Timeline of the Karluks

Last updated September 02, 2024

This is a timeline of the Karluks. The Kara-Khanid Khanate is also included; however, it is disputed whether the Karluks or Yagmas were the dominant group within the khanate.

7th century

Year	Date	Event
600		Karluks migrate into Tokharistan ^[1]

8th century

Year	Date	Event
742		The Karluks, Basmyls, and Uyghurs revolt against the Second Turkic Khaganate and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan is killed^[2]
745		Hostilities between the Uyghurs and Karluks force the Karluks to migrate west into Zhetysu ^[2]
751		Battle of Talas : Karluks switch sides from the Tang dynasty to the Abbasids, resulting in Tang defeat^[2]
766		Karluks annex the Turgesh in Zhetysu ^[3]
791		Karluks attack Beshbalik but are defeated by Uyghurs ^[4]

9th century

Year	Date	Event
821		Uyghurs invade Karluk territory and steal considerable booty^[4]
839		Nuh ibn Asad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and captures Sayram ^[5]
840		Uyghur Khaganate falls and Bilge Kul Qadir Khan of the Karluks declares himself khagan of the Kara-Khanid Khanate ^[5]
893		Isma'il ibn Ahmad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and conquers Taraz ^[5]
893		Bilge Kul Qadir Khan dies and Bazir Arslan Khan succeeds him

10th century

Year	Date	Event
920		Bazir Arslan Khan dies and his brother Oghulcak Khan succeeds him
932		The future Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converts to Islam
940		Oghulcak Khan dies and Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan succeeds him
955		Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan dies and Musa Bughra Khan succeeds him
958		Musa Bughra Khan dies and Suleyman Arslan Khan succeeds him
970		Suleyman Arslan Khan dies and Ali Arslan Khan succeeds him
976		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Ilaq ^[6]
980		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Kashgar ^[7]
990		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Sayram (city) ^[6]
991		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Fergana ^[8]
992		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara but immediately loses it again to the Samanids ^[9]
996		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Chach ^[9]
997		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Samarkand ^[9]
998		Ali Arslan Khan dies and Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan succeeds him
999		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara ^[6]

11th century

Year	Date	Event
1006		Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Khotan ^[10]
1008		Kara-Khanid Khanate attacks the Ghaznavids but is defeated^[10]
1017		Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan dies and Mansur Arslan Khan succeeds him
1017		Liao dynasty attacks the Kara-Khanid Khanate but is repulsed^[11]
1024		Mansur Arslan Khan dies and Muhammad Toghan Khan succeeds him
1020		Ali-Tegin, brother of Yusuf Qadir Khan, seizes Bukhara and occupies Sogdia
1024		Ali-Tegin is defeated Yusuf Qadir Khan but recaptures his former territories after his enemies retreat
1026		Muhammad Toghan Khan dies and Yusuf Qadir Khan succeeds him
1032		Battle of Dabusiyya : Altun Tash of the Ghaznavids attacks Ali-Tegin and the battle ends inconclusively
1032		Yusuf Qadir Khan dies
1034		Ali-Tegin dies and Ebu Shuca Sulayman succeeds him
1042		The Kara-Khanid Khanate splits into eastern and western branches - Ebu Shuca Sulayman continues to control the Eastern Karakhanids while Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan controls the Western Karakhanids
1050		Eastern Karakhanids conquer Kucha and Qiemo ^[10]
1052		Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Böritigin succeeds him
1056		Ebu Shuca Sulayman of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin Yusuph succeeds him
1057		Muhammad bin Yusuph of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan succeeds him
1059		İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Mahmud succeeds him
1068		Böritigin of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr Shams al-Mulk succeeds him
1075		İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Umar succeeds him, and Ebu Ali el-Hasan succeeds him
1080		Nasr Shams al-Mulk of the Western Karakhanids dies and Khidr succeeds him
1081		Khidr of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ahmad succeeds him
1089		Seljuk Empire conquers Bukhara and Samarkand and vassalizes the Kara-Khanid Khanate
1089		Ahmad of the Western Karakhanids is restored to power but is killed by the ulama and Ya'qub Qadir Khan succeeds him
1095		Ya'qub Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud succeeds him
1097		Mas'ud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Sulayman Qadir Tamghach succeeds him, and Mahmud Arslan Khan succeeds him
1099		Mahmud Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Jibrail Arslan Khan succeeds him

12th century

Year	Date	Event
1102		Jibrail Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Arslan Khan succeeds him
1102		Ebu Ali el-Hasan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ahmad Khan succeeds him
1128		Ahmad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Ahmad succeeds him
1129		Muhammad Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr succeeds him, and Ahmad Qadir Khan succeeds him
1130		Ahmad Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya succeeds him
1130		Seljuk Empire conquers Samarkand ^[12]
1132		Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Rukn ad-Dunya succeeds him, and Mahmud succeeds him
1133		Qara Khitai conquers Balasagun ^[13]
1137		Western Karakhanids are defeated by Qara Khitai at Khujand ^[13]
1141		Battle of Qatwan : The Qara Khitai defeat the Seljuk Empire and vassalizes the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Kingdom of Qocho, and the Kara-Khanid Khanate ^[13]
1141		Mahmud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1156		Ibrahim Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1158		İbrahim bin Ahmad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin İbrahim succeeds him
1160		Western Kharakhanids conquer Balkh ^[14]
1171		Mas'ud Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1178		Muhammad Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Arslan Khan succeeds him

13th century

Year	Date	Event
1204		Qara Khitai and Karakhanid troops aid Khwarazmian dynasty in fighting the Ghurid dynasty ^[15]
1204		Ibrahim Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Uthman Ulugh Sultan succeeds him
1205		Yusuph bin Muhammad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ebul Feth Muhammad succeeds him
1211		Eastern Karakhanids are eliminated in a revolt in Kashgar
1212		Muhammad II of Khwarezm annexes the Western Karakhanids^[15]

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References

↑ Bregel 2003, p. 16.
1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 18.
↑ Asimov 1998, p. 33.
1 2 Golden 1992, p. 198.
1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 20.
1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 22.
↑ Bregel 2003, p. 23.
↑ Davidovich 1998, p. 121.
1 2 3 Davidovich 1998, p. 122.
1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 26.
↑ Grousset 2004, p. 133.
↑ Davidovich 1998, p. 131.
1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 30.
↑ Bregel 2003, p. 32.
1 2 Bregel 2003, p. 34.

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[FOOTNOTEBregel200316-1] Bregel 2003, p. 16.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200318-2] 1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEAsimov199833-3] Asimov 1998, p. 33.

[FOOTNOTEGolden1992198-4] 1 2 Golden 1992, p. 198.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200320-5] 1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 20.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200322-6] 1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 22.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200323-7] Bregel 2003, p. 23.

[FOOTNOTEDavidovich1998121-8] Davidovich 1998, p. 121.

[FOOTNOTEDavidovich1998122-9] 1 2 3 Davidovich 1998, p. 122.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200326-10] 1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 26.

[FOOTNOTEGrousset2004133-11] Grousset 2004, p. 133.

[FOOTNOTEDavidovich1998131-12] Davidovich 1998, p. 131.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200330-13] 1 2 3 Bregel 2003, p. 30.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200332-14] Bregel 2003, p. 32.

[FOOTNOTEBregel200334-15] 1 2 Bregel 2003, p. 34.

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v t e Timelines of Turkic history
Inner Asia	Göktürks (439–744) Karluks (600–1212) Türgesh (699–766)
Central Asia	Uzbeks Uyghurs

v t e Timelines of Chinese history
Ancient	Warring States and Qin dynasty (5th century–207 BC) Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC) Han dynasty (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220)
Medieval	Three Kingdoms (220–280) Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms (266–439) Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589) Sui dynasty (581–619) Tang dynasty (618–690, 705–907) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979)
Early Modern	Song dynasty (960–1279) Jin–Song Wars (1125–1234) Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Northern Yuan (1368–1635) Ming dynasty (1368–1644) Treasure voyages (1405–1433) Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
Modern	Qing dynasty (1636–1912) Republic of China (1912–) Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)
Locations	Fuzhou Guangzhou Hangzhou Hong Kong Nanjing Shanghai Taiwan Tibet Yunnan-Guizhou Xinjiang
Non-Han ethnicities	Vietnamese Uyghur Khitan Tangut Jurchen Mongol
Related	Xiongnu Göktürk Turgesh Karluk Tibetan Empire Fragmentation Mongol Empire Oirat
Neighboring countries	Korea Vietnam Early independent Lý Japan Mongolia Pakistan India Russia
Miscellaneous	Chinese texts