov". Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. OCLC   1328163.
• Michael F. Hamm (1981). "Khar'kov's Progressive Duma, 1910–1914: A Study in Russian Municipal Reform". Slavic Review. 40 (1): 17–36. doi:10.2307/2496425. JSTOR   2496425. S2CID   159585533.
• Titus D. Hewryk (1992). "Planning of the Capital in Kharkiv". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 16 (3/4): 325–359. JSTOR   41036482.
• Elena Ivanova (2003). "Changes in Collective Memory: The Schematic Narrative Template of Victimhood in Kharkiv Museums". Journal of Museum Education. 28 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1080/10598650.2003.11510471. JSTOR   40479276. S2CID   186523041.

• Volodymyr Kravchenko (2023). Kharkov/Kharkiv: A Borderland Capital. New York: Berghahn Books.

External links

• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Kharkiv, various dates