This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1217 | 15 October | Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki [1] |
1218 | autumn | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively [2] |
winter | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed [2] | |
1219 | fall | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana [3] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1231 | August | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty [4] |
1232 | Tolui is struck by sickness and dies [6] | |
1236 | Mongol invasions of Georgia : Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia [7] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1242 | Mongol invasions of Anatolia : Mongols take Erzurum [8] | |
1243 | 26 June | Battle of Köse Dağ : Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia [9] |
1244 | The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols [8] | |
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire [10] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1251 | fall | Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China [1] |
1252 | summer | Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad [11] |
1256 | 20 November | Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins [1] |
Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV [12] | ||
1258 | 17 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak [13] |
18 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back [13] | |
29 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad [13] | |
1 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower [14] | |
3 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls [14] | |
10 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender [14] | |
13 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongols sack Baghdad [14] | |
20 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate [14] | |
Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan" [14] | ||
March | Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit [1] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1260 | January | Siege of Aleppo (1260) : Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty [1] |
The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire [15] | ||
6 June | Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat [16] | |
26 July | Battle of Ain Jalut : Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza [16] | |
spring | Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin [1] | |
August | Kitbuqa sacks Sidon [15] | |
3 September | Battle of Ain Jalut : Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates [16] | |
10 December | First Battle of Homs : Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria [1] | |
Toluid Civil War : Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan [17] | ||
1261 | Mosul and Cizre rebel [1] | |
1262 | summer | Rebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed [1] |
November | Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni [18] | |
Berke–Hulagu war : Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan [17] | ||
Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut [18] | ||
1263 | 13 January | Berke–Hulagu war : Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River [18] |
1265 | 8 February | Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan [19] |
1266 | Berke–Hulagu war : Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur [19] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1270 | Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat [20] | |
1271 | Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq [21] | |
1273 | January | Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara [22] |
1277 | 15 April | Battle of Elbistan : Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan [19] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1281 | 29 October | Second Battle of Homs : Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces [19] |
1282 | Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim [19] | |
1284 | Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder [19] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1290 | Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun [19] | |
Nawrūz rebels and fails [19] | ||
1291 | 7 March | Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother [19] |
1294 | Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically [19] | |
1295 | Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu [19] | |
October | Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim [19] | |
1299 | 22–23 December | Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar : Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks [23] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1301 | Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo [24] | |
1303 | 20 April | Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303) : Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks [24] |
1304 | 11 May | Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü [19] |
1307 | June | Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan [22] |
1308 | winter | Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism [22] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1310 | Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission [10] | |
1312 | Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni [25] | |
1316 | Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war : Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate [26] | |
16 December | Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan [22] | |
1318 | Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan [22] | |
Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate [22] | ||
1319 | 13 July | Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud [22] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1323 | Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate [22] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1335 | 30 November | Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate [27] |
1336 | Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa [27] | |
1337 | Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan [27] | |
1338 | Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür [27] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1346 | Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate [27] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1356 | Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate [27] |