Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire

Last updated May 25, 2024

This is a timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire.

8th century

700s

Year	Date	Event
700		Chinese records mention a tribe called "Mengwu", probably pronounced "Mung-nguet" at the time, inhabiting Manchuria ^[1]

10th century

900s

Year	Date	Event
908		Abaoji attacks the Shiwei ^[2]

920s

Year	Date	Event
928		Khongirad rebels against the Liao dynasty in the north^[3]

950s

Year	Date	Event
950		Chinese records mention a "Mengwu" tribe living in the grasslands west of the Greater Khingan and southeast of Lake Baikal ^[1]

960s

Year	Date	Event
965		Khongirad and Shiwei tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[4]

990s

Year	Date	Event
997		Zubu Poosy rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

11th century

1000s

Year	Date	Event
1007		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1050s

Year	Date	Event
1050		Khaidu, "the first to rule all the Mongols", is born^[6]

1060s

Year	Date	Event
1069		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1080s

Year	Date	Event
1084		"Mengwu" visit the Liao dynasty court^[1]

12th century

1100s

Year	Date	Event
1100		Khaidu dies^[6]

1110s

Year	Date	Event
1118		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1140s

Year	Date	Event
1146		Khabul Khan of the Khamag Mongols, great-grandson of Khaidu, rebels against the Jin dynasty ^[7]

1160s

Year	Date	Event
1160		Conflict with the Jin dynasty reduces the Mongol tribes and the Borjigin clan to destitution^[6]
1162		Temüjin is born in Delüün Boldog near Burkhan Khaldun to the Mongol chieftain Yesugei and Hoelun ^[8]

Genghis Khan's ancestors

Borte Chino (Grey Wolf) and his wife was Gua Maral (White Doe)

1. Bat Tsagan - was the son of Borte Chino and Gua Maral
- 2. Tamacha - was the son of Bat Tsagan
  - 3. Horichar Mergen - was the son of Tamacha
    - 4. Uujim Buural - was the son of Horichar Mergen
      - 5. Sali Hachau - was the son of Uujim Buural
        6. Yehe Nidun - was the son of Sali Hachau
        7. Sem Sochi - was the son of Yehe Nidun
        8. Harchu - was the son of Sem Sochi
        9. Borjigidai Mergen - was the son of Harchu, and his wife was Mongoljin Gua
        10. Torogoljin Bayan - was the son of Borjigidai Mergen, and his wife was Borogchin Gua
        11. Duva Sokhor - was the first son of Torogoljin Bayan
        11. Dobu Mergen|Dobun Mergen - was the second son of Torogoljin Bayan, and his wife was Alan Gua
        12. Belgunudei - was the first son of Dobun Mergen and Alan Gua
        12. Bugunudei - was the second son of Dobun Mergen and Alan Gua

---

12. Bukhu Khatagi - was the first son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
12. Bukhatu Salji - was the second son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
12. Bodonchar Munkhag - was the third son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
- 13. Habich Baghatur - was the son of Bodonchar Munkhag
  - 14. Menen Tudun - was the son of Habich Baghatur
    - 15. Hachi Hulug - was the son of Menen Tudun
      - 16. Khaidu - was the son of Hachi Hulug
        17. Bashinkhor Dogshin - was the first son of Khaidu
        18. Tumbinai Setsen - was the son of Baishinkhor Dogshin
        19. Khabul Khan - was the first son of Tumbinai Setsen, and Khan of the Khamag Mongol (1120–1149)
        20. Ohinbarhag - was the first son of Khabul Khan
        20. Bartan Baghatur - was the second son of Khabul Khan
        21. Mengitu Hiyan - was the first son of Bartan Baghatur
        21. Negun Taiji - was the second son of Bartan Baghatur
        21. Yesugei - was the third son of Bartan Baghatur, and his wife was Hoelun
        22. Temujin ( Genghis Khan ) - was the first son of Yesugei and Hoelun, and Khan of the Khamag Mongol (1189–1206)

Related Research Articles

A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan that started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central Asia and other regions.

Baghatur is a historical Turkic and Mongol honorific title, in origin a term for "hero" or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy Plano Carpini compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood.

Mongolian cuisine predominantly consists of dairy products, meat, and animal fats. The most common rural dish is cooked mutton. In the city, steamed dumplings filled with meat—"buuz"— are popular.

Khabul Khan, also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, and brother of Khaduli Barlas, who was in turn the ancestor of Timur. He was the son and successor of Tumbinai Khan.

Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of Barlas Mongol clan, where Central Asian conqueror Timur originated and foundation of Timurid Empire.

Alan Gua is a mythical figure from The Secret History of the Mongols, eleven generations after the blue-grey wolf and the red doe, and ten generations before Genghis Khan.

Kaidu was a Mongol ruler of the Borjigin Clan who was the great-great-grandson of Bodonchar Munkhag. Kaidu's great-grandson was Khabul Khan, and Khabul Khan's great-grandson was Genghis Khan (1162–1227), and Kaidu's other great-grandson Khadjuli, and Khadjuli Barlas great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson Timur Barlas (1330s–1405), his son Bashinkhor Dogshin succeeded him.

This is the timeline of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Temüjin, later Genghis Khan, to the ascension of Kublai Khan as emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, though the title of Khagan continued to be used by the Yuan rulers into the Northern Yuan dynasty, a far less powerful successor entity, until 1634.

Yesugei Baghatur or Yesükhei was a major chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and the father of Temüjin, later known as Genghis Khan. He was from the Borjigin family, and his name means "like nine", meaning he had the auspicious qualities of the number nine, a lucky number to the Mongols.

Bodonchar Munkhag or, Bodonchar Khan was a renowned Mongol Borjigin tribal chieftain and warlord. He was a direct ancestor of Genghis Khan who was the founder of Mongol Empire in 1206, as well as the Mongol Barlas tribe of the Central Asian Mongol conqueror Amir Timur who was the founder of Timurid Empire in 1370.

This is a timeline of the history of the Khitans. The Khitans were a nomadic people in Northeast Asia related to the Xianbei. Following the collapse of the Tang dynasty, they established the Liao dynasty in 916, encompassing parts of modern-day China, Mongolia, North Korea, and Russia. The Liao dynasty was eventually conquered by the Jin dynasty in 1125. Remnants of the Liao court led by Yelü Dashi fled westward to Central Asia where they established the Western Liao dynasty. In 1211, the Western Liao throne was usurped by a Naiman called Kuchlug. In 1218, the Mongol Empire defeated and conquered the Western Liao dynasty.

This is a timeline of the Jurchens.

This is a timeline of the Tangut people and the Western Xia dynasty.

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

This is a timeline of events involving the Golden Horde (1242–1502), from 1459 also known as the Great Horde.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yunnan under Ming rule</span>

Yunnan under Ming rule refers to the rule of the Ming dynasty in Yunnan, which saw the continuation of the tusi system instituted during the Yuan dynasty, increasing centralization, and Han migration into Yunnan.

The rise of Genghis Khan involves the events from his birth as Temüjin in 1162 until 1206, when he was bestowed the title of "Genghis Khan", which means something along the lines of "Universal Ruler" or "Oceanic Ruler" by the Quriltai, which was an assembly of Mongol Chieftains.

The Jurchen unification were a series of events in the late 16th and early 17th centuries that led to the unification of the Jurchen tribes under the Jianzhou Jurchen leader Nurhaci. While Nurhaci was originally a vassal of the Ming dynasty who considered himself a local representative of imperial Ming power, he also had a somewhat antagonistic relationship with the Ming due to Ming's involvement in events early on in his life that led to the death of his father and grandfather combined with his own increasing ambition.

Tumbinai Khan, Tumbinai Setsen Khan, or, Timurids say Tumanay Khan was the Khan of the Borjigin Imperial Mongol tribe. He lived during the 11th and 12th centuries. His son and successor Khabul Khan was the founder of the Khamag Mongol after his death. His second son Khaduli agreed with his brother Khabul Khan. He was the son and successor of Baishinkhur Dogshin who was the son of Kaidu Khan. Tumbinai had two great lineages: First through his oldest son Khabul's great-grandson Genghis Khan, who was the founder of the Mongol Empire, one of the largest empires in the world, which ruled most of the Asian continent and large parts of Europe. His lineage also extended through another son Khaduli Barlas' great-grandson Qarachar Barlas, the founder of the Barlas Confederation, whose great-great-great-grandson Timur Barlas was the conqueror and founder of Timurid Empire in Western Asia, Central Asia, and some parts of South Asia and East Asia, and through Timur's great-great-great-Grandson Babur, who was the founder of Mughal Empire in the South Asian subcontinent.

Habich Baghatur, Habich Khan or Habich Baghatur Khan, was a Ruler of Imperial Mongol Borjigid and was the son and successor of Bodonchar Khan, and great-great-grandfather of Khaidu Khan. His son Menen Tudun Khan succeeded him. He was the ancestor of two famous Mongol conquerors, one of who was the Mongol Empire founder Genghis Khan who was from the Kiyat branch of Borjigin. Genghis built his empire and spread it almost to the entirety of Asia and large parts of Europe. Habich was another descendant, who was the founder of the Timurid Empire. Amir Timur who was from the Barlas branch of Borijigin. Timur's empire extended to the largest part of the Asian continent such as Central Asia, Northern Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Western Asia.

References

1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 404.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 60.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 69.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 83.
1 2 3 4 Twitchett 1994, p. 138.
1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 414.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 238.
↑ Mote 2003, p. 403.

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[FOOTNOTEMote2003404-1] 1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 404.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199460-2] Twitchett 1994, p. 60.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199469-3] Twitchett 1994, p. 69.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199483-4] Twitchett 1994, p. 83.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994138-5] 1 2 3 4 Twitchett 1994, p. 138.

[FOOTNOTEMote2003414-6] 1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 414.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994238-7] Twitchett 1994, p. 238.

[FOOTNOTEMote2003403-8] Mote 2003, p. 403.

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v t e Timelines of Chinese history
Ancient	Warring States and Qin dynasty (5th century–207 BC) Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC) Han dynasty (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220)
Medieval	Three Kingdoms (220–280) Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms (266–439) Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589) Sui dynasty (581–619) Tang dynasty (618–690, 705–907) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979)
Early Modern	Song dynasty (960–1279) Jin–Song Wars (1125–1234) Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Northern Yuan (1368–1635) Ming dynasty (1368–1644) Treasure voyages (1405–1433) Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
Modern	Qing dynasty (1636–1912) Republic of China (1912–) Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)
Locations	Fuzhou Guangzhou Hangzhou Hong Kong Nanjing Shanghai Taiwan Tibet Yunnan-Guizhou Xinjiang
Non-Han ethnicities	Vietnamese Uyghur Khitan Tangut Jurchen Mongol
Related	Xiongnu Göktürk Turgesh Karluk Tibetan Empire Fragmentation Mongol Empire Oirat
Neighboring countries	Korea Vietnam Early independent Lý Japan Mongolia Pakistan India Russia
Miscellaneous	Chinese texts