Timeline of the Ilkhanate

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The Ilkhanate from 1256-1353 Ilkhanate in 1256-1353.PNG
The Ilkhanate from 1256-1353
The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345 IranaftertheIlkhanate.png
The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

13th century

1210s

YearDateEvent
121715 October Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki [1]
1218autumn Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively [2]
winter Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed [2]
1219fall Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana [3]

1220s

YearDateEvent
122015 February Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana [3]
16 March Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan [3]
May Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains [4]
winter Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies [3]
1221March Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Tolui destroys Merv [3]
April Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat [3]
spring Battle of Parwan : Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu defeats a Mongol army led by Shikhikhutug in the Hindu Kush [3]
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Genghis Khan takes Termez [3]
Siege of Bamyan : Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process [5]
November Battle of Indus : Genghis Khan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who swims across the Indus River and escapes [3]

1230s

YearDateEvent
1231August Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia : Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty [4]
1232 Tolui is struck by sickness and dies [6]
1236 Mongol invasions of Georgia : Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia [7]

1240s

YearDateEvent
1242 Mongol invasions of Anatolia : Mongols take Erzurum [8]
124326 June Battle of Köse Dağ : Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia [9]
1244The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols [8]
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire [10]

1250s

YearDateEvent
1251fall Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China [1]
1252summer Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad [11]
125620 November Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins [1]
Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV [12]
125817 January Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak [13]
18 January Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back [13]
29 January Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad [13]
1 February Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower [14]
3 February Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls [14]
10 February Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender [14]
13 February Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Mongols sack Baghdad [14]
20 February Siege of Baghdad (1258) : Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate [14]
Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan" [14]
March Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit [1]

1260s

YearDateEvent
1260January Siege of Aleppo (1260) : Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty [1]
The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire [15]
6 June Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat [16]
26 July Battle of Ain Jalut : Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza [16]
spring Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin [1]
August Kitbuqa sacks Sidon [15]
3 September Battle of Ain Jalut : Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates [16]
10 December First Battle of Homs : Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria [1]
Toluid Civil War : Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan [17]
1261 Mosul and Cizre rebel [1]
1262summerRebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed [1]
November Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni [18]
Berke–Hulagu war : Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan [17]
Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut [18]
126313 January Berke–Hulagu war : Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River [18]
12658 February Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan [19]
1266 Berke–Hulagu war : Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur [19]

1270s

YearDateEvent
1270 Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat [20]
1271 Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq [21]
1273January Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara [22]
127715 April Battle of Elbistan : Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan [19]

1280s

YearDateEvent
128129 October Second Battle of Homs : Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces [19]
1282 Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim [19]
1284 Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder [19]

1290s

YearDateEvent
1290 Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun [19]
Nawrūz rebels and fails [19]
12917 March Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother [19]
1294 Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically [19]
1295 Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu [19]
October Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim [19]
129922–23 December Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar : Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks [23]

14th century

1300s

YearDateEvent
1301 Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo [24]
130320 April Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303) : Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks [24]
130411 May Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü [19]
1307June Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan [22]
1308winter Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism [22]

1310s

YearDateEvent
1310 Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission [10]
1312 Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni [25]
1316 Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war : Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate [26]
16 December Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan [22]
1318 Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan [22]
Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate [22]
131913 July Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud [22]

1320s

YearDateEvent
1323 Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate [22]

1330s

YearDateEvent
133530 November Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate [27]
1336 Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa [27]
1337 Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan [27]
1338 Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür [27]

1340s

YearDateEvent
1346 Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate [27]

1350s

YearDateEvent
1356 Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate [27]

See also

References

Bibliography